Abstract: Reactive S (e.g. H.sub.2 S and mercaptans) in petroleum liquid are scavenged by the use of oil soluble trialkyl hexahydro triazines wherein at least one alkyl group, and preferably all three, contain from 7 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method of extracting iron species from a liquid hydrocarbon medium comprising adding to the medium a composition comprised of an aminocarboxylic acid, methoxypropylamine and a solvent selected from the group consisting of 2-ethylhexanol, cresylic acid, ethylene glycol and hexylene glycol.

Abstract: Cracked hydrocarbon gases are treated to remove contaminating compounds that react in caustic wash to form the reaction products which cause equipment fouling. The treating of the cracked hydrocarbon gases includes the contacting of a cracked hydrocarbon stream with an aqueous amine solution, prior to caustic washing, to remove carbonyl compounds contained in the cracked hydrocarbon gases. By treating the cracked hydrocarbons with an amine compound prior to caustic washing, the formation and deposition of fouling compounds upon the internal components of caustic treating equipment is inhibited.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-soluble demulsifying and antifouling agent capable of separating possibly emulsified water/hydrocarbon mixtures, and particularly water/crude petroleum mixtures containing suspended matter.Said agent comprises from 10 to 60 percent by weight of a combination of the following compounds:at least one quaternary tetraalkylammonium halide; andat least one polyalkyloxylated alkylenediamine or its sulfate.

Abstract: A composition and method for improving the removal of corrosive contaminants from crude oil within the desalter in a petroleum refinery. An amine is added to the wash water or to the crude oil prior to processing in the desalter. The amine maximizes the yield of wash water removed from the desalter and substantially improves the removal of acid generating corrosive elements.The addition of the amine upstream of the desalter results in the removal of a significant amount of corrosive chlorides from the crude oil before it is passed through the fractionating unit and other refinery operations. Furthermore, the avoidance of adding metals and the assistance in removing other metals from the crude system aids in the reduction or elimination of downstream fouling and petroleum catalyst poisoning.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for operating a refinery gas plant such as the unsaturated gas plant of a catalytic hydrocarbon conversion process that results in a reduction of the corrosive effect of acid gases on the gas plant vessels and equipment. The process comprises contacting acidic hydrocarbon feedstreams to an unsaturated gas plant separator zone with lean acid gas absorbing absorbent in an absorbtion zone comprising at least one liquid absorber bed and one vapor absorber bed. The liquid and vapor absorber beds are located upstream of the separator zone. The feedstreams to the gas plant comprise unstabilized, or wild, liquid gasoline and liquid and vapor output streams from the liquid-vapor separator for inter-stage wet gas compressor of the conversion process main fractionator. Accordingly, these feedstreams are deacidified before separation in the USGP deethanizer-absorber, sponge absorber, and debutanizer. This also eliminates the need for deacidification of the gas plant product stream.

Abstract: A composition and method for improving the removal of corrosive contaminants from crude oil within the desalter in a petroleum refinery. An amine is added to the wash water or to the crude oil prior to processing in the desalter. The amine maximizes the yield of wash water removed from the desalter and substantially improves the removal of acid generating corrosive elements.The addition of the amine upstream of the desalter results in the removal of a significant amount of corrosive chlorides from the crude oil before it is passed through the fractionating unit and other refinery operations. Furthermore, the avoidance of adding metals and the assistance in removing other metals from the crude system aids in the reduction or elimination of downstream fouling and petroleum catalyst poisoning.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting the formation of polymeric based fouling deposits normally formed during the caustic washing of hydrocarbons is disclosed. The method comprises adding an effective amount for the purpose of an ethylenediamine compound (e.g., ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, etc.) to the caustic wash system.

Abstract: The salt content of a heavy crude oil is reduced by a method which comprises the steps of(a) mixing 70 to 98% by volume of a heavy crude oil having a viscosity in the range 200 to 250,000 mPa.s at the mixing temperature with 30 to 2% by volume of an aqueous solution of an emulsifying surfactant or an alkali, percentages being expressed as percentages by volume of the total mixture; mixing being effected under low shear conditions in the range 10 to 1,000 reciprocal seconds, in such manner that an HIPR emulsion is formed comprising distorted oil droplets having mean droplet diameters in the range 2 to 50 micron separated by aqueous films,(b) breaking the resulting emulsion, and(c) separating the resulting mixture into a layer of relatively salt-free oil and a layer of relatively salt-enhanced water.Heavy crude oils are desalted by the above method without requiring a hydrocarbon diluent.

Abstract: A method of neutralizing the organic acidity in petroleum and petroleum fractions to produce a neutralization number less than 1.0 whereby they are rendered suitable as lube oil feed stocks which comprises treating said heavy gas oils with a neutralizing amount of monoethanolamine to form an amine salt with the organic acids and then heating the thus-neutralized petroleum or petroleum fraction at a temperature and for a time sufficient to convert the amine salts to amides.

