Abstract: The hydrorefining method of the invention is characterized by contacting, in the presence of hydrogen, a fuel stock comprising normal paraffins and oxygen-containing compounds, with a hydrorefining catalyst comprising a support containing USY zeolite and at least one solid acid selected from among silica-alumina, alumina-boria, silica-zirconia, silica-magnesia and silica-titania, and at least one metal selected from among metals of Group VIb and metals of Group VIII of the Periodic Table supported on the support.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relate to removal of mercury from crude oil. Such removal relies on transferring mercury from a liquid hydrocarbon stream to a natural gas stream upon contacting the liquid hydrocarbon stream with the natural gas stream. Processing of the natural gas stream after used to strip the mercury from the liquid hydrocarbon stream removes the mercury from the natural gas stream.

Abstract: The present invention provides adsorbents for deep denitrogenation/desulfurization of hydrocarbon oils, and more particularly to an adsorbent material that selectively adsorbs organonitrogen and organosulfur from transportation fuels at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing mercury from a liquid hydrocarbon stream by contacting the mercury-containing liquid hydrocarbon stream with ferrous halide at moderate temperatures and without preheating the liquid hydrocarbon stream, or subjecting the liquid hydrocarbon stream to a heat treating step, immediately prior to contact with the ferrous halide particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for neutralization of a cationic zeolite that is at least partially exchanged with one or more monovalent and/or multivalent cations. The neutralization process comprises at least the stages for dissolution of a basic salt in an anhydrous organic solvent, degassing this solution by bubbling a dry inert gas, suspending the zeolite in this solution under dry inert gas, filtering and washing the solid by an anhydrous organic solvent, and calcination in the presence of oxygen and under a dry gaseous stream. The invention also relates to the use of neutralized zeolites for the separation or the purification of hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: A process for removing contaminants and breaking emulsions in a feedstream comprising a crude source composition comprising unconventional or opportunity crude oil, the process comprising: providing the feedstream comprising the crude source composition comprising unconventional or opportunity crude oil, the feedstream comprising an emulsion comprising one or more contaminants, a salt content, and a water content; and, contacting the feedstream directly with one or more mesopore structured materials and one or more demulsifiers under conditions effective to separate a majority of the water content, the salt content, and the one or more contaminants from the feedstream, thereby breaking the emulsion and producing a purified hydrocarbon phase.

Abstract: An adsorbent composition comprising a nanostructured titanium oxide material of the formula TiO2-, where 0?×?1 with nanotubular and/or nanofibrilar morphology, high oxygen deficiency, having an orthorhombic JT crystalline phase described by at least one of the space groups 59 Pmmn, 63 Amma, 71Immm or 63 Bmmb, and comprising between 0 and 20 weight percent of a transition metal oxide is used for the selective adsorption of nitrogen compounds and/or sulfur compounds from light and intermediate petroleum fractions.

Abstract: Mesoporous crystalline alumina compositions and process for the preparation thereof are described. The compositions are useful as catalysts and absorbents.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a method for reducing the amount of sulfur in hydrocarbon streams comprising the steps of: (a) contacting a hydrocarbon stream comprising hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds with an adsorbent selective for adsorption of said sulfur compounds, under adsorption conditions capable of retaining said sulfur compounds on said adsorbent and obtaining an adsorption effluent comprising a desulfurized hydrocarbon stream, (b) collecting said desulfurized hydrocarbon stream, (c) desorbing said sulfur compounds from said adsorbent by passing a desorbent through said adsorbent under desorption conditions to obtain a desorption effluent comprising sulfur compounds and said desorbent, (d) treating said desorption effluent to remove said sulfur compounds from said desorption effluent and collecting a desulfurized desorbent effluent comprising desorbent.

Abstract: A process for the purification of a fluid stream containing a sulphur contaminant, such as hydrogen sulphide, and mercury, phosphine, stibine, and/or arsenic compounds as a second contaminant wherein said fluid stream is passed through a bed of a particulate absorbent containing a sulphide of a variable valency metal, especially copper, that is more electropositive than mercury, to remove said second contaminant and then the sulphur contaminant is removed from at least part of the effluent from that bed by passing that part of the effluent through a bed of a particulate sulphur absorbent comprising a compound selected from oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and basic carbonates of said variable valency metal is disclosed. The removal of the sulphur contaminant converts said variable valency metal compound to the corresponding sulphide. The resulting bed of variable valency metal sulphide is subsequently used for the removal of the second contaminant.

Abstract: Phosphates can be removed from a hydrocarbon stream by contacting said stream with a ceramic formed of a basic material which is insoluble in the hydrocarbon stream. A ceramic as used in this patent document is a solid solution formed by calcination of a compound. The removal of the organic acid is accomplished at temperatures ranging from 20.degree. C. to 400.degree. C., a preferred temperature is between 200.degree. C. and 370.degree. C. A hydrocarbon stream consists of C.sub.5 + hydrocarbons. The basic material can be made up of one or more alkaline earth oxides, alkaline earth compounds, alkaline metal compounds, group IIIA element compounds, group IVA element compounds, group VIA element compounds. Preferred alkaline earth oxides are sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, aluminum and silicon. The support for the basic material can be made from any inorganic oxide.

Abstract: A process for the purification of a fluid stream containing a sulphur contaminant, such as hydrogen sulphide, and mercury, phosphine, stibine, and/or arsenic compounds as a second contaminant wherein said fluid stream is passed through a bed of a particulate absorbent containing a sulphide of a variable valency metal, especially copper, that is more electropositive than mercury, to remove said second contaminant and then the sulphur contaminant is removed from at least part of the effluent from that bed by passing that part of the effluent through a bed of a particulate sulphur absorbent comprising a compound selected from oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and basic carbonates of said variable valency metal is disclosed. The removal of the sulphur contaminant converts said variable valency metal compound to the corresponding sulphide. The resulting bed of variable valency metal sulphide is subsequently used for the removal of the second contaminant.

