Abstract: A process for removing metals in a petroleum oil material. The process comprises causing the petroleum oil material to react with a removing agent which comprises a phosphoric acid ester. A microwave irradiation environment was created during the reaction to provide the required energy essential for separating such contaminations from the oil chemical network. The process of the invention is applied at ambient pressure and low temperature compared to the conventional metal removal processes. The process of the invention can be readily scaled up and integrated into an industrial facility.

Abstract: An ionic liquid additive for lithium-ion battery An ionic liquid for adding to an electrolyte of a lithium-ion battery, the ionic liquid comprises a compound with a dual core structure having the general formula (I): wherein each of cationic group X1 and X2 are heterocyclic aromatic and amine.

Abstract: An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a process for solvent deasphalting dearomatization, said process including: effecting deasphaltenation of a heavy oil feed by contacting the feed with a paraffinic rich solvent, optionally, in presence of a FCC catalyst to obtain a deasphalted oil rich stream, said paraffinic rich solvent being untreated naphtha; contacting the DAO rich stream with a second solvent to obtain a raffinate stream rich in non-asphaltene and non-aromatic contents and a solvent rich stream; contacting the raffinate stream with water in a first decanter to obtain a first stream rich in aromatic-lean fraction and a second stream rich in the second solvent and water; subjecting the first stream to distillation to recover the paraffinic rich solvent and to obtain deasphalted oil; contacting the solvent rich stream with water in a second decanter to obtain an aromatic rich fraction and a third stream rich in the second solvent and water; and subjecting the second stream and the third stream

Abstract: Methods and systems of removing color bodies from vacuum gas oil. The methods and systems include mixing the oil and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) within one or more columns. After moving through the one or more columns, water and glycerin are added to the oil. A second portion of the NMP is removed from the oil as well as at least some of the water and at least some of the glycerin through at least one centrifuge.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting and hanging purses, handbags, jackets and the like from the edge of a table, desk or other elevated platform. A support hook is pivotally coupled within a housing into which the support hook may be stored. The housing comprises first and second planar panels in parallel, spaced relation to each other and is adapted to be positioned upon the top of the table, desk or surface adjacent the edge thereof. The planar panels are secured in parallel spaced relation to one another by at least a single interior wall. The support hook is pivotally coupled to a pivot block in a manner which permits it to be moved in planes both perpendicular and parallel to the housing panels. When not in use, the support hook may be positioned for storage between the planar panels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for recovering polar hydrocarbons from non-polar hydrocarbons, such as aromatics from non-aromatics, naphthenes from paraffins and isoparaffins, or olefins from paraffins and isoparaffins, in feed mixtures containing at least a measurable amount of heavier hydrocarbons. According to the invention, an improved extractive distillation (extractive-distillation) process is disclosed for recovering aromatic hydrocarbons including benzene, toluene, and xylenes from heavy (C9+) hydrocarbons. The invention also relates to an improved extractive-distillation process for recovering mainly benzene and toluene from the C6-C7 petroleum streams containing at least a measurable amount of C8+ hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An improved solvent regeneration system for extractive distillation and liquid-liquid extraction processes capable of effectively removing heavy hydrocarbons and polymeric materials that otherwise develop in a closed solvent loop. The improved process employs a light hydrocarbon displacement agent, which is at least partially soluble in the solvent to squeeze the heavy hydrocarbons and polymeric materials out of the solvent, with virtually no additional energy requirement. It has been demonstrated that the light non-aromatic hydrocarbons in the raffinate stream generated from the extractive distillation or the liquid-liquid extractive process for aromatic hydrocarbons recovery can displace not only the heavy non-aromatic hydrocarbons but also the heavy aromatic hydrocarbons from the extractive solvent, especially when the aromatic hydrocarbons in the solvent are in the C10+ molecular weight range.

Abstract: Improved methods for removing arsenic from starting liquid hydrocarbons are provided which comprise contacting the hydrocarbons with a composition containing a triazine component and a glycol ether component, allowing the composition to react with the arsenic to create a treated hydrocarbon fraction and an arsenic-rich fraction, and separating the treated fraction from the arsenic-rich fraction. Preferably, the treating composition also includes an alcohol, and is used at a level of from about 1-10,000 ppm.

