Abstract: In the preparation of a heavy oil with a low Ramsbottom Carbon Test (RCT) from a long residue by a two-stage process comprising catalytic hydrotreatment followed by solvent deasphalting and recycle of the asphalt to the first stage the catalytic hydrotreatment for RCT reduction in the first stage is carried out at such a severity that the C.sub.4.sup.- gas production per percent RCT reduction is kept between defined limits.

Abstract: A process for producing a pitch used as a raw material for producing carbon fibers is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of carrying out catalytic cracking of a hydrogenated residual oil prepared by hydrogenation treatment of a petroleum heavy residual oil or a mixture composed of said hydrogenated residual oil and a hydrogenated distillate oil which is prepared by hydrogenation treatment of a reduced pressure distillate oil prepared by reduced pressure distillation of the petroleum heavy residual oil. The resulting cracking oil is then distilled to produce a high boiling point fraction having a boiling point of 300.degree. C. or more. The fraction is then subjected to thermal modification. The pitch is then utilized to produce carbon fibers which have desirable characteristics. The process is advantageous in that it makes possible the use of a wide variety of different types of oils in order to produce a pitch which can be utilized in producing carbon fibers having desirable characteristics.

Abstract: A process for producing a pitch which is used as a raw material for producing carbon fibers is disclosed. The process comprises subjecting a petroleum heavy residual oil to hydrogenation treatment in the presence of catalysts, removing a low boiling point fraction of the oil by reduced pressure distillation, subjecting the resulting reduced pressure distillation residual oil to solvent extraction treatment, and carrying out thermal modification of the resulting extraction component.By utilizing the process for producing the pitch it is possible to use a wide variety of different types of oils in order to produce carbon fibers. The carbon fibers produced from the pitch produced according to the disclosed process have desirable characteristics.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a heavy oil with a low Ramsbottom Carbon Test (RCT) from a long residue by (a) catalytic hydrotreatment for RCT reduction at such severity that the C.sub.4.sup.- gas production per percentage RCT reduction is kept between defined limits, followed by (b) solvent deasphalting of the (vacuum or atmospheric) distillation residue of the hydrotreated product.

Abstract: A homogeneous, optically anisotropic pitch used for the production of carbon materials is prepared from a starting oil comprising a substantially chloroform-insoluble matter-free oily or tarry substance. The starting oil is subjected to thermal cracking and polycondensation to form approximately 20-80% of optically anisotropic phase pitch.

Abstract: A process and a product of the process for preparing a pitch suitable for carbon artifact manufacture features a pitch having a weight content of between 80 and 100 percent toluene insolubles. The pitch is derived from a substantially deasphaltenated middle fraction of a feedstock, such as a coal distillate. The middle fraction is rich in 3, 4, 5 and 6 polycondensed aromatic rings. The pitch is characterized as being relatively free of impurities and ash.

Abstract: A low melting point, low molecular weight, heptane insoluble, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene soluble mesophase pitch useful in carbon fiber spinning as such or as a plasticizer in a carbon fiber spinning composition is obtained by heating chrysene, triphenylene or paraterphenyl as well as mixtures thereof and hydrocarbon fractions containing the same, dissolving the resulting heat treated material with 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and separating the insolubles, and then contacting the 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene soluble fraction with a sufficient amount of heptane to precipitate the low melting point, low molecular weight mesophase pitch.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an improved method for continuous thermal cracking of heavy petroleum oil, which can achieve a high degree of cracking in a column-like reactor of relatively small size and provides residual pitch rich in .beta.-resin components and lean in gas mixed therein. The above method comprises charging preheated heavy oil into an upper reaction zone of an upright cylindrical continuous reactor, which is divided into upper and lower reaction zones by means of a partition plate, drawing the resultant cracked gas and oil vapor from the upper reaction zone, and discharging residual pitch through the bottom of the lower reaction zone.

