Abstract: A method for annealing multi-walled carbon nanotubes includes applying a high-frequency electromagnetic field to the carbon nanotubes and causing the carbon nanotubes to self-heat to a temperature and for a time effective to reduce defects and reduce a number of walls in some of the carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the separation of one or more populations of nanostructures from one or more other populations of nanostructures based upon differences in density. An overall mixture of very similar or identical nanostructures may be exposed to a set of conditions under which one population of the nanostructures is affected differently than the other, allowing separating on the basis of differences in density.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for separating at least one first material from a mixture comprising this at least one first material and at least one second material, which comprises the following steps: (A) contacting of the mixture comprising the at least one first material and at least one second material with at least one selective hydrophobicizing agent in the presence of a suspension medium so that an adduct is formed from the at least one hydrophobicizing agent and the at least one first material but not with the at least one second material, (B) contacting of the adduct from step (A) with at least one magnetic particle which is functionalized on the surface with at least one polymeric compound having a transition temperature LCST (lower critical solution temperature) at a temperature at which the polymeric compound has hydrophobic character so that the adduct from step (A) and the at least one functionalized magnetic particle agglomerate, (C) if appropriate addition of further suspensio

Abstract: A method of extracting bitumen from oil sands having a transition temperature at which the oil sands solidify includes forming formable oil sands into pellets and cooling at least a surface of the pellets sufficiently to prevent the pellets from aggregating; cooling the pellets to below the transition temperature; fracturing the pellets to release the bitumen from the oil sands while maintaining the temperature of the pellets below the transition temperature; and separating the bitumen from the oil sands in a separator.

Abstract: A method for separating carbon nanotubes is disclosed where nanotubes with specific properties are separated from a mixture of nanotube products, which contains various types of nanotubes and impurities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for separating at least one first material from a mixture comprising this at least one first material and at least one second material, which comprises the following steps: (A) contacting of the mixture comprising the at least one first material and at least one second material with at least one selective hydrophobicizing agent in the presence of a suspension medium so that an adduct is formed from the at least one hydrophobicizing agent and the at least one first material but not with the at least one second material, (B) contacting of the adduct from step (A) with at least one magnetic particle which is functionalized on the surface with at least one polymeric compound having a transition temperature LCST (lower critical solution temperature) at a temperature at which the polymeric compound has hydrophobic character so that the adduct from step (A) and the at least one functionalized magnetic particle agglomerate, (C) if appropriate addition of further suspensio

Abstract: In a method and an arrangement for treating a light fraction that is produced during the treatment of plastic-rich waste that is low in metal, at least the following steps are carried out consecutively: the light fraction is stressed by percussion and/or bashing, the light fraction is classified into at least two light fraction classes, at least one light fraction class is separated into at least one light material fraction and a heavy material fraction, at least one light material fraction is cleaned. The cleaning of the light material fraction (fibrous material), obtained after the separation, provides a very clean initial substance to be obtained, resulting in clearly improved material recycling and energy recovery.

Abstract: A process for producing a toner with which toner particles can be highly conglobated, a toner that hardly causes fogging in an image, and an yield of toner is increased is provided. A process for producing a toner of the present invention comprises the step of simultaneously performing a surface modification and classification of particles by using a batch-wise surface modification apparatus, in which when a straight line extending from a central position S1 of a loading pipe in a direction of loading a raw material is denoted by L1 and a straight line extending from a central position O1 of the fine powder discharging pipe in a direction of discharging fine powder and ultra-fine powder is denoted by L2, an angle ? formed between the lines L1 and L2 is in a range of 210 to 330° with reference to the direction in which a classification rotor rotates.

Abstract: A method for separating carbon nanotubes is disclosed where nanotubes with specific properties are separated from a mixture of nanotube products, which contains various types of nanotubes and impurities.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the separation of one or more populations of nanostructures from one or more other populations of nanostructures based upon differences in density. An overall mixture of very similar or identical nanostructures may be exposed to a set of conditions under which one population of the nanostructures is affected differently than the other, allowing separating on the basis of differences in density.