Abstract: Improved methods for removing arsenic from starting liquid hydrocarbons are provided which comprise contacting the hydrocarbons with a composition containing a triazine component and a glycol ether component, allowing the composition to react with the arsenic to create a treated hydrocarbon fraction and an arsenic-rich fraction, and separating the treated fraction from the arsenic-rich fraction. Preferably, the treating composition also includes an alcohol, and is used at a level of from about 1-10,000 ppm.

Abstract: Extractive distillation processes whereby water-soluble extractive distillation (ED) solvents are regenerated and recovered employ improved operations of the extractive distillation column (EDC) so that polar hydrocarbons are recovered and purified from mixtures containing polar and less polar hydrocarbons and measurable amounts of hydrocarbons that are heavier than intended feedstock and/or polymers that are generated in the ED process. The improved process can effectively remove and recover the heavy hydrocarbons and/or remove polymer contaminants from the solvent in a closed solvent circulating loop through mild operating conditions with no additional process energy being expended. With the improved process, the overhead reflux of the EDC may be eliminated to further reduce energy consumption and to enhance the loading and performance within the upper portion of the EDC, especially when two liquid phases exists therein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for extraction of aromatic material from hydrocarbon oil by using a solvent mixture comprising N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP), at least one co-solvent and optionally water, to obtain a raffinate. The process of the present invention lowers operating cost as the cost of the co-solvent employed is lower than that of neat NMP. Another feature of the present invention is that it produces the same quality raffinate as those of neat NMP-water measured by the refractive index but produces higher yield of raffinate at same feed to solvent mixture ratio.

Abstract: A highly effective liquid-liquid extraction process to remove nitrogen compounds and especially basic nitrogen compounds from aromatic light petroleum oils with excellent recovery employs de-ionized water, which can be acidified, as the extractive solvent. The product is an aromatic hydrocarbon with ultra-low amounts of nitrogen poisons that can deactivate acidic catalysts. The extracted oils are suitable feedstock for the subsequent catalytic processes that are promoted with the high performance solid catalysts, which are extremely sensitive to nitrogen poison.

Abstract: A process for recovering polar hydrocarbons from non-polar hydrocarbons, such as aromatics from non-aromatics, naphthenes from paraffins and isoparaffins, or olefins from paraffins and isoparaffins, in feed mixtures containing at least a measurable amount of heavier hydrocarbons. This improved extractive distillation (ED) process recovers aromatic hydrocarbons including benzene, toluene, and xylenes from the C6-C8 petroleum streams containing a measurable amount of C9+ hydrocarbons. The ED process also recovers benzene and toluene from the C6-C7 petroleum streams containing a measurable amount of C8+ hydrocarbons. The ED solvent utilized to recover and purify the aromatic hydrocarbons from the petroleum stream with a heavier than intended feedstock of hydrocarbons is also regenerated and recovered.

Abstract: A continuous process for isolating butenes from a C4 fraction comprising butanes, butenes and other C3-C5-hydrocarbons by extractive distillation using a selective solvent (LM), comprising a first process stage I in a scrubbing zone (E) and a second process stage II in a degassing zone (A), wherein the liquid or a substream of the liquid is taken off from the degassing zone (A) at a theoretical plate located one or more theoretical plates below the feed point for the bottom stream (LM/C4H8) from the scrubbing zone (E), heated and/or vaporized by indirect heat exchange with the hot bottom stream (LM) from the degassing zone (A) and returned to the degassing zone (A) at the same theoretical plate or above this, with the theoretical plate from which the liquid or substream of liquid is taken off being selected so that the total energy requirement in the process stages I and II is minimized, is proposed.

Abstract: This application relates to a composite solvent for separating aromatics by extractive distillation, comprising a main solvent, a solutizer and a modifier. Said solutizer is selected from any one or mixtures of any two of C8–C11 aromatics having different number of carbon atoms, the content of which is 3–39 wt %, and the number of carbon atoms of the lowest aromatic in the solutizer should be greater than that of the highest aromatic in the aromatics to be separated. When the solutizer is selected from any one of C8–C11 aromatics, the composite solvent contains 0.01–10.0 wt % of the modifier; when the solutizer is selected from mixtures of any two of C8–C11 aromatics having different number of carbon atoms, the composite solvent contains 0–10.0 wt % of the modifier. Said main solvent and modifier are independently selected from sulfolane derivatives, N-formyl morpholine, and N-methyl pyrrolidone, provided that the acidity and basicity of the modifier are opposite to those of the main solvent.