Abstract: A process for upgrading diesel oil comprising the steps of:(1) reacting the diesel oil with a nitrogenous treating agent;(2) contacting the diesel oil from step (1) above with(a) a primary solvent selected from the group consisting of organic solvents having a dipole moment of about 1.

Abstract: A process for enhancement of the cetane number of a diesel fuel which in one embodiment comprises:(1) treating a diesel oil with a nitrogenous treating agent in a nitrogen amount, equivalent on a 100% nitric acid basis, to about 10 weight percent or less of the diesel oil feed;(2) separating unreacted nitrogenous treating agent from the diesel oil of step (1);(3) treating the diesel oil of step (2) with an inorganic alkali to produce a treated diesel oil; and(4) blending the treated diesel oil of step (3) with an untreated diesel oil to produce a blended diesel fuel such that the added nitrogen content in the blended diesel fuel is(a) about 300 ppm or less of nitrogen added when the diesel oil treated in step (1) is obtained from virgin diesel oil stock; or(b) about 450 ppm or less of nitrogen added when the diesel oil treated in step (1) is obtained from hydrotreated diesel oil stock.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing entrained mineral matter particles from shale-oil by contacting the shale-oil with an aqueous ammonium or phosphonium salt solution having a pH of about 0.5 to 8 and at a temperature from about 0.degree. C. to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of hydroxylamine, its acid salts or mixtures thereof to prevent fouling during the basic washing of hydrocarbons containing oxygenated compounds. More specifically, oxygenated compounds such as carbonyl containing organics have a tendency to polymerize, producing fouling elements when such are contained in hydrocarbons being washed with basic materials. The hydroxylamine and its salts are quite effective in reducing the fouling tendencies due to these specific mechanisms.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation and use of supported, manganese sulfide promoted molybdenum and tungsten sulfide catalysts useful for hydroprocessing processes, particularly hydrotreating. These catalysts are prepared by heating a composite of support material and precursor salt under oxygen-free conditions and in the presence of sulfur, wherein said precursor salt contains a thiometallate anion of Mo, W or mixture thereof and a cation comprising one or more promoter metals which are chelated by at least one neutral, nitrogen-containing polydentate ligand, and wherein said promoter metal comprises Mn alone or a mixture of Mn with Co, Ni, Zn, Cu or mixture thereof.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feeds are upgraded by contacting same, at elevated temperature and in the presence of hydrogen, with a self-promoted catalyst prepared by heating one or more water soluble catalyst precursors in a non-oxidizing atmosphere in the presence of sulfur at a temperature of at least about 200.degree. C. The precursors will be one or more compounds of the formula ML(Mo.sub.y W.sub.1-y O.sub.4) wherein M is one or more promoter metals selected from the group consisting essentially of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and mixtures thereof, wherein O.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1 and wherein L is a nitrogen containing, neutral multidentate, chelating ligand. In a preferred embodiment the ligand L will comprise one or more chelating alkyl di or triamines and the non-oxidizing atmosphere and to form the catalyst will comprise H.sub.2 S.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feeds are upgraded by contacting a feed, at elevated temperature and in the presence of hydrogen, with a self-promoted catalyst prepared by heating one or more catalyst precursors under oxygen-free conditions in the presence of sulfur at a temperature of at least about 150.degree. C. The catalyst precursors will be one or more compounds of the formula (ML)(Mo.sub.y W.sub.1-y S.sub.4) wherein M comprises one or more divalent promoter metals selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Zn, Cu and mixtures thereof, wherein y is any value ranging from 0 to 1 and wherein L is one or more neutral, nitrogen-containing ligands at least one of which is a chelating, polydentate ligand.

Abstract: A process for enhancement of the cetane number of a diesel fuel which in one embodiment comprises:(1) treating a diesel oil with a nitrogenous treating agent in a nitrogen amount, equivalent on a 100% nitric acid basis, to about 10 weight percent or less of the diesel oil feed;(2) removing unreacted nitrogenous treating agent from the diesel oil of step (1) to produce a treated diesel oil, and;(3) blending the treated diesel oil of step (2) with an untreated diesel oil to produce a blended diesel fuel such that the added nitrogen content in the blended diesel fuel is(a) about 300 ppm or less of nitrogen added when the diesel oil treated in step (1) is obtained from virgin diesel oil stock; or(b) about 450 ppm or less of nitrogen added when the diesel oil treated in step (1) is obtained from hydrotreated diesel oil stock.

Abstract: Process for extracting naphthenic acids from petroleum distillates having ASTM acid numbers of at least 0.2. The process uses a solvent system comprising liquid alkanols, water, and ammonia in certain critical ratios, which facilitates the selective extraction of naphthenic acids and easy separation of the solvent and extract from the extracted petroleum distillates.