Abstract: A process for the beneficiation of trona includes supplying a trona feedstream that is crushed and dried. The trona is then separated into a first size fraction and a second size fraction. Impurities are removed from the first size fraction using at least one magnetic separator. The magnetic separator includes a plurality of stages. Each stage includes a conveyor system comprising a first end, a second end, and a conveyor belt. Each stage also includes a magnetic roller disposed at the second end of the conveyor system and a splitter disposed adjacent the second end of the system for separating a fraction of magnetic impurities from the trona to create a beneficiated fraction. At least one conveyor belt is deionized. Airborne dust particles are removed from an area surrounding at least one conveyor system.

Abstract: The present invention provides high brightness kaolins exhibiting a Brightness (GE) of at least about 90.0. The hydrous kaolin pigments of the present invention may also have, inter alia, a steepness index (d30/d70×100) of at least about 39 and/or a titania concentration less than or equal to about 0.40% by weight of the pigment on a dry basis. (062) The hydrous kaolin pigment is produced by a process comprising: a) forming an aqueous suspension of a hydrous kaolin clay; b) forming a primary product by subjecting the suspension to classification or a combination of classification and griding; c), separating the kaolin from impurities by selective flocculation; and d) defining the separated kaolin. (063) The hydrous kaolins of the present invention allow coated papers to be produced at high brightness while maintaining acidic conditions on a paper machine. The invention pigmets exhibit brightness levels unexpectedly higher, e.g., about 2 to about 2.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method of beneficiating and dewatering kaolin clays. The product of the improved process is a brightened, dewatered kaolin, suitable for use in pigments and paper coating compositions. The improved beneficiation process provides refined kaolin for pigments and other purposes of the same or better quality as prior art processes, but with the use of fewer steps and materials, at significant cost and environmental savings.

Abstract: When a printed board is soldered by a dipping method, a great deal of dross is generated on a jet solder tank. The dross is a mixture of melted solder and oxide. A worker takes out the dross from the jet solder tank, and throws it away. Thus, a large amount of the solder is consumed. The present invention relates to a separating device for separating oxide and solder from dross. A container (21) is provided with a heater (22). A cover (24) is set over the container (21) to be freely attachable or detachable, and further a non-oxidizing gas supplying opening (28) is made in the cover (24) or the container (21). A stirring spatula (25) for stirring the surface of a melted solder (23) put into the container (21) is set near the surface of the melted solder (23).

Abstract: In an information retrieval application, a system and method for detecting content holes. A content body is parsed into a plurality of concepts nodes, including a first concept node. A percentage of successful service interactions is determined as a function of concept node and, if the percentage of successful service interactions at the first concept node is below a predefined threshold, a content hole is flagged.

Abstract: Disclosed is a separator for separating a meltable solid from a mixture with other solids. The separator has a tank for holding a fluid; a container at least partially inside the tank, made at least in part of a screen through which the fluid can pass and melted solids can flow, but through which the unmelted solid material will not flow; and a heater for heating the fluid above the melting point of the meltable solids. Also disclosed is a method of separating a meltable solid from a mixture with other solids. The mixture of solids is placed in the container of the separator and the fluid is heated to a temperature above the melting point of the meltable solid, whereby the meltable solid flows through the screen out of the container, while the other solids remain within the container.

Abstract: In order to recover the various components of multiple layer materials, a method uses a refiner or disperser including mutually opposing rotating discs having material engaging surfaces or elements such as teeth. The method includes: adjusting a gap between the discs so that a material is subjected to a shear force that mutually separates its material layers in the form of pieces or fragments in the absence of any substantial disintegration of the layers; pumping the separated pieces of the various layers together with a supplied suspension liquid to a separator; and, separating readily pulped or slushed pieces of the material suspended in the suspension liquid from pieces of the suspended material that are not readily pulped or slushed. The pumping of the separated pieces and suspension liquid to the separator can be via a collection vessel.

Abstract: A method for recovering densified plastic from mixed waste containing plastic and less than about 15 weight percent paper, and having a density ranging from about 2 to about 3 pounds per cubic foot, the method comprising the steps of shredding the mixed waste at ambient conditions; charging a batch of shredded waste weighing from about 250 to about 650 lbs. to a densifier; further shredding the mixed waste inside the densifier with a motor-driven rotating blade while monitoring surface temperature of the plastic inside the densifier, amperage drawn by the motor-driver and vibration level within the densifier; continuously shredding waste inside the densifier for a period ranging from about 5 to about 20 minutes, until the surface temperature of the plastic reaches at least about 220.degree. F.

Abstract: There is described a process for cleansing contaminants, such as oil, PCB, PAH, heavy metals and the like, from a heterogeneous material, such as sand, gravel, earth, oil gravel, asphalt, drill borings ("kaks") and the like. More specifically the invention relates to a process comprising the steps: i) that a sorption agent is added to the material, and that the material and the sorption agent are mixed/kneade sufficiently for a considerable portion of the contamination to be extracted from the material and absorbed by the sorption agent, and that ii) thereafter the sorption agent is separated from the material on the basis of specific gravity/particle size by means of an applied flow of gas, so that the sorption agent is led with the flow and can be collected in a separate fraction.

Abstract: A process for separating mixtures of solids of different density, uses a separating liquid and a device for implementing the process. The process is especially suitable for the analysis and technical preparation of waste plastics, glass and electrical scrap. In the process, a reduced mixture of solids with a particle size of 0.1 to 80 mm are brought successively into contact with solutions of separating liquids of differing density in steps of 0.005 to 0.1 g/cm.sup.3 within a selected range from that between 0.8 and 2.9 g/cm.sup.3 and the floating or sinking solid components are separated after each step. The separating liquid in the density range between 1 and 2.9 is preferably an aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of metatungstate with a concentration in the range 1 to 80 weight % and an oxidant selected from the chromate, dichromate, permanganate, nitrate, peracid and perester group with a concentration of 0.05 to 0.5 weight %.

Abstract: A system for recovering ferrous metal components from waste materials includes a first magnetic separator for magnetically separating ferrous metal components from waste material and an impacting device for dislodging residual waste material from the surface of ferrous metal components separated by the first magnetic separator. The system may also include a second magnetic separator following the impacting device, a water washing system for cleaning ferrous metal components retained by the second magnetic separator, a ferrous metal collection station, a waste material collection station and conveyors for conveying the various unseparated and separated materials throughout the system. The impacting device includes a solid wall rotatable drum having at least one radially inwardly projecting protruberance on its interior surface. As the drum rotates, the protruberances lift the ferrous materials separated by the first magnetic separator.

Abstract: A method for cleaning sod being transported on a perforate conveyor belt which includes at least one vibratory position and a powered brush position for removing the earth from the sod. This method and apparatus may be attached to a farm vehicle at the sod harvesting site or free-standing at a remote location. This present invention removes the earth in a substantially dry condition so that the earth may be returned directly to the harvest site or conveyed to another location, A subsequent water bath stage is disclosed for the removal of unwanted dust on the sod.

Abstract: A mixture of sea plants, some of which have compacted sticky characteristics and others of which exhibit hard incompactible fronded characteristics is separated into its components by pressing against a perforated surface to extrude the compacted sticky material through the perforations.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in separation and recovery of pieces of different materials according to the difference in electric conductivity of each kind of materials, by utilizing the interaction between a magnetic field, induced by the eddy current and an external magnetic field. The separating capability of the apparatus of the type is largely dependent upon the shape of pieces being separated as well as the difference in electric conductivity between the pieces of different materials. According to the apparatus of the present invention, samples to be separated are rolled into a flat shape, then subjected to the screening, followed by their passing through a plurality of rotating magnetic fields whose intensities are being increased one by one, whereby the sample pieces are separated effectively according to their electric conductivity, and thus recovered.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for detecting insecurely glued closure flaps on wrap-around paperboard cartons and for diverting defectively sealed cartons from the packaging line. A striking device in the form of an impact roller strikes the leading edge of each carton as it moves along a conveyor belt. Loose or insecure flaps opened by the impact are detected as the carton passes through a photocell station. Upon identification of an open flap condition a pivotal eject chute forming a part of the conveyor table is actuated downwardly to divert the rejected carton to a remote location for inspection and resealing or replacement.