Abstract: The invention is an integrated process for treating residual oil of a hydrocarbon feedstock. The oil is first subjected to delayed coking and then oxidative desulfurization. Additional, optional steps including hydrodesulfurization, and hydrocracking, may also be incorporated in to the integrated process.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a process of increasing the cetane number rating of a diesel oil feedstock. The process involves reacting a diesel fuel feedstock in liquid form with ozone in gaseous form in the presence of an alcohol having two or more carbon atoms and at least one polar solvent different from the alcohol, thereby forming an ozonated diesel oil containing oxidized byproducts, wherein the alcohol and said polar solvent are employed in amounts totaling no more than about 10 vol. % of the feedstock. The oxidized byproducts are then separated from the ozontated diesel oil to produce a hydrocarbon product of increased cetane number rating relative to the feedstock oil. The product can be used as a diesel fuel or as a diesel fuel extender mixed with conventional diesel fuel of low cetane number.

Abstract: A process for the deep desulfurisation of hydrocarbons (HC), in particular Natural Gas Condensate (NGC), and HC comprising diesel, pre-extracted diesel and naphtha, is described which is capable of reducing the sulfur content of these HC from 500 to 30 ppm. The process comprises contacting the hydrocarbon material with an oxidant selected from organic peroxy acids, organic peroxides, inorganic peroxides and mixtures thereof, in at least a stochiometric amount sufficient to oxidise a sulfur compound to a sulfone compound; contacting the hydrocarbon material with an aqueous extractant to allow at least a portion of the oxidised sulfur compounds to be extracted into the aqueous extractant, and separating the hydrocarbon material from the aqueous extractant to give a hydrocarbon material of reduced sulfur content. Optionally, the process may include a second and subsequent extractions with the aqueous extractant to further reduce sulfur content. A final extraction with an IL may be conducted.

Abstract: A method of upgrading a heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed by removing heteroatom contaminants is disclosed. The method includes contacting the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with an oxidant and an immiscible acid to oxidize the heteroatoms, contacting the oxidized- heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with caustic and a selectivity promoter, and removing the heteroatom contaminants from the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed. The oxidant may be used in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Sulfur-containing compounds, including specifically thiophenic compounds, in a liquid hydrocarbon feedstream are catalytically oxidized by combining the hydrocarbon feedstream with a catalytic reaction mixture that includes a peroxide that is soluble in water or in a polar organic acid, at least one carboxylic acid, and a catalyst that is a transition metal salt selected from the group consisting of (NH4)2WO4, (NH4)6W12O40.H2O, Na2WO4, Li2WO4, K2WO4, MgWO4, (NH4)2MoO4, (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O, MnO0 and NaVO3; the mixture is vigorously agitated for a time that is sufficient to oxidize the sulfur-containing compounds to form sulfoxides and sulfones; the reaction mixture is allowed to stand and separate into a lower aqueous layer containing the catalyst and an upper hydrocarbon layer that is recovered and from which the oxidized sulfur compounds are removed, as by solvent extraction, distillation or selective adsorption.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing method and system involves introducing heavy oil and well-dispersed metal sulfide catalyst particles, or a catalyst precursor capable of forming the well-dispersed metal sulfide catalyst particles in situ within the heavy oil, into a hydroprocessing reactor. The well-dispersed or in situ metal sulfide catalyst particles are formed by 1) premixing a catalyst precursor with a hydrocarbon diluent to form a precursor mixture, 2) mixing the precursor mixture with heavy oil to form a conditioned feedstock, and 3) heating the conditioned feedstock to decompose the catalyst precursor and cause or allow metal from the precursor to react with sulfur in the heavy oil to form the well-dispersed or in situ metal sulfide catalyst particles. The well-dispersed or in situ metal sulfide catalyst particles catalyze beneficial upgrading reactions between the heavy oil and hydrogen and eliminates or reduces formation of coke precursors and sediment.

Abstract: A reaction system and method for removing heteroatoms from oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon streams and products derived therefrom are disclosed. An oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed is reacted in a reaction system thereby forming non-ionic hydrocarbon products. The products derived therefrom are useful as transportation fuels, lubricants, refinery intermediates, or refinery feeds.

