Abstract: In a reaction in which a boron trifluoride complex is used as a catalyst, the expensive and harmful boron trifluoride complex is separated from a reaction mixture containing the boron trifluoride complex by separating the boron trifluoride complex present in the reaction mixture by using a saturated hydrocarbon-based solvent.

Abstract: A crude oil which contains at least 0.1 wt % unstable sulfur compounds is treated in a reaction zone at low temperature to convert at least 50 wt % of the unstable sulfur compounds contained therein. The reaction and removal of sulfur from the crude may be facilitated by contacting the crude oil with a catalytic material in the presence of a stripping fluid.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a method of removing sulfide(s), which is safe, is effective over long periods at low cost, and exerts no adverse influences on the environment. The present invention relates to a method of removing sulfide(s), characterized in that a medium containing sulfide(s), including hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan(s), is allowed to come into contact with 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diyl diacetate. Also, the present invention relates to the method, wherein the medium is a solid, liquid, or gas. In accordance with the present invention, sulfide(s), including hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan(s), can efficiently be treated so that they may be removed at low cost without the need for large-capacity equipment. In addition, the present invention can be safely practiced because there is no generation of byproducts that irritate the skin.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for the catalytic reduction of heavy oils, kerogens, plastics, bio-masses, sludges and organic wastes to light hydrocarbon liquids, carbon dioxide and amines, all in a single reaction vessel. Disclosed are multiple examples of an improved dendritic process for the reaction of variegate raw materials, and the separation and isolation of the products formed thereby. The invention takes advantage of the reduction in the number of profligate process steps, the cycle time for the reactions, and the capacity to separate the products using a dendritic process.

Abstract: A composition and a process for substantially reducing or removing sulfide from a sulfide-containing fluid are disclosed. The composition comprises, or is prepared by combining components comprising, a sulfide-containing fluid and a sulfide-scavenging amount of a sulfide scavenger selected from the group consisting of bromates, iodates, and combinations of two or more thereof. The process comprises contacting a sulfide-containing fluid with a sulfide-scavenging amount of a sulfide scavenger under a condition sufficient to substantially reduce the sulfide concentration in the fluid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for removal of sulfur contaminants from hydrocarbons using processes which rely upon the reaction of organosulfur compounds with N-halogeno compounds. The sulfur removal may be effected by using liquid/liquid extraction processes or one of two reactive adsorption processes involving injecting a stoichiometric amount of N-halogeno compounds into hydrocarbon and then passing the stream through an adsorbent column to adsorb the N-halogeno-sulfur compounds and any unreacted N-halogeno compounds; or using adsorbents which are pre-loaded with N-halogeno compounds which are placed in a fixed-bed column for sulfur removal.

Abstract: Pyrolyzate oil is made amendable to hydrotreatment without substantial coking problems by means of pre-treatment with hydrogen at temperatures in the range of 250.degree. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: High sulfur crude oil is desulfurized by a low temperature (25.degree.-80.degree. C.) chlorinolysis at ambient pressure in the absence of organic solvent or diluent but in the presence of water (water/oil=0.3) followed by a water and caustic wash to remove sulfur and chlorine containing reaction products. The process can be practiced at the well site for the recovery of desulfurized oil used to generate steam for injection into the well for enhanced oil recovery.

Abstract: A liquid solution containing a tri-halide from the halogen group consisting of bromine and iodine is passed in countercurrent flow with fluids containing sulfur compounds, including hydrogen sulfide, within a tower. The tri-halide solution removes selected sulfur compounds, including hydrogen sulfide, from the fluids and the halide solution is drained from the bottom of a tower for sulfur removal, electrolytic regeneration, and hydrogen release in order that a tri-halide from the electrolytic cell may be returned to the tower for continual removal of sulfur compounds, including hydrogen sulfide. A portion of the spent halide solution from the bottom of the tower is conducted to a point in the tower above the introduction of the tri-halide solution to prevent the loss of the diatomic halogen.