Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the recovery of hydrocarbon oils from other heavier oils such as vacuum residua and, more particularly, to an improved process for deasphalting petroleum oils containing those asphalts. In one aspect of the invention, the process treats a solvent which has contacted the heavy oil with a gaseous antisolvent to separate effectively and usually without distillation, the solvent from the extracted oil. The deasphalted oil product typically will have low metals contaminants and enhanced MCR. Utilities or energy requirements for the process may be improved over prior art processes.

Abstract: A method of recovering light organic solvent from a liquid mixture containing the solvent and a product material, such as asphaltenes or coal liquefaction products. The solvent-product material mixture is treated to separate a first vapor phase rich in solvent and a first liquid phase rich in product material. The first liquid phase is then intimately contacted with steam, under shearing conditions, in a static or dynamic mixer. The steam-liquid phase mixture is then treated to separate a second vapor phase, rich in steam and solvent, and a second liquid phase, rich in product material and substantially depleted of solvent. Solvent is recovered from the first and second vapor phases.

Abstract: Nitrogen and sulfur contaminants are removed from an aqueous stream containing the same by steam stripping the aqueous stream to produce a first vapor stream, containing water and a major portion of NH.sub.3 and H.sub.2 S, reducing the temperature of the first vapor stream to a temperature at which a substantial portion of H.sub.2 S is insoluble in water to produce a second vapor stream, containing a major portion of the H.sub.2 S, and a second liquid stream, containing a major portion of the NH.sub.3, and separating the second vapor and liquid streams. The second liquid stream is added to a fluid containing acidic materials to reduce corrosion and the formation of solid deposits. Preferably, the aqueous stream is obtained from refinery operations and the fluid containing acidic materials is the overhead of a crude oil fractional distillation step.

Abstract: A C.sub.4 and/or C.sub.5 olefinic hydrocarbon cut, containing dimethyl ether and water as impurities, in a relative proportion of dimethyl ether to water of at most 5:1, is purified in a distillation zone where it is introduced at an intermediate level, distant from the top or from the bottom thereof by at least 3 theoretical plates, optionally with a stripping gas, and separated into a overhead fraction comprising an aqueous liquid phase and a hydrocarbon liquid phase at least partially recycled as reflux to the upper part of the distillation zone, and a bottom fraction formed of the purified C.sub.4 and/or C.sub.5 olefinic cut.

Abstract: Hydrogen partial pressure in the distilled vapor phase in a stripper is maintained sufficienty to allow a smooth distillation processing whereby an efficient crude oil stripping is performed. The distillate overhead thus produced is maintained at a temperature high enough for direct feeding to a subsequent hydrotreating process by means of a reflux cooler installed at the top of the stripper.

Abstract: A method for improving the separation of a feed into a distillate and a bottoms product is disclosed. The subject invention includes a first distillation zone and a second distillation zone, each having rectification and stripping zones. Bottoms from the first stripping zone are passed into the second distillation zone. Distillate from the second rectification zone is removed utilizing a fluid evacuation means and returned to the first stripping zone.

Abstract: A novel process for the purification of used oil comprising removing the ash-forming components, then subjecting the oil to vacuum fractionation. A novel vacuum fractionation column is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention involves a process for substantially separating the components of mixtures of substances at least one of which is of low volatility while the other is of low or no volatility, the process using a compressed gas under supercritical conditions and an entrainer which increases the concentration of said mixture in the gaseous phase as well as the separation factor between the components to be separated. The process operates in two distillation zones the first of which substantially separates the components of low volatility in a process similar to a rectification process while the second distillation zone separates the top product of the first distillation zone from the gas with the aid of the entrainer which is condensed partially and in this state is passed in countercurrent to the gas carrying the separated component of low volatility.

Abstract: The invention provides an improvement in the conventional operation of a vacuum pipestill, whereby when used with, for example, an atmospheric residuum either (a) conventional yields are obtainable with less stripping steam utilization, or (b) a deeper cut into the residuum is obtainable for conventional steam utilization. Some of the gaseous mixture normally withdrawn from the top of the vacuum pipestill for washing and removal is fed into compression and recycle means and recycled to the stripping zone of the pipestill to replace, or augment, the conventionally used stripping steam.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process, wherein polyolefins are freed from saturated liquid residual hydrocarbons with the aid of water and steam. The improvement comprisesA. introducing the hydrocarbon-containing polyolefin into an aqueous emulsifier-containing solution having a surface tension at 20.degree. C. of about 50 to 60 dynes/cm with respect to air; stirring the resulting mixture and converting it to a homogeneous dispersion, the aqueous dispersion containing about 10 to 40 weight % of the polyolefin;B. introducing the dispersion into the upper portion of a column provided with 5 to 30 sieve plates and overflow weirs and contacting the dispersion in countercurrent fashion with steam of about 100.degree. to 120.degree. C.

Abstract: A sequential twin tower fractionation arrangement for separating crude oil is described which is particularly concerned with lowering fractionation heat requirements in conjunction with reducing steam utilization in the combination operation.

Abstract: A fractionation process wherein a fractionation column is maintained at a subatmospheric pressure through the use of a steam-jet ejector. Water drawn off the overhead receiver of the fractionation column is vaporized by indirect heat exchange to form the moderate pressure steam charged to the ejector. The effluent of the ejector is passed through a condenser, and the resultant condensate is recycled to the overhead receiver by admixture with the overhead vapor stream of the fractionation column. The disposal of hydrocarbon-contaminated aqueous overhead liquid is thereby minimized.

Abstract: The process of separating water and wash oil from a gaseous feed stream of water vapor, wash oil and light oil involving (a) directing the gaseous feed stream in an upward direction and in contact with a cooling solid surface such that a temperature gradient of the gaseous stream is produced such that the temperature of the gaseous stream is highest at the bottom of the cooling solid surface such that gaseous components of the gaseous stream having the highest boiling temperature condense onto the lower portions of the cooling solid surface and wherein the lower boiling components of the gaseous stream condense onto the solid surface at higher portions on the solid surface to thereby form a liquid film on the solid surface, which film then runs downward onto the lower portions of the solid surface to thereby inhibit deposits from adhering to these lower portions of the solid surface; (b) withdrawing a gaseous stream containing a major portion of light oil; and (c) withdrawing a liquid condensate which contain

Abstract: Apparatus and a process are provided whereby constituents of liquid mixtures eg non-distillate oils are vaporized under non-decomposing conditions in the presence of gases. Liquid components form a stream comprising the gas, vaporized and liquid constituents of the mixture are removed from the stream. Process may be employed to provide a vaporized feedstock for the non-catalytic thermal hydrogenation of hydrocarbon-based materials in the production of methane containing gases wherein the gas used for vaporization is the same as that used for the subsequent hydrogenation steps.

Abstract: Adjustment and control of a product fraction stream and especially gas oil are effected by a control unit after processing information supplied by an analyzer which takes a direct measurement of the temperature of filtrability of the stream and by detectors which deliver signals representing the flow rate of the gas oil withdrawn, the rate of withdrawn of the next higher product stream, the flow rate of the crude petroleum being processed, the flow rate of the stripping vapor and of the next lower product stream, and the slope of the distillation curve of the crude petroleum in the gas oil zone.