Abstract: A method of upgrading a heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed by removing heteroatom contaminants is disclosed. The method includes contacting the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with an oxidant to oxidize the heteroatoms, contacting the oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with caustic and a selectivity promoter, and removing the heteroatom contaminants from the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed. The oxidant may be used in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: A method of upgrading a heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed by removing heteroatom contaminants is disclosed. The method includes contacting the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with an oxidant and an immiscible acid to oxidize the heteroatoms, contacting the oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with caustic and a selectivity promoter, and removing the heteroatom contaminants from the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed. The oxidant may be used in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing clean petroleum fuel by reducing sulfur content, and raising the Cetane Number to a value above 50, in a process that may be carried out at one atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: The method allows to remove mercaptans contained in a gaseous feed comprising hydrocarbons by carrying out the following stages: a) contacting, in a reactor R1, gaseous feed 1 with a liquid stream 13 comprising olefins, in the presence of a first acid catalyst so that the mercaptans react with the olefins so as to form sulfides, b) discharging an effluent 3 from reactor R1 and separating the effluent into a gas phase and a liquid phase so as to obtain a mercaptan-depleted treated gas 4 and a sulfide-laden liquid, c) separating the sulfide-laden liquid into a first fraction 6 and a second fraction 5, the volume flow rate of first fraction 6 being at least three times higher than the volume flow rate of second fraction 5, d) recycling first fraction 6 to stage a) as a first portion of said liquid stream to be fed into said reactor R1, e) regenerating second fraction 5 by cracking so as to obtain a sulfide-depleted second fraction 2 that is recycled to stage a) as a second portion of said liquid stream.

Abstract: A process is described for the extractive oxidation of contaminants present in raw fuel streams rich in heteroatomic polar compounds and catalyzed by iron oxides contained in natural limonitic goethite, said process comprising contacting said streams with an oxidation pair which is a peroxide in solution/organic acid in amount of at least 3 and an amount between 0.01 and 10 wt % of an iron oxide, both based on the feed, the iron oxide being made up of a reduced natural limonitic goethite. The goethite reduction by a hydrogen stream has the advantage of lowering the migration of non-contaminating polar hydrocarbons from the fuel stream to the aqueous phase, at the same time obtaining higher mass yield of final product fuel while the level of target contaminants to be removed is maintained relative to the state-of-the-art process. Process yields attain 98% weight/weight.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the hydrodesulphurization of gasoline cuts for the production of gasolines with a low sulphur and mercaptans content. Said process comprises at least two hydrodesulphurization steps, HDS1 and HDS2, operated in parallel on two distinct cuts of the gasoline constituting the feed. The flow rate of hydrogen in the hydrodesulphurization step HDS2 is such that the ratio between the flow rate of hydrogen and the flow rate of feed to be treated is less than 80% of the ratio of the flow rates used to desulphurize in the hydrodesulphurization step HDS1.

Abstract: Sulfur-containing compounds, including specifically thiophenic compounds, in a liquid hydrocarbon feedstream are catalytically oxidized by combining the hydrocarbon feedstream with a catalytic reaction mixture that includes a peroxide that is soluble in water or in a polar organic acid, at least one carboxylic acid, and a catalyst that is a transition metal salt selected from the group consisting of (NH4)2WO4, (NH4)6W12O40.H2O, Na2WO4, Li2WO4, K2WO4, MgWO4, (NH4)2MoO4, (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O, MnO0 and NaVO3; the mixture is vigorously agitated for a time that is sufficient to oxidize the sulfur-containing compounds to form sulfoxides and sulfones; the reaction mixture is allowed to stand and separate into a lower aqueous layer containing the catalyst and an upper hydrocarbon layer that is recovered and from which the oxidized sulfur compounds are removed, as by solvent extraction, distillation or selective adsorption.

Abstract: A process for reducing the sulfur content of a gasoline fraction comprising one or more organic sulfur compounds including mercaptans, thiophenes, and mono- and di-sulfides, the process including: contacting a gasoline fraction having an initial organic sulfur content with a sulfuric acid-rich composition to extract organic sulfur compounds from the gasoline fraction and produce a gasoline fraction having reduced sulfur content and a sulfuric acid fraction having increased organic sulfur content; and separating the gasoline fraction having reduced organic sulfur content and the sulfuric acid-rich fraction having increased organic sulfur content.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of refinery transportation fuel or components for refinery blending of transportation fuels having a reduced amount of sulfur and/or nitrogen-containing impurities. The process involves contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock containing the above impurities with an immiscible phase containing hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid in an oxidation zone to selectively oxidize the impurities. After a gravity phase separation, the hydrocarbon phase containing any remaining oxidized impurities, is passed to an extraction zone wherein aqueous acetic acid is used to extract a portion of any remaining oxidized impurities. A hydrocarbon stream having reduced impurities can then be recovered. The acetic acid phase effluents from the oxidation and the extraction zones can then be passed to a common separation zone for recovery of the acetic acid and for optional recycle back to the oxidation and extraction zones.