Abstract: Nickel, aluminum and chlorine derivatives which remain dissolved in olefin oligomers, after oligomerization in the presence of a nickel, aluminum, and chlorine-containing catalysts, are removed by successive treatments with:(a) anhydrous ammonia,(b) an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide, a treatment with an aqueous solution containing at least one hydroxy-acid or at least one alkali metal salt of said hydroxyacid being performed after treatment (a) and before or after or simultaneously with treatment (b), and preferably a treatment with oxygen or with an oxygen-containing gas being performed before or after treatments (a) and (b) or simultaneously with these treatments. Preferably, tartaric acid or an alkali metal tartrate is used.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is removed from CO.sub.2 and hydrocarbon containing gaseous streams. In the instance where the hydrocarbons and CO.sub.2 are such that hydrocarbons would condense out during CO.sub.2 removal, the gas stream is treated in one or more stages to accomplish hydrocarbon composition control.

Abstract: A process for selectively removing nitrogen from petroleum distillate feedstocks, notably lube oil distillates or lube base stocks without significant desulfurization of said petroleum distillate feedstocks, especially lube oil distillates or lube base stocks, while hydrotreating the oil to improve odor, color, improve stability, and the like. In accordance therewith, a supported, non (metal-promoted) carbon-containing molybdenum sulfide HDN/HDS selective hydrotreating catalyst is formed from a precursor composite made by compositing a preselected quantity of a porous, refractory inorganic oxide with a complex salt characterized by the formula B.sub.x [MoO.sub.y S.sub.4-y ] where B is (a) an alkyl substituted diammonium ion, or (2) an alkyl substituted ammonium ion or quaternary ammonium ion; x is 1 where B is an alkyl substituted diammonium ion, or 2 where B is an alkyl substituted ammonium or quaternary ammonium ion; and y is 0, or a fraction or whole number ranging up to 3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removing contaminants such as arsenic from a hydrocarbonaceous fluid which consists essentially of the crude, or a fraction thereof, obtained from oil shale, solid coal, or tar sands by non-catalytically heat treating the hydrocarbonaceous fluid at a temperature of from about 20.degree. F. to about 600.degree. F. in the presence of an aqueous solution containing an agent that would convert such contaminants into components soluble in the aqueous solution. Particularly suitable agents to be utilized in the above aqueous solution to remove contaminants such as arsenic are ammonium sulfide type compounds. The purified hydrocarbonaceous fluid may be subjected to a catalytic hydrotreating process.

Abstract: A composition and method for reducing the pour point of syncrude, such as those from oil shale, tar sands, oil-impregnated diatomite ore, or coal, by adding thereto an effective amount of a nitrogen-containing compound such as ammonia, ammonium hydroxide or a primary, secondary or tertiary water-soluble aliphatic amine or alkanolamine having one or more alkyl groups containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An improvement in the production of low mineral content fuel by coal liquefaction processes which yield as a primary product a mixture of liquid and solids a part of which are suspended in the liquid whereby the separation of the suspended solids is facilitated by the addition of an effective amount of a suitable chelating agent to the mixture. The chelating agent is optionally added as a solution of the chelating agent in a suitable solvent and desirably is present in an amount from about 100 to about 150% of the stoichiometric amount required to react with the suspended solids in the mixture.

Abstract: An improvement in the solvent extraction of nonhydrocarbons from a synfuel liquid, e.g., shale oil, involves that the extract from the extractor, rather than being recycled directly back to the extractor, is first hydrotreated. A further improvement involves that a portion of the hydrotreated extract is fractionated and a light fraction is returned to the extractor. Use of the hydrotreated extract as recycle increases the efficiency of the extractor. A still further improvement involves the use as a selective solvent of one of the following: dialkylformamide, aldehydomorpholine, keto-morpholine, morpholine or an aliphatic aromatic ketone. These preferred solvents have the advantage of providing a clear interface between the extract and raffinate in the extractor. Removal of the nonhydrocarbons permits production of more hydrocarbons having enhanced utility as a jet fuel from a synfuel liquid than otherwise would be possible.

Abstract: A process for recovering bitumen, or heavy petroleum, from admixture with sand and similar inorganic materials wherein said bitumen-sand mixture is mixed with an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt selected from ammonium sulfite, ammonium bisulfite and mixtures thereof to form a second mixture comprising said aqueous ammonium salt solution, bitumen and sand; wherein said second mixture is heated to a temperature in the range of about 120.degree. F. (45.degree. C.) to about 260.degree. F. (127.degree. C.) and is separated into a bitumen phase free of sand, an aqueous phase and a sand phase.

