Abstract: A method for biologically denitrifying waste water, includes a nitrification-denitrification sequence followed, for a first fraction of water, by a post-denitrification step during which an electron donor is injected into the first fraction, while a second fraction of water passes through a bypass, then is mixed with the first fraction downstream of the post-denitrification step; the first fraction of waste water is subjected, during the post-denitrification, to a nearly complete denitrification so as to exit the step at a nitrate [N—NO3] concentration less than 4 mg/L, to minimize nitrous oxide production. The bypass rate is determined based on: a measurement of the nitrate concentration of the water upstream of the post-denitrification, the desired nitrate concentration for the mixture of the two fractions downstream of the post-denitrification treatment, and the nitrate concentration of the first fraction at the outlet of the post-denitrification, before the mixing of the two fractions.

Abstract: An ultraviolet disinfection device for a wastewater treatment system includes a tank having a tank inlet and a tank outlet, a treatment housing within the interior chamber and forming a treatment chamber, an ultraviolet light emitting device within the treatment chamber and emitting radiation having a disinfecting effect on bacteria, and a sample well disposed within the interior chamber and forming a well chamber. The tank forms an interior chamber so that effluent discharged from the wastewater treatment system and enters a tank inlet and flows into the interior chamber. Effluent within the interior chamber enters the treatment chamber through a housing inlet and flows past the ultraviolet light emitting device within the treatment chamber to a housing outlet.

Abstract: In a process for the treatment of wastewater containing carbonaceous and nitrogenous contaminants, wastewater is mixed with aerobic microorganisms capable of converting carbonaceous biological oxygen demand (CBOD) into carbon dioxide, water, and biological cell mass. Oxygen is supplied to the reaction mixture for supporting reduction of the CBOD by the aerobic microorganisms in the reaction mixture. To substantially prevent nitrification of the nitrogenous contaminants in the reaction mixture and avoid the cost of downstream denitrification, the hydraulic residence time of the nitrogenous contaminants in the reaction mixture is controlled by removing partially treated water with dissolved ammonia from the reaction mixture, while retaining the biological cell mass in the reaction mixture. This separates the nitrogen load from the carbon load and enables independent treatment of these contaminants.

Abstract: A plate-type flow reactor device with a first plate (20) having first and second opposing surfaces (22, 24) and one or more through-holes (26); a second plate sealed against the first surface (22) by at least two first O-rings (50); a third plate (40) sealed against the second surface (24) by at least one second O-ring (60); two or more first elongated channels (70) defined between the first surface (22) and the second plate and one or more second elongated channels (80) defined between the second surface (24) and the third plate, wherein each first channel communicates with the at least one second channel (80) via one or more of the through-holes (26) through the first plate (20), and said one first channel (70a) communicates with another first channel (70b) of the two or more first channels (70) only via said at least one second channel (80), and each first channel (70) is individually surrounded by at least one of the first O-rings (50) and the at least one second is individually surrounded by the at least

Abstract: A supporting device for a multiplicity of parallel, highly elongate bioreactor elements having an at least partially transparent wall of plastic, through which a microorganism-inoculated nutrient solution is conducted for producing biomass by photosynthesis, includes a plurality of stationary support pylons disposed along the bioreactor elements and horizontally spaced apart from one another. The expenditure on production and assembly is decreased by providing at least one carrying element running between at least two support pylons above the respective bioreactor elements to be carried. The carrying element is supported on the corresponding support pylons and the bioreactor elements to be carried are connected to at least one carrying element by at least one holding element at least at one support point situated between the two support pylons.