Abstract: The gaseous feed flowing in through line 1 is contacted in contacting zone ZA with a liquid solvent flowing in through line 2. The solvent comprises between 0.001% and 100% by weight of a liquid olefin. Contacting in zone ZA is carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst. The purified gaseous feed is discharged from zone ZA through line 3. The sulfide-laden solvent is discharged through line 4, then regenerated in unit RE. The regenerated solvent is recycled through lines 7 and 2 to zone ZA.

Abstract: A process for the extractive oxidation of contaminants from raw hydrocarbon streams rich in heteroatomic polar compounds is described, the said process involving the extractive oxidation of sulfur and nitrogen compounds from said streams, the said process comprising treating said streams with a peroxide solution/organic acid couple, the weight percent of the peroxide solution and organic acid based on raw hydrocarbon being at least 3 for both the peroxide and organic acid solution, under an acidic pH, atmospheric or higher pressure and ambient or higher temperature. As a result of the reaction, the oxidized heteroatomic compounds, having strong affinity for the aqueous phase, are extracted into said aqueous phase, while the oxidized hydrocarbon is neutralized, water washed and dried, the resulting end product being a hydrocarbon stream from which have been removed 88.1 wt % or more of total nitrogen compounds and basic nitrogen up to 99.1 wt %, both calculated as mass contents, total Sulfur 23.

Abstract: A process for the upgrading of raw hydrocarbon streams rich in heteroatomic polar compounds and/or unsaturated moieties involving the extractive oxidation of sulfur, nitrogen, conjugated dienes and other unsaturated compounds from said streams, the said process comprising treating said streams with a peroxide solution/organic acid couple and an iron oxide catalyst which is a limonite ore, under an acidic pH, atmospheric pressure and ambient or higher temperature. As a result of the reaction, the oxidized heteroatomic compounds, having strong affinity for the aqueous slurry phase, are extracted into said aqueous phase, while the oxidized hydrocarbon is separated from catalyst by decanting, neutralizing, water washing and drying, the resulting end product being a hydrocarbon stream from which have been removed 90% or more of total nitrogen compounds and basic nitrogen up to 99.7%, both calculated as mass contents.

Abstract: In crude oil fractions, fossil fuels, and organic liquids in general in which it is desirable to reduce the levels of sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing components, the process reduces the level of these compounds via the application of sonic energy. The process can be performed both with and without the added presence of an oxidizing agent, and with or without elevated temperature and/or pressure. The invention is performed either as a continuous process or a batch process.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur compounds from hydrocarbon streams by contacting the hydrocarbon stream, especially a gasoline stream, with an adsorbent material. The adsorbent material is regenerated with hydrogen or a hydrogen/H2S mixture.

Abstract: Economical processes are disclosed for the production of components for refinery blending of transportation fuels by selective oxidation of feedstocks comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons, sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing organic compounds. Oxidation feedstock is contacted with a soluble quaternary ammonium salt containing halogen, sulfate, or bisulfate anion, and an immiscible aqueous phase comprising a source of hydrogen peroxide, and at least one member of the group consisting of phosphomolybdic acid and phosphotungstic acid, in a liquid reaction mixture under conditions suitable for reaction of one or more of the sulfur-containing and/or nitrogen-containing organic compounds. Blending components containing less sulfur and/or less nitrogen than the oxidation feedstock are recovered from the reaction mixture. Advantageously, at least a portion of the immiscible acid-containing phase is recycled to the oxidation.

Abstract: An integrated hydrotreating process which produces a high quality feed for the FCC to maintain sulfur in FCC gasoline to a level lower than 30 ppm from a high boiling feedstock and an ultra low sulfur diesel stream preferably less than 10 ppm from a cracked stock diesel boiling material. The high boiling feedstock is firstly hydrotreated to reduce the concentration of heterogeneous compounds which produces lower boiling hydrocarbonaceous compounds boiling in the diesel range. The resulting hydrocarbonaceous compounds boiling in the diesel range together with other cracked material in the diesel boiling range are further hydrotreated in a second hydrotreating zone to meet ultra low sulfur diesel specifications and high cetane index.