Abstract: A process for the production of an essentially ash-free oil stock from a lubricating oil containing ash-forming components comprising(a) contacting said lubricating oil with an aqueous ammonium salt treating agent;(b) removing a major portion of the water from the mixture resulting from combining said aqueous solution and said lubricating oil;(c) heating at least a portion of the product resulting from step (b) at a temperature in the range of about 320.degree. to about 420.degree. C. for a period of time sufficient to decompose at least a portion of any ammonium salts of sulfonic acid and dialkyldithiophosphoric acid that are contained therein;(d) cooling the product from step (c) to a temperature in the range of about 150.degree. to about 180.degree. C.; and(e) separating the solids from the product of step (d), optionally with subsequent hydrotreating and stripping of the oil thus obtained.

Abstract: Ammonium sulfate-bisulfate solution contaminated with metal and other ash producing contaminants is treated by adjusting the pH of the solution to the range that produces a precipitate of the contaminant by the addition of ammonia or ammonium hydroxide; cooled to at least the temperature at which a precipitate is produced; removing the precipitate from the solution; the pH of the solution from which the precipitate has been removed is adjusted to the range at which precipitation is substantially completed by the addition of sulfuric acid; and the SO.sub.4.sup.= ion concentration and the NH.sub.4.sup.+ ion concentration of the solution are adjusted to the range of the solution before initial circulation to produce a solution in which the metal concentration has been sufficiently reduced to permit recycle for use in reclaiming used motor oils.

Abstract: A catalytic process for treating a mercaptan-containing sour petroleum distillate is disclosed. The distillate is contacted with a weakly basic anion exchange resin to separate a portion of the mercaptan content and substantially all of the acidic catalyst toxins or toxin precursors. The resulting distillate is subsequently treated in contact with a supported metal phthalocyanine catalyst in admixture with an oxidizing agent and an alkaline solution to convert the residual mercaptans to innocuous disulfides.

Abstract: Nitrogen trichloride produced in situ from the reaction of a chlorine source and a nitrogen source in a non-aqueous fluid is adsorbed on an adsorption media and serves to oxidize, bleach or deactivate contaminants and foreign matter of the fluid similarly adsorbed on said adsorption media.

Abstract: Heavy carbonaceous feeds, including various sulfur-containing heavy petroleum oils, are simultaneously desulfurized and subjected to hydroconversion by contacting these feedstocks with alkali metal oxides in a conversion zone maintained at elevated temperatures and in the presence of hydrogen. In this manner, the feeds are substantially desulfurized, and significant upgrading of the feedstocks is also obtained as demonstrated by decreased Conradson carbon, increased API gravity, and conversion of a substantial portion of the 1,050.degree. F+ portion of the feedstream. In addition, methods for the regeneration of the alkali metal oxides from the alkali metal sulfide salts produced in the reaction zone are disclosed.

Abstract: Sulfur-containing petroleum oil feedstocks which include heavy hydrocarbons constituents undergo simultaneous desulfurization and hydroconversion by contacting such feedstocks with sodamide in the presence of hydrogen and at elevated temperatures. The mixture of reaction products resulting from the above procedure can be separated to give sodium sulfur salts and a petroleum oil product which has been substantially desulfurized and demetallized and significantly upgraded as demonstrated by a reduced Conradson carbon content and an increased API gravity.

Abstract: Heavy petroleum oils, preferably whole crude or residua, are desulfurized and upgraded by contacting the petroleum oil with sodium oxide in the presence of hydrogen at elevated temperatures. The resulting mixture comprising desulfurized petroleum oil and a dispersion of sodium salts, primarily sodium sulfide and sodium hydroxide, is separated by conventional means and sodium oxide is regenerated from the salts.

Abstract: Sulfur-containing petroleum oil feedstocks which include heavy constituents undergo both desulfurization and hydroconversion by contacting such feedstocks with sodium hydride in the presence of hydrogen, at elevated temperatures. The mixture of reaction products resulting from the above procedure can be separated to give a petroleum oil product which has been desulfurized and demetallized and has a reduced Conradson carbon content and an increased API gravity relative to the feedstock, and a by-product of sodium sulfide salt.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the treatment of a petroleum charge stock which comprises the treatment of said petroleum charge stock with an aqueous solution containing a metal phthalocyanine compound and a compound selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal sulfide and an alkali metal sulfite.

Abstract: A process for reducing the ash content and the content of metals present in used motor oils by contacting the used motor oil with an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate and/or ammonium bisulfate under conditions to react with the metal compounds present to form separable solids. In another embodiment of the invention, the used motor oil after reaction with an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate and/or ammonium bisulfate can be further treated with an adsorbent and then optionally hydrotreated to produce an oil product suitable as a fuel or as a feedstock for lubricating oil compositions.