Abstract: A method of upgrading a heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed by removing heteroatom contaminants is disclosed. The method includes contacting the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with an oxidant and an immiscible acid to oxidize the heteroatoms, contacting the oxidized- heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with caustic and a selectivity promoter, and removing the heteroatom contaminants from the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed. The oxidant may be used in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing low-odor n-butane by catalytic hydrogenation of a feed mixture. The aim of the invention is to provide such a method, wherein the feed material, in addition to n-butane, n-butene and up to 1 mass % formic acid and/or up to 1 mass % pentanals and/or up to 0.5 mass % pentanols, also comprises carbon monoxide. The aim is achieved by treating the feed mixture in the temperature range of 15 to 120° C. with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide in the concentration range of 0.5 to 30 mass % and subsequently subjecting the feed mixture to the catalytic hydrogenation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating various waste petroleum into eco-friendly solid so that leaching of oil would not occur. The method of the present invention can treat radioactive waste petroleum as well as various waste petroleum, thereby stabilizing waste petroleum chemically and physically, wherein the method comprises mixing waste petroleum with a sulfuric acid and a nitric acid; adding sodium hydroxide, thereby carrying out a polymerization reaction to produce solid particles; colloidizing a mixture obtained by uniformly stirring the solid particles; adding a diisocyanate compound in reactor, thereby carrying out a subsequent polymerization reaction to obtain a new compound in the form of powder; discharging a generated gas into the atmosphere; and filling the powder into a resin as a filling material and compression molding and reclaiming the filled powder.

Abstract: A reaction system and method for removing heteroatoms from oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon streams and products derived therefrom are disclosed. An oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed is reacted in a reaction system thereby forming non-ionic hydrocarbon products. The products derived therefrom are useful as transportation fuels, lubricants, refinery intermediates, or refinery feeds.

Abstract: A method of upgrading a heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed by removing heteroatom contaminants is disclosed. The method includes contacting the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with an oxidant to oxidize the heteroatoms, contacting the oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with caustic and a selectivity promoter, and removing the heteroatom contaminants from the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed. The oxidant may be used in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: A method of upgrading a heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed by removing heteroatom contaminants is disclosed. The method includes contacting the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with an oxidant and an immiscible acid to oxidize the heteroatoms, contacting the oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with caustic and a selectivity promoter, and removing the heteroatom contaminants from the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed. The oxidant may be used in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: A method for treating crude or residual fuel oil includes extracting vanadium from the fuel oil by contacting the fuel oil with an adsorbent and a solvent. The adsorbent may be modified with a compound having both acidic functionality and basic functionality. The method provides effective removal of vanadium from crude or residual fuel oil at moderate temperatures.

Abstract: A metal spring with embedded constrained layer damping provides effective damping of a supported load. A continuous load bearing tube is provided with an inner diameter and an outer diameter with a plurality of constraining layer tube sections concentric with the load bearing tube and spaced along the load bearing tube. A damping layer of a viscoelastic material contacts facing surfaces of the continuous load bearing tube and the constraining layer tube sections so that shear strains are induced in the viscoelastic material from relative rotation of the load bearing tube and the constraining layer sections to provide damping of an applied load. In one embodiment, the constraining layer tube sections and damping are within the load bearing continuous tube and the continuous tube is sealed at each end to permit use of the spring in a vacuum environment.

Abstract: Oxygenate impurities are removed from an organic chemical feed or stream by treatment with an aqueous reducing agent and aqueous base, accompanied by separation. An aqueous solution of reducing agent and an aqueous solution of base are typically introduced sequentially into the organic chemical stream, where they may react with any oxygenate impurities present. The reaction products of the oxygenate impurities and aqueous reducing agent and aqueous base are water soluble, and are typically removed in sequential fashion via any suitable separation means. For example, oxygenate impurities such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and methyl formate may be removed from a propylene stream by treating the stream sequentially with aqueous sodium bisulfite and aqueous sodium hydroxide, accompanied by separation of the oxygenate impurity reaction products in coalescers.

Abstract: A process for purifying a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock containing organo-sulfur compounds wherein an aqueous sulfuric acid solution containing ions of a transition metal, such as vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, cerium or mixtures thereof, is subject to electrolysis to oxidize the metal ions to a higher oxidation state, the electrolyzed solution is emulsified with the feedstock to achieve oxidation of the organo-sulfur compounds to form water soluble sulfur compounds, gaseous products, resinous products; the spent aqueous acidic solution and the purified hydrocarbon product are separated and the spent aqueous solution is recycled via electrolysis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for reprocessing, particularly the dehalogenation, of oil products which involves a) treating the oil product at temperatures up to about 150.degree. C. with an effective amount of an aqueous solution of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a strong acid, a salt of a weak base and a strong acid and precursors thereof; b) treating the oil product of step (a) at increased temperatures with at least one halogen binding agent; and c) separating water and/or the solids from the treated oil product of step (b).

Abstract: Petroleum crudes, residual stocks, gas oils and the like which contain metals are pretreated with a sulfonating agent and the mixture separated into two fractions of which the lesser in volume has a greater concentration of metal and Conradson Carbon components. One or both of those fractions is mixed with a catalytically inert solid at high temperature to transfer metallic compounds and Conradson Carbon components to the solid for improvement of the fraction.

Abstract: Aerosol propellants from the class n-butane, isobutane and propane cause increased amounts of corrosion with greater than 5 parts per million unsaturates as impurities. Unsaturate levels are reduced below 5 parts per million, and preferably below 2 parts per million and most preferably below 1 part per million, by passing the saturated hydrocarbon containing unsaturated contaminants through a sulfuric acid scrubber for a length of time sufficient to remove unsaturated contaminants in excess of 5 parts per million and passing the outflow from the sulfuric acid scrubber through a basic demister to remove the sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid scrubbing takes place in a column by liquid-liquid contact. The saturated hydrocarbon is then allowed to vaporize, and is passed successively through a basic demister and, if moist, a drying agent.

Abstract: A method for improving the long-term color stability of jet fuel and jet fuel blends containing nitrogen compounds, by intimately mixing the jet fuel with a quantity of concentrated sulfuric acid sufficient to remove at least about ninety percent (90%) of said nitrogen compounds during a contact time equal to less than five (5) minutes, separating the jet fuel from the concentrated sulfuric acid, mixing the jet fuel with an aqueous caustic solution to remove residual acid from the jet fuel, separating the jet fuel from the aqueous caustic solution, mixing the jet fuel with water, and separating the jet fuel from the water.