Abstract: A process for upgrading hydrocarbonaceous oil containing heteroatom-containing compounds where the hydrocarbonaceous oil is contacted with a solvent system that is a mixture of a major portion of a polar solvent having a dipole moment greater than about 1 debye and a minor portion of water to selectively separate the constituents of the carbonaceous oil into a heteroatom-depleted raffinate fraction and heteroatom-enriched extract fraction. The polar solvent and the water-in-solvent system are formulated at a ratio where the water is an antisolvent in an amount to inhibit solubility of heteroatom-containing compounds and the polar solvent in the raffinate, and to inhibit solubility of non-heteroatom-containing compounds in the extract. The ratio of the hydrocarbonaceous oil to the solvent system is such that a coefficient of separation is at least 50%.

Abstract: An improved furfural extraction process for lube oil base-stock production from hydrocarbon oils containing aromatic type material by the addition of a solvent comprising of furfural and a co-solvent, said process being conducted in a continuous countercurrent extraction column that facilitates phase separation and increases the raffinate yield while maintaining the same raffinate quality measured by raffinate refractive index.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the extraction of aromatics from petroleum fractions i.e. naphtha, kerosene and gas oil, using re-extraction route for recovery of solvent.

Abstract: Processes for producing a purified conjugated diene comprise feeding a petroleum fraction containing the conjugated diene to an extractive distillation column, feeding an extraction solvent to the extractive distillation column, and extractive-distilling the conjugated diene from the petroleum fraction containing the conjugated diene in the extractive distillation column. The extraction solvent comprises an amide compound, and a heterocyclic aldehyde, aromatic nitro compound or aromatic aldehyde is contained in the extraction solvent within a range of 0.01 to 10 wt. % based on the weight of the extractive solvent. An oxygen concentration in a gas phase of a distillate discharged from the top of the extraction distillation column is controlled to 10 ppm or lower.

Abstract: A C4-hydrocarbon mixture essentially containing 1,3-butadiene, butenes, butanes and other C4-hydrocarbons is separated into at least 4 fractions, a) the fraction (a) essentially comprising 1,3-butadiene, b) the fraction (b) essentially comprising butenes, c) the fraction (c) essentially comprising butanes and d) one or more fractions (d) essentially comprising 1,3-butadiene and the other C4-hydrocarbons, by extractive distillation by means of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone or an aqueous solution of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP).

Abstract: A process for reducing the Mutagenicity Index and/or the PCA content of a lubricating oil extract by re-extracting a lubricating oil extract with a second extraction solvent, different from the first extraction solvent, to form a secondary raffinate and a secondary extract mix; separating the secondary raffinate from the secondary extract mix; and separating the secondary raffinate and the secondary extract from said second extraction solvent.

Abstract: An extraction process and an apparatus for separating aromatic compounds contained in a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock where the feedstock feed into the lower part of an extraction column is brought into intimate countercurrent contact therein with a third liquid and at least partially with at least one structured packing element (31) of the static mixer type contained in the upper part of the extraction column. Such third liquid (feed to the top of said column) is in the form of a solvent which is immiscible with the feedstock except for being capable of extracting the aromatic compounds. At least part of the extract phase rich in solvent and aromatic compounds is separated by liquid--liquid separation (26), preferably by gravity type decantation, into a phase rich in solvent and essentially depleted of raffinate, which is removed, and a phase rich in raffinate and impoverished in solvent, which is recycled to the extraction step. The extraction process is typically to be used to formulate lubricant oils.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved selective solvent extraction process wherein a hydrocarbon feed stream containing a mixture of aromatics and non-aromatics is contacted with an aromatics selective solvent in an extraction zone to produce an aromatics rich extract phase and an aromatics lean raffinate phase, water in a carefully controlled amount is added to the recovered extract phase resulting in the separation of the extract phase into a hydrocarbon rich pseudo-raffinate which is recycled to the extraction zone for processing with fresh feed and an increased yield of raffinate of higher quality than is obtained without pseudo-raffinate recycle.

Abstract: The process for separating an aromatic from an entry hydrocarbon mixture also containing nonaromatics, by an extractive distillation method using an extractive distillation column with a selective solvent consisting essentially of an N-substituted Morpholine having substituents each of which contain no more than seven carbon atoms, includes distilling off the nonaromatics from the top of the extractive distillation column as a top product, drawing the aromatic and selective solvent from the extractive distillation column and subsequently separating the selective solvent from the aromatic in a separator column. The extractive distillation column is provided with an additional column portion for separation of a selective solvent residue from the separated nonaromatics without a separate top product distillation column.