Abstract: A process and a product of the process for preparing a pitch suitable for carbon artifact manufacture features a pitch having a weight content of between 80 and 100 percent toluene insolubles. The pitch is derived from a deasphaltenated middle fraction of a steam cracker tar feedstock. The middle fraction is rich in 2, 3, 4, and 5 polycondensed aromatic rings. The pitch is characterized as being relatively free of impurities and ash.

Abstract: A process for removing asphaltenes present in cat cracker bottoms is disclosed. Basically, the process requires removal of at least a portion of the polynuclear aromatic oils present in the cat cracker bottom, for example, by vacuum stripping, whereby the asphaltenes are thereafter capable of being extracted from the so-treated cat cracker bottom. Heat soaking of the asphaltene-free cat cracker bottom results in a pitch particularly suitable for carbon artifact manufacture.

Abstract: A process and a product of the process for preparing a pitch suitable for carbon artifact manufacture features a pitch having a weight content of between 80 and 100 percent toluene insolubles. The pitch is derived from a deasphaltenated middle fraction of a feedstock, such as a cat cracker bottom. The middle fraction is rich in 4, 5 and 6 polycondensed aromatic rings. The pitch is characterized as being relatively free of impurities and ash.

Abstract: A feedstock for carbon artifact manufacture is obtained by heat soaking a steam cracker tar or component thereof in a hydrogen atmosphere and thereafter removing 10% to 50% of the oils present therein, if any.

Abstract: A process for producing a carbon fiber includes the steps of heat treating a selected precursor material under high pressure, thereafter solvent extracting the treated precursor material to obtain mesophase pitch, spinning the mesophase pitch into at least one pitch fiber, thermosetting the pitch fiber, and carbonizing the pitch fiber to obtain the carbon fiber.

Abstract: A starting pitch for carbon fibers, obtained by (A) mixing (1) a heavy fraction oil boiling at not lower than 200.degree. C. obtained at the time of steam cracking of petroleum with (2) a hydrogenated oil selected from aromatic hydrocarbons of 2-10 rings in which the nuclei have been hydrogenated and specific fractions boiling at 160.degree.-650.degree. C. and containing such nuclei-hydrogenated hydrocarbons and then (B) heat treating the resulting mixed oil at 370.degree.-480.degree. C. and 2-50 Kg/cm.sup.2.G to obtain the starting pitch for carbon fibers.

Abstract: A starting pitch for carbon fibers, produced by heat treating at 400.degree.-500.degree. C. under a hydrogen pressure of at least 20 Kg/cm.sup.2.G (1) a heavy fraction oil boiling at not lower than 200.degree. C. obtained at the time of fluidized catalytic cracking of petroleum or (3) a mixture of the heavy fraction oil (1) with (2) a heavy fraction oil boiling at not lower than 200.degree. C. obtained at the time of steam cracking of petroleum, the pitch so produced being heat treated to make precursor pitch therein, melt spun, infusibilized and carbonized or further graphitized to obtain the carbon fibers.

Abstract: An improved process for treating coal tar pitch to form anisotropic carbon comprising treating coal tar pitch with picric acid, recovering the resulting picrates, decomposing the picrates and heating the resulting aromatic hydrocarbons to obtain anisotropic carbon in less time.

Abstract: A low coking pitch suitable for carbon artifact manufacture, especially carbon fiber manufacture, is obtained by heat soaking and vacuum stripping the distillate recovered from cat cracker bottoms. Preferably a cat cracker bottom distillate boiling in the range of about 450.degree. C. to 510.degree. C. at 760 mm Hg is heat soaked at about 350.degree. C. to about 500.degree. C. for up to about 20 hours and then vacuum stripped at below 400.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the thermal cracking of a heavy petroleum oil to produce a pitch with a high aromaticity having a high softening point, the ratio of H/C of about 0.4 to 1.1 and the fraction insoluble in n-heptane but soluble in quinoline of higher than 55% by weight and an oil mainly composed of aliphatic hydrocarbon by feeding the heavy petroleum oil into a reaction system and bringing it therein into contact with a gas which does not react with the heavy petroleum oil, of a temperature in the range of from 400.degree. C. to 2000.degree. C., which method is improved by using, as the reaction system, a plurality of reaction vessels arranged in series and having their interior temperatures successively lower by a fixed step in the direction of the transfer of the charge.