Abstract: Processes for generating and removing oxidized sulfur species, and in particular sulfoxides, from crude oil and various fractions derived therefrom. Initially, the sulfur species present in the crude oil or fractions derived from the crude oil, is oxidized such that substantially all of the sulfur species are converted to sulfoxides and/or a combination of sulfoxides and sulfones. Thereafter, the fossil fuel containing the oxidized sulfur species are subjected to conventional hydrodesulfurization processes where substantially all of the sulfones are converted to hydrogen sulfide gas.

Abstract: Economical processes are disclosed for production of components for refinery blending of transportation fuels which are liquid at ambient conditions by selective oxygenation of refinery feedstocks comprising a mixture of organic compounds. The organic compounds are oxygenated in a liquid reaction medium with an oxidizing agent and heterogeneous oxygenation catalyst system which exhibits a capability to enhance the incorporation of oxygen into a mixture of liquid organic compounds to form a mixture comprising hydrocarbons, oxygenated organic compounds, water of reaction, and acidic co-products. The mixture is separated to recover at least a first organic liquid of low density and at least a portions of the catalyst metal, water of reaction and acidic co-products. Advantageously, the organic liquid is washed with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate solution, or other soluble chemical base capable to neutralize and/or remove acidic co-products of oxidation, and recover oxygenated product.

Abstract: A method for obtaining oil products such as diesel fuel with improved quality, from a gas oil fraction containing organosulphur compounds such as dibenzenethiophenes and/or their derivatives, with initial and final boiling points generally ranging between about 170 and 480° C. The method includes at least two steps which consist in: (a) liquid-liquid extraction wherein the diesel fuel fraction is contacted with a solvent so as to obtain a gas oil-type raffinate with low content of sulphur and aromatic compounds and an extract rich in solvent and with high content of sulphur and aromatic compounds; (b) oxidation of the extract sulphur compounds so as to obtain, after separation, a heavy gas oil-type hydrocarbon effluent with low sulphur content, and a residue comprising oxidased organosulphur compounds. The invention also concerns oil products obtained by said method which can be used either for the formation of fuel for internal combustion engine with compression ignition (of the diesel type) or as fuel.

Abstract: A multi-step process for desulfurizing liquid petroleum fuels that also removes nitrogen-containing compounds and aromatics. The process steps are: thiophene extraction; thiophene oxidation; thiophene-oxide and -dioxide extraction; raffinate solvent recovery and polishing; extract solvent recovery; and recycle-solvent purification. The thiophene oxidation is accomplished with hydrogen peroxide and the extraction solvent is acetic acid in combination with secondary solvents. The operating conditions in the process are relatively mild at near ambient pressure and less than 145° C. throughout the process, and the only chemical consumed in the process is hydrogen peroxide. The process design can be modified to accommodate a variety of liquid hydrocarbon feeds.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur from hydrocarbon streams is described. The organic sulfur compounds are first oxidized to create oxidized sulfur in the hydrocarbon stream and then processing the hydrocarbon stream with hydrogen at hydrodesulfurization conditions to reduce the sulfur to hydrogen sulfide, leaving a hydrocarbon gas stream substantially free of sulfur.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic oxidation of sulfur and nitrogen contaminants as well as unsaturated compounds present in a hydrocarbon fossil oil medium is described, the process comprising effecting the oxidation in the presence of at least one peroxide, at least one acid and a pulverized raw iron oxide. The process shows an improved oxidation power towards the contaminants typically present in a fossil oil medium, this deriving from the combination of the peroxyacid and the hydroxyl radical generated in the reaction medium due to the presence of an iron oxyhydroxide such as a limonite clay, which bears a particular affinity for the oil medium. The process finds use in various applications, from a feedstock for refining until the preparation of deeply desulfurized and deeply denitrified products.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic oxidation of sulfur and nitrogen contaminants as well as unsaturated compounds present in a hydrocarbon fossil oil medium is described, the process comprising effecting the oxidation in the presence of at least one peroxide, at least one acid and a pulverized raw iron oxide. The process shows an improved oxidation power towards the contaminants typically present in a fossil oil medium, this deriving from the combination of the peroxy-acid and the hydroxyl radical generated in the reaction medium due to the presence of an iron oxyhydroxide such as a limonite clay, which bears a particular affinity for the oil medium. The process finds use in various applications, from a feedstock for refining until the preparation of deeply desulfurized and deeply denitrified products.