Abstract: In the method for the production of an aromate concentrate suitable for use as blending component for gasifier fuel, feed hydrocarbon mixtures having boiling ranges substantially between 40.degree. and 170.degree. C., are subjected, without any previous separation into individual fractions, to an extractive distillation employing N-substituted morpholine, substituents of which display no more than seven C-atoms, as selective solvent. Herewith, the lower boiling non-aromates with a boiling range up to about 105.degree. C., practically completely, and most of the higher boiling non-aromates with a boiling range between about 105.degree. and 160.degree. C., are recovered as raffinate, whereas the aromates, which are to be employed in whole or in part as blending component, come down in the extract of the extractive distillation.

Abstract: The process for production of an aromate concentrate for use as a blending component for gasification fuel includes subjecting another feed hydrocarbon mixture to an extractive distillation using N-substituted morpholines as selective solvent in a extractive distillation column. Low-boiling non-aromates with a boiling range up to about 105.degree. C. practically completely and higher-boiling non-aromates with a boiling range between about 105.degree. and 160.degree. C. to a substantial extent are discharged as a raffinate from the top of the extractive distillation column. The extract bottoms from the extractive distillation are fed to a solvent stripping column where the solvent is at least partially recovered from other hydrocarbons. To eliminate condensation and polymerization products due to components with a boiling point over 170.degree. C.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon oils, particularly petroleum oils, more particularly lube, transformer, white oil and other specialty oils can be extracted to remove aromatic hydrocarbon components therefrom using a combination polar extraction solvent, such as n-methyl pyrrolidone phenol or furfural, preferably NMP in combination with aliphatic-aromatics, polar naphthenes or morpholine, preferably alkylbenzene, mixed extraction solvent.The combination of polar extraction solvent and aliphatic-aromatic, polar naphthene or morpholine extraction solvent mixture contains and from 1 to up to but not including 10 LV % aliphatic-aromatic, polar naphthene or morpholine and mixtures thereof, preferably from 2.5 to less than 10% aliphatic-aromatic, polar naphthene or morpholine and from 0 to 10 LV % water, the amount of polar extraction solvent being suitably adjusted to reflect the presence of the water.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the separation of aromates from hydrocarbon mixtures of optional aromate content through extractive distillation using N-substituted morpholine displaying substituents having no more than 7 C-atoms as selective solvent. Part of the solvent is delivered to the uppermost plate of the extractive distillation column and the remainder of the solvent, preferably amounting to between 10 and 40% by weight, is introduced into the extractive distillation column in at least two partial streams onto plates above the inlet for the hydrocarbon mixture. The temperature of the respective solvent partial streams is adjusted to neither exceed the temperature of the corresponding delivery plates nor fall below this temperature by more than 10.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for upgrading diesel oil comprising the steps of:(1) reacting the diesel oil with a nitrogenous treating agent;(2) contacting the diesel oil from step (1) above with(a) a primary solvent selected from the group consisting of organic solvents having a dipole moment of about 1.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the separation of aromates from hydrocarbon mixtures employed as entry products, by means of extractive distillation, employing as selective solvent N-substituted morpholine, the substitutions of which display no more than 7 C atoms. The raffinate produced as top product of the extractive distillation is subjected to a distillation, whereby the produced sump product with a solvent content between 20-75% by weight and a temperature between 20.degree.-70.degree. C., is led into a separation container and there separated into a heavy and a light phase. The heavy phase is then recycled into the extractive distillation column, whereas the light phase is recycled into the raffinate distillation column.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the separation of an aromatic hydrocarbon from a hydrocarbon mixture of varying aromatic content, by means of extractive distillation, employing as a selective solvent, an N-substituted morpholine, wherein the N-substituent contains up to 7 carbon atoms. In the entry product, the weight ratio of light non-aromatic hydrocarbons to heavy non-aromatic hydrocarbon should amount to at least 0.4 to 1. The light non-aromatic hydrocarbon necessary for adjustment of this ratio can be either introduced directly into the lower part of the extractive distillation column, or added to the entry product before introducing the latter to the extractive distillation column.

Abstract: This invention relates to a low energy process for the solvent extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon streams containing the same, using as the solvent N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone together with small amounts of water. This solvent may be recovered from the aromatics by cooling the aromatic/solvent mixture, and adding water, whereby separation takes place without distillation. The solvent may then be separated from the water by heating the solvent/water mixture.