Abstract: The organic compound oxidation plant comprises vessels for organic compounds and for liquid-phase oxidizer, and a mixer for mixing organic compounds. The plant further includes a furnace for heating organic compounds and a reactor for oxidizing organic compounds. The top portion of the reactor is made cylindrical and accommodates a spraying unit for the supply of organic compounds and a liquid-phase oxidizer dispersion unit. The bottom portion of the reactor is made conical and accommodates a spraying unit additionally mounted therein at an angle to the reactor horizontal axis. Said latter spraying unit has nozzles ensuring the supply of organic compounds to the conical surface of the reactor. The nozzles of the spraying unit are provided with screens serving to ensure directional movement of organic compounds to the spraying unit and with openings for the supply of organic compounds, above which openings guide deflectors are mounted.

Abstract: A process for converting cat cracker bottoms to a feedstock suitable for carbon artifact manufacture, especially carbon fiber manufacture, is provided. Basically, the cat cracker bottom is stripped of fractions boiling below about 400.degree. C., heat soaked and then vacuum stripped to provide a suitable feedstock.

Abstract: The mass production system disclosed herein provides a method for producing highly aromatic petroleum pitch, comprising, preheating a liquefied petroleum residuum to a temperature of 450.degree.-520.degree. C. by passing the same through a tubular heater for 0.5-15 minutes, feeding the preheated residuum into a reaction vessel, thermally cracking the same by introducing an inert gas heated to a temperature of 400.degree.-2,000.degree. C. through a heating furnace into the reaction vessel for direct contact with the residuum for 0.5-10 hours, and adjusting to be coincident the ratio of the number of feeding flow lines for the preheated residuum from the tubular heater into the reaction vessels to the total number of reaction vessels with the ratio of the charging time .theta.C required for charging one reaction vessel with one feeding flow of preheated residuum to the total time .theta.T required for carrying out one batch of the thermal cracking in one reaction vessel.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing pitches of high quality in a high yield by subjecting selected crude oil to adiabatic thermal and steam cracking process at a temperature between 700.degree. C. and 1000.degree. C. to produce gases containing ethylene, propylene and the like and a tar pitch having an ethylene-to-acetylene ratio above 5; adjusting the pitch content of the tar pitch in the range between 20 and 80 wt % (if this content is outside this specified range); heat-treating at a temperature between about 450.degree. C. and about 550.degree. C. under a pressure between about 50 and about 150 kg/cm.sup.2 (G) for about 1 to 15 minutes, and subsequently heat-soaking at a temperature between about 350.degree. and about 450.degree. C. under a pressure between about 0.5 and about 10 kg/cm.sup.2 (G) for about 15 minutes to 10 hours.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of petroleum-derived binder pitch, comprising heat treating a mixture of both (1) a heavy fraction boiling at not lower than 200.degree. C. and being obtained by the steam cracking of petroleum such as naphtha and (2) a heavy fraction boiling at not lower than 200.degree. C. and being obtained by the catalytic cracking of petroleum such as gas oil.

Abstract: An effective and regenerable oil adsorbent is obtained from a pitch-like substance formed by heat-treating a heavy hydrocarbon oil to such an extent that the volatile matter content thereof is about 10% by weight to about 60% by weight, preferably about 30 to about 50% by weight. By using this oil adsorbent, oil-removing purification treatment of oil-contaminated water can be effectively achieved with economical advantages.

Abstract: A pyrolysis fuel oil is treated by soaking in the presence of sulfur for a period of time sufficient to react the highly unsaturated compounds present in the oil, followed by heating the soaked fuel oil at a temperature of from 850.degree. F. to 1100.degree. F. and an outlet pressure of from 300 to 600 psig to provide a treated feed having an API gravity of -3.degree. or less. The feed may be employed for the production of needle coke and/or carbon black and/or electrode binder pitch.

Abstract: This invention provides novel electrode formulations which consist of solid carbonaceous filler, binder pitch, and an additive selected from phosphorus-containing and boron-containing compounds such as phosphorous pentoxide and boric acid.