Abstract: A process for concurrently fractionating and hydrotreating of a full range naphtha stream. The full boiling range naphtha stream is subjected to simultaneous hydrodesulfurization and splitting into a light boiling range naphtha and a heavy boiling range naphtha, which have been treated to covert mercaptans in the fractions to H2S, which is separated with and separated from the light naphtha wherein the improvement is a further hydrodesulfurization by contacting the light boiling range naphtha with hydrogen in countercurrent flow in a fixed bed of hydrodesulfurization catalyst to remove recombinant mercaptans which are formed by the reverse reaction of H2S with olefins in the naphtha during the initial hydrodesulfurization.

Abstract: A process for desulfurizing hydrocarbons such as gasoline and similar petroleum products to reduce the sulfur content to a range of from about 2 to 15 ppm sulfur without affecting the octane rating is described. The sulfur containing hydrocarbon is contacted at slightly elevated temperatures with an oxidizing/extracting solution of formic acid, a small amount of hydrogen peroxide, and no more than about 25 wt % water.

Abstract: A process for desulfurizing fuels such as diesel oil and similar petroleum products to reduce the sulfur content to a range of from about 2 to 15 ppm sulfur is described. The sulfur containing fuel is contacted at slightly elevated temperatures with an oxidizing/extracting solution of formic acid, a small amount of hydrogen peroxide, and no more than about 25 wt % water. A removal process for separating substituted dibenzothiophene oxidation products from tile fuel is also described.

Abstract: A multi-step process for desulfurizing liquid petroleum fuels that also removes nitrogen-containing compounds and aromatics. The process steps are: thiophene extraction; thiophene oxidation; thiophene-oxide and -dioxide extraction; raffinate solvent recovery and polishing; extract solvent recovery; and recycle-solvent purification. The thiophene oxidation is accomplished with hydrogen peroxide and the extraction solvent is acetic acid in combination with secondary solvents. The operating conditions in the process are relatively mild at near ambient pressure and less than 145 ° C. throughout the process, and the only chemical consumed in the process is hydrogen peroxide. The process design can be modified to accommodate a variety of liquid hydrocarbon feeds.

Abstract: A process for desulfurizing hydrocarbons such as gasoline and similar petroleum products to reduce the sulfur content to a range of from about 2 to 15 ppm sulfur without affecting the octane rating is described. The sulfur containing hydrocarbon is contacted at slightly elevated temperatures with an oxidizing/extracting solution of formic acid, a small amount of hydrogen peroxide, and no more than about 25 wt % water.

Abstract: The residue (bottoms) from a vacuum or atmospheric column is upgraded in a revamped multireactor hydrotreating zone. The hydrotreating zone is modified such that the entire effluent of the next to last reactor is withdrawn, light gases and hydrocarbons are removed from the effluent in separators and the remaining liquid is passed into a fractionation column and/or a carbon rejection zone. Gas oils and distillates from the column and/or carbon rejection zone are then returned to the last reactor of the hydrotreating zone.

Abstract: A hydrotreatment process for effecting hydrotreatment of a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock containing a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons together with organic sulphurous impurities in which a desulphurised liquid first hydrocarbon fraction is contacted with a first stream of desulphurised recycle gas to produce (A) a vaporous mixture including unreacted hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide, and a second hydrocarbon fraction including relatively more volatile components of the mixture of hydrocarbons and (B) a third liquid hydrocarbon fraction including relatively less volatile components of the mixture of hydrocarbons as well as residual sulphurous impurities, the vaporous mixture and the third liquid hydrocarbon fraction being recovered as separate streams from the contact zone. The third liquid hydrocarbon fraction is contacted with a mixture of make-up hydrogen-containing gas and desulphurised recycle gas to cause hydrodesulphurisation of residual sulphurous impurities in the third liquid hydrocarbon fraction.

Abstract: A method and system for removing hydrogen sulfide from a continuous aqueous phase-containing fluid without forming a sulfur sludge. Oil is either initially present in the fluid or added thereto.