Abstract: Corrosion of the process equipment in solvent extraction units utilizing N methyl-2-pyrrolidone as the selective extraction solvent is significantly reduced by means of a sacrificial metal contacting zone or bed containing a metal or metal alloy with a higher electro chemical potential than the metals used in the extraction unit vessels and lines. Preferred sacrificial metals are magnesium, zinc, calcium, barium, and strontium, most preferably magnesium, as metal strips, shavings, ribbons, sponge, filings, chips, blocks, bricks, etc.

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbons are separated from a mixture thereof with paraffinic hydrocarbons by solvent extraction with N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone containing a minor amount of water at specified elevated temperatures and pressures. Temperature variations within the specified range have little effect on the loading capacity and selectivity of the solvent thus greatly simplifying process control.

Abstract: A lubricating oil solvent refining process employing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as solvent in which solvent is recovered from a solvent-oil mixture in a staged series of vaporization zones at progressively increasing pressure with external heat supplied only to the vaporization stage having the highest pressure followed by vacuum flash vaporization and inert gas stripping of further portions of the solvent from the extract wherein the partially denuded extract from the vacuum flash vaporization stage is heated in the presence of inert gas prior to introduction into the inert gas stripping zone.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method of reducing the amount of corrosion resulting in a petroleum process operation wherein N-methyl pyrrolidone is utilized as one of the components by adding an effective corrosion inhibiting amount of an ester additive formed from a polycarboxylic acid and glycol or glycerol, preferably a dimer acid of linoleic acid and diethylene glycol.

Abstract: A lubricating oil solvent refining process employing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as solvent in which solvent is recovered from a solvent-oil mixture in a staged series of vaporization zones at progressively increasing pressure with external heat supplied only to the vaporization stage having the highest pressure and control of vaporization in the lower pressure stages is effected by passing a minor portion of the vapors from the highest pressure stage to the lowest pressure stage. A high temperature vacuum flash vaporization zone may follow the high pressure vaporization stage with external heat supplied to the vacuum flash vaporization zone.

Abstract: A process for the substantially complete recovery of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent from the raffinate and extract products of solvent refining of a petroleum base lubricating oil stock by vaporization of the major portion of the solvent from the product followed by extraction of a minor portion of the solvent with water. The process results in substantially complete removal of solvent from the refined oil and extract products and results in energy savings as compared with conventional processes.

Abstract: It has been discovered that extraction processes which employ solvents to separate components from a feed stream and which solvents are themselves recovered by stripping from the thus produced extract or raffinate or both are improved in that the solvent is stripped from the extract, raffinate or both by the use of steam which has been previously distilled from a major portion of the process stream in one of the initial stages of the solvent recovery process, which steam rather than being vented or condensed for disposal is employed as a replacement for specifically generated fresh steam. This recycle steam is employed to strip any residual solvent from the extract, the raffinate or both. The steam and any residual solvent thus stripped is recycled from the extract stripper, raffinate stripper or both to the input feed of the solvent recovery train.

Abstract: A process for solvent extraction of higher aromatic hydrocarbon oils with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone wherein N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is separated from a solvent-extract mix in a series of distillation steps with recirculation of a portion of a partially stripped extract mix from an intermediate distillation step to the extraction step to improve the solvent-oil ratio in the extraction step and conserve energy as compared with conventional processes in which the solvent power of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is moderated by incorporating water in the solvent.

Abstract: A solvent refining process utilizing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as solvent in which the extract from the solvent extraction zone is cooled to form two immiscible liquid phases, a secondary extract phase and a secondary raffinate phase. The secondary raffinate phase is returned to the extraction zone resulting in increased yield of refined oil product and savings in energy required for the process.

Abstract: A dual solvent refining process for solvent refining petroleum based lubricating oil stocks with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as selective solvent for aromatic oils wherein a highly paraffinic oil having a narrow boiling range approximating the boiling point of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is employed as a backwash solvent. The process of the invention results in an increased yield of refined lubricating oil stock of a predetermined quality and simplifies separation of the solvents from the extract and raffinate oil fractions.