Abstract: Hydroprocessing catalysts which comprise alumina and Group VIB and VIII metal components having a desired pore size/volume distribution and high surface area, i.e. above 330 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: Reducing the ash content of hydrocarbonaceous materials containing bound oxygen by reaction with an oxygen deficient source of an oxygen-reactive element, except oxygen and hydrogen, preferably an oxygen deficient compound of silicon.

Abstract: Trace amounts of mercury and its compounds present in hydrocarbon oil can be removed selectively and efficiently by bringing the hydrocarbon oils containing mercury and its compounds into contact with a certain treating agent after having heated such oils. Since the hydrocarbon oil from which mercury and its compounds have been removed does not contain catalyst poisons, such a hydrocarbon oil can be used extensively for catalytic reaction processes such as hydrogenation.

Abstract: We disclose a catalyst system which is capable of removing sodium from a hydrocarbon feed having at least 1 ppm oil-soluble sodium. It comprises a catalyst layer characterized as a fixed bed of catalyst particles having a low volume percent of their pore volume percent in the form of macropores above 1000 .ANG. in diameter, high surface area, and high hydrogenation activity. We also disclose a process of using the system.

Abstract: A process for the solvent deasphalting of asphaltene-containing hydrocarbons which comprising mixing asphaltene-containing hydrocarbons with a metal compound such as aluminum sulfate or titanium (IV) oxide and also with a solvent such as n-heptane, n-hexane, n-heptane or a mixed n-pentane.n-butanol solvent, to form a mixture which is then allowed to stand still to precipitate and separate the asphaltene therefrom thereby obtaining a deasphalted oil.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with substantially eliminating the deactivating effects of alkaline materials and metal contaminants and compounds thereof existing in crude oils by first desalting the crude oil and thereafter adding a select neutralizing and immobilizing metal component or compound thereof to said desalted crude oil prior to and/or during distillation thereof to obtain select fractions subsequently catalytically processed as by catalytic cracking with a crystalline zeolite containing catalyst.

Abstract: Heavy petroliferous stocks such as vacuum and atmospheric resids, tar sand oils, shale oils, liquids from conversion of coal and the like are concurrently distilled and hydroprocessed for removal of sulfur, nitrogen and metals and are hydrocracked or otherwise hydroprocessed in a packed distillation column under hydrogen pressure wherein the packing is constituted, at least to a substantial extent in both stripping and rectifying sections by catalyst suited to the desired conversions. In a specific application to catalytic hydrodewaxing of lubricating oil stocks, improvement of Viscosity Index (VI) of dewaxed product results.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon lubricating oils are upgraded by removing polar compounds contained therein and improving the oxidation stability thereof using an acidified sorbent, such as alumina, silica-alumina or bauxite treated with anhydrous HCl, anhydrous HBr, aqueous (NH.sub.4).sub.2 SO.sub.4 or H.sub.2 SO.sub.4. The acidified sorbent contains at least 3%, by weight of the acidified sorbent, of Cl.sup.-, Br.sup.- or SO.sub.4 .sup.= ions. The process of upgrading the lube oils is carried out at a temperature ranging from ambient to about 250.degree. F and LHSV of 0.1 - 10.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing a stabilized lubricating oil resistant to oxidation and sludge formation upon exposure to a highly oxidative environment, such as when metals are present and an overbased component is present in the lubricating oil, is provided. In the present process wherein a lubricating oil stock to be upgraded is contacted with elemental sulfur in the presence of a catalyst material selected from the group consisting of alumina, aluminosilicate, a metal of Groups II-A, II-B, VI-B or VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements, an oxide of a metal of Groups II-A, II-B, VI-B or VIII, a sulfide of a metal of Groups II-A, II-B, VI-B or VIII, clay, silica, silica combined with an oxide of a metal of Groups II-A, III-A, IV-B or V-B, and combinations thereof, at relatively low temperatures of from about 150.degree. to about 225.degree.

Abstract: A method for removing at least one impurity selected from the group consisting of arsenic and selenium from a synthetic crude oil or a fraction thereof by employing iron or cobalt, nickel, oxides in a coprecipitated solid matrix with aluminum oxide, in a hydrogen atmosphere, at a temperature of at least 300.degree. F, and in the substantial absence of water, whereby at least one of the arsenic and selenium is removed by way of iron or cobalt, oxide, or sulfide. Also disclosed is a method of preparation and use of a particularly preferred structural matrix in accordance with one embodiment of this invention.

Abstract: A process for the stabilization of indene against discoloration comprising adding to the indene a minor amount of an insoluble compound selected from the group consisting of neutral, acidic and basic inorganic salts, inorganic acids and organic acids.

Abstract: Alumina is reacted with magnesium chloride in accordance with the chemical reactionAl.sub.2 O.sub.3 + 3MgCl.sub.2 .fwdarw.3MgO + 2AlCl.sub.3In the presence of a mixed mass of inert solid contact material, such as a fluidized mass of magnesium oxide particles. The aluminum trichloride is recovered and is advantageously employed in the treatment of hydrocarbonaceous material, such as retorted shale oil, to improve the physical and/or chemical properties thereof. The substantially carbon and/or hydrocarbon free retorted aluminiferous oil shale is useful as the source of the alumina in the above chemical reaction.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon oil, particularly a heavy hydrocarbon oil, containing vanadium, nickel, sulfur and asphaltenes is brought into contact with red mud at an elevated temperature in the presence of hydrogen. The treatment removes vanadium, nickel and asphaltenes from oil in high yields.