Abstract: A process for reducing the aliphatic sulfur content of a crude oil in a production site is disclosed. A crude oil with a high aliphatic sulfur content is treated at ambient reaction temperature with an oxidant which comprises formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Preferably, the crude is treated with an amount of the oxidant of about 2 moles of oxidant for each mole of aliphatic sulfur in the crude. Preferably reaction temperature ranges from about 30.degree. F. to 100.degree. F. The oxidant converts the aliphatic sulfur compounds of the crude to a water soluble phase which is separated from the crude oil in a water wash.

Abstract: A process for improving the performance of heavy oil refining units in a resid hydrotreating unit equipped for resid hydrotreating. The partially refined resid stream issuing from a train of ebullated bed reactor is first separated into high, medium, and low temperature components. The high temperature component is sent through a flash drum and then fractionated by solvent deasphalting in order to provide oil, resin, and asphaltene fractions. Thus, the asphaltene is eliminated before it can foul downstream equipment. This treatment of the heavy oil product has several benefits as compared to treating the vacuum tower bottoms. Among other things, one of these benefits is to debottleneck the resid hydrotreating unit, especially at the atmospheric tower.

Abstract: A refining process uses a two or four stage solvent separator coupled to receive an incoming feedstream of low sulfur resid and a solvent. In the preferred two stage separator, the mixture at the top of the first separator stage is fed to the second stage separator via a heat exchanger. The mixture at the bottom of the first stage separator includes resins and asphaltenes which are fed to a hydrotreater and then, in turn, to a fractionator. The output from the bottom of this fractionator can be fed back to the resid feedstream of the first stage separator for recycled separation. The material at the top of the second stage separator is fed back through the heat exchanger where it helps heat the mixture fed from the top of the first to the second stage separator, this feedback recovers the solvent for reuse in the first stage. The material settling to the bottom of the second stage separator is fed into a catalytic cracker or processed elsewhere.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide is removed from a water-in-oil emulsion by treatment of the emulsion with sulfur dioxide to convert the hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur. The elemental sulfur formed is distributed between the oil phase and the aqueous phase of the emulsion.

Abstract: A process for upgrading diesel oil comprising the steps of:(1) reacting the diesel oil with a nitrogenous treating agent;(2) contacting the diesel oil from step (1) above with(a) a primary solvent selected from the group consisting of organic solvents having a dipole moment of about 1.

Abstract: A process for enhancement of the cetane number of a diesel fuel which in one embodiment comprises:(1) treating a diesel oil with a nitrogenous treating agent in a nitrogen amount, equivalent on a 100% nitric acid basis, to about 10 weight percent or less of the diesel oil feed;(2) separating unreacted nitrogenous treating agent from the diesel oil of step (1);(3) treating the diesel oil of step (2) with an inorganic alkali to produce a treated diesel oil; and(4) blending the treated diesel oil of step (3) with an untreated diesel oil to produce a blended diesel fuel such that the added nitrogen content in the blended diesel fuel is(a) about 300 ppm or less of nitrogen added when the diesel oil treated in step (1) is obtained from virgin diesel oil stock; or(b) about 450 ppm or less of nitrogen added when the diesel oil treated in step (1) is obtained from hydrotreated diesel oil stock.

Abstract: A process for enhancement of the cetane number of a diesel fuel which in one embodiment comprises:(1) treating a diesel oil with a nitrogenous treating agent in a nitrogen amount, equivalent on a 100% nitric acid basis, to about 10 weight percent or less of the diesel oil feed;(2) removing unreacted nitrogenous treating agent from the diesel oil of step (1) to produce a treated diesel oil, and;(3) blending the treated diesel oil of step (2) with an untreated diesel oil to produce a blended diesel fuel such that the added nitrogen content in the blended diesel fuel is(a) about 300 ppm or less of nitrogen added when the diesel oil treated in step (1) is obtained from virgin diesel oil stock; or(b) about 450 ppm or less of nitrogen added when the diesel oil treated in step (1) is obtained from hydrotreated diesel oil stock.

Abstract: Metals, nitrogen and/or sulfur, particularly vanadium, nickel and nitrogen, are removed from organic compositions, particularly heavy hydrocarbon oils, by contacting the organic composition with a methylating agent, preferably dimethyl sulfate, under conditions sufficient to form a precipitate, including the contaminants, and separating the precipitate from the organic composition as by filtration, decantation, and the like. In another embodiment of the present invention, the treatment with the methylating agent is carried out in conjunction with treatment with an acid gas and water or a solvent, such as a combination of carbon dioxide and water.