Abstract: A solvent refining process utilizing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as solvent in which primary extract from the extraction zone is cooled to form a secondary raffinate and secondary extract and the secondary and primary raffinates are blended to produce an increased yield of product of desired quality. In a preferred embodiment of the process, the lubricating oil feedstock to the process is first contacted with a stripping medium previously used in the process for the recovery of solvent from at least one of the product streams whereby solvent contained in said stripping medium is recovered therefrom.

Abstract: Lubricating oils suitable for use in refrigeration equipment in admixture with fluorinated hydrocarbon refrigerants are produced by solvent extraction of naphthenic lubricating oil base stocks, cooling the resulting extract mixture, optionally with the addition of a solvent modifier, to form a secondary raffinate and a secondary extract, and recovering a dewaxed oil fraction of lowered pour point from the secondary raffinate as a refrigeration oil product.The process of the invention obviates the need for a separate dewaxing operation, such as dewaxing with urea, as conventionally employed for the production of refrigeration oils.

Abstract: An improvement in the solvent extraction of nonhydrocarbons from a synfuel liquid, e.g., shale oil, involves that the extract from the extractor, rather than being recycled directly back to the extractor, is first hydrotreated. A further improvement involves that a portion of the hydrotreated extract is fractionated and a light fraction is returned to the extractor. Use of the hydrotreated extract as recycle increases the efficiency of the extractor. A still further improvement involves the use as a selective solvent of one of the following: dialkylformamide, aldehydomorpholine, keto-morpholine, morpholine or an aliphatic aromatic ketone. These preferred solvents have the advantage of providing a clear interface between the extract and raffinate in the extractor. Removal of the nonhydrocarbons permits production of more hydrocarbons having enhanced utility as a jet fuel from a synfuel liquid than otherwise would be possible.

Abstract: An improved process for solvent refining lubricating oil base stocks from petroleum fractions containing both aromatic and non-aromatic constituents utilizing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a selective solvent for aromatic hydrocarbons wherein the refined oil fraction and the extract fraction are freed of final traces of solvent by stripping with gaseous ammonia.The process has several advantages over conventional processes including a savings in energy required for the solvent refining process, and reduced corrosion of the process equipment.

Abstract: A method of denitrogenating viscous oils containing a relatively high content of nitrogenous compounds and of disposing of a resulting high nitrogen content oil stream, characterized by forming a raw oil stream and a first viscous bottoms stream that would not be operably pumpable to a partial oxidation unit without the inclusion of viscosity lowering constituents; extracting the nitrogenous compounds from the raw oil stream with an operable acid solvent to produce a raffinate oil of low nitrogen content oil and an extract stream of low viscosity, high nitrogen content oil; recovering the acid solvent from the extract stream, simultaneously producing a small volume stream of low viscosity, high nitrogen content oil; admixing the low viscosity high nitrogen content oil with the high viscosity bottoms stream to provide a pumpable mixed stream; sending the mixed stream to a partial oxidation unit to produce hydrogen; employing the produced hydrogen for hydrogenation of the raffinate oil at mild conditions; and r

Abstract: An improved process for removing H.sub.2 S from a hydrofiner tail gas wherein said tail gas is passed into a scrubbing zone wherein it is contacted with liquid NMP to remove most of the H.sub.2 S from the gas to form an H.sub.2 S-rich NMP solution and the H.sub.2 S-rich NMP solution is heated and passed into a stripping zone to remove most of the H.sub.2 S from the NMP to form an H.sub.2 S-lean NMP solution, extracting a hydrocarbon oil with an NMP solution, recovering hot liquid, NMP from said extracted oil and combining it with said H.sub.2 S-lean NMP solution and wherein said combined solution comprises at least a portion of said NMP solution used to extract said oil, wherein the improvement comprises heating the H.sub.2 S-rich NMP solution to the required stripping temperature by indirectly contacting same, in heat exchange relationship, with at least a portion of said combined NMP solution.This process is especially useful for scrubbing H.sub.

Abstract: In order to prevent corrosion of the apparatus in extraction and extractive distillation processes where N-substituted morpholine is employed as the selective solvent an additive is added to the solvent which additive consists of (a) phosphoric acid, (b) a salt thereof, (c) a vanadium compound, (d) a molybdenum compound or (e) a mixture of two or more of these compounds, the addition being effected in an amount of about 0.005 to 0.02% by weight of the morpholine solvent.

Abstract: Process for the extraction of diene or aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum hydrocarbon fractions employing sulfonamides as solvents. Also described are new sulfonamides useful as solvents for the extraction process.