Abstract: A process for the continuous production of petroleum-derived pitch comprising the steps of subjecting a heavy fraction boiling at not lower than 150.degree. C., the heavy fraction being obtained by the steam cracking of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons, to a specified first-step heat treatment, subjecting the first-step treated fraction to a specified second-step heat treatment and then removing the light fraction from the second-step treated fraction thereby to obtain the petroleum-derived pitch.

Abstract: In a process for the thermal cracking of a heavy hydrocarbon in a cylindrical reactor, a portion of the content material in the reactor is taken out and injected back into the reactor according to a specific procedure to form a "wet wall" or liquid curtain on the inner peripheral wall of the reactor, thereby preventing coking in the reactor.

Abstract: Pitch is produced continuously by heat treating a heavy hydrocarbon oil at a temperature of 350.degree. to 500.degree. C successively in two or more reactors connected in series, outlet to inlet, recirculating, at the same time, one portion of the liquid output substance from at least one reactor into that reactor, and introducing the output substance (molten pitch) of the final reactor into an after-treatment chamber of duct shape with an inactive atmosphere sealed therewithin thereby to cool the output substance.

Abstract: Carbon electrodes, either prebaked or Soderberg, made with coal or petroleum coke aggregate and an industrially stable binder that is derived from the entire organic fraction of bituminous coal and is suitable for manufacturing carbon electrodes according to existing industrial practice in the electrometallurgical industries. The binder is prepared by digesting the coal with a solvent to make a purified pitch, and industrial stability is imparted by fluxing the purified pitch at about 200.degree.-300.degree. C.

Abstract: A raw synthetic caking coal having a volatile matter content of 20 - 70%, H/C (atomic ratio) of 0.60 - 1.20 and a maximum fluidity of greater than 40 ddpm is produced by coking heavy hydrocarbons. Synthetic caking coal having a volatile matter content of 20 - 40%, H/C (atomic ratio) of 0.60 - 0.75, a maximum fluidity of greater than 40 ddpm and a Free-Swelling-Index of greater than 3 is produced from the raw synthetic caking coal by stripping said raw synthetic caking coal with steam or light hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An improved process for producing carbon fibers from pitch which has been transformed, in part, to a liquid crystal or so-called "mesophase" state. According to the process, pitch of a given mesophase content, suitable for producing carbon fibers, is produced in substantially shorter periods of time than heretofore possible, at a given temperature, by passing an inert gas through the pitch during formation of the mesophase.

Abstract: A method for producing pitch and coke which comprises heating a starting oil material in the presence of a powdery carbonaceous substance at a temperature of 350.degree. to 600.degree. C under an increased pressure of at least 2 kg/cm.sup.2 gauge to produce pitch, coke and oil and separating the pitch and coke from the oil, said starting oil material being distillation residue of crude oil having a Conradson carbon residue of 1 to 25 weight percent and containing 20 to 80 weight percent of substances boiling at a temperature of at least 600.degree. C and less than 10 weight percent of substances boiling at a temperature lower than 350.degree. C, said powdery carbonaceous substance having a Conradson carbon residue of at least 50 weight percent and being added to the starting oil material in such an amount that Conradson carbon residue of the carbonaceous material is in the range of one-tenth to ten times that of the starting oil material.

Abstract: A process for producing refractories wherein an impregnant is filled into open pores of the refractories. The impregnant is the thermoplastic resinous material which is obtained by removing a light fraction having a boiling point of less than 200.degree. C under a reduced pressure of 100 mmHg and having a benzene-insoluble fraction content of less than 10% by weight from at least one member selected from the group consisting of a heavy oil obtained by the steam cracking of petroleum and the polymerization product of said heavy oil. The slag penetration resistance, slag erosion resistance and slaking resistance of the impregnated refractories are improved thereby.

Abstract: An improved dispersing agent for cement having low foamability and high dispersibility is prepared by sulfonating high aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, and subsequently neutralizing the sulfonated compounds.