Abstract: A packing element, for use in mass and/or heat transfer columns or towers through which a gas and/or liquid flows, includes at least one first group of strips having a plurality of exchange surfaces formed by the surfaces of half-wave-shaped and/or wave-shaped strips. The periodic length l1 of a strip of the first group of strips adjoins a second group of strips with a periodic length l2, which are matched to each other in such a way, that the two adjoining strips are in contact with each other at at least one point, enabling a liquid transfer between these two strips. The at least one strip extends from a first end bridge to a second end bridge, wherein the two end bridges run along the transverse direction of the packing element. At least one strip of the packing element is torsioned about a longitudinal torsion line of the packing element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a shaft/frame system for high capacity rotors for wastewater treatment for sanitation purposes and to reduce the pollutant organic load; of the type formed by a drive shaft with supports at the ends and for its coupling to a drive motor, comprising a plurality of intermediate annular collars and two end annular collars distributed equidistantly from one another, adapted to fixedly receive a plurality of radially distributed structural arms, characterized in that said structural arms are substantially T-shaped and are joined each other to form rings adapted to receive and fix each other, packs of media consisting of a plurality of biomass support sheets, which are self-supported by four tubes fixed in T-shaped structural elements; wherein said tubes are hollow, and internally accommodate a volume of air and are obturated at both ends by means of plugs, with one or more threaded blind bore(s) adapted to receive the fixation means, with which it is fixed to the T-shaped structura

Abstract: Disclosed is a secondary battery having a structure in which a jelly-roll having a cathode/separator/anode structure is mounted in a cylindrical battery case, wherein a plate-shaped insulating member is mounted on the top of the jelly-roll and the insulating member includes a perforated inlet enabling gas discharge and penetration of electrode terminals and a plurality of pores with a diameter of 100 ?m or less provided over the entire surface of the insulating member.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system for communities not connected to sewer infrastructure. The wastewater treatment system comprises a control unit electrically coupled to an ecologic cleaning system (i.e. phytoremediation), activated sludges and disinfection process (i.e. ultra violet light) in a re-circulation and continuous flow arrangement.

Abstract: A portable unit for treating potable water in municipal and similar water lines to reduce and remove undesirable disinfectant byproducts such as trihalomethanes. The unit has a housing with water and air inlet and outlet arrangements. The water inlet arraignment is connectable to the municipal water line to deliver water into the housing where it is sprayed substantially horizontally into the housing along a duct through a splash screen and up against a splash plate. The splash plate redirects the water spray laterally outwardly, rearwardly, and downwardly onto an inclined ramp that guides the water downwardly into the lower part of the housing where it is collected or held until it is pumped back into the municipal water line. In operation, the THM treatment unit is self regulating based on fluctuating downstream water demand and beneficially operates in at least two modes automatically to meet the demand and safety considerations.

Abstract: A system and method for contaminant removal from water bodies with biochar are disclosed. An example system includes an anchor, a float, and an attachment line extending between the anchor and the float. One or more porous container is provided on the attachment line. The porous container has biochar therein. The container with the biochar is provided into a water body and maintained on the attachment line between the anchor and the float. The biochar in the porous container sequesters contaminants in the water body.

Abstract: A system and method includes an aeration subsystem that excites enzymes in the liquid waste passing through the septic system. The aeration subsystem includes a compressor section that compresses the liquid waste. The method includes mixing enzymes into the fluid waste material, compressing the fluid waste material with the compressor, injecting air into the compressed fluid waste material, and determining whether the fluid waste material is at a desired cleanliness, and if not, recirculating the fluid waste material through the compressor.

Abstract: A system for treating and recycling rainwater, including at least three stages constructed wetlands disposed along a sloped surface. Each stage constructed wetland includes a coarse gravel layer, a fine gravel layer, an improved soil layer, and wetland plants from bottom to top. Slopes are disposed at two sides of the upper part of each constructed wetland and are different in heights. An intermediate overflow pipe is disposed at the top of the slope between every two adjacent constructed wetlands. A last overflow pipe communicates with a municipal rainwater pipe. The coarse gravel layers of every two adjacent constructed wetlands are connected by connecting pipes. A perforated water collecting pipe is disposed at front ends of the connecting pipes. A water outlet pipe is disposed in the bottom of the coarse gravel layer of a last stage constructed wetland and is connected to a clean water reservoir.

Abstract: A water cleaning system 1 includes an aerobic region 90 including breeding water 9 containing organic matter and oxygen, an aerobic layer 6 linking with the aerobic region 90 and inhabited by aerobic bacteria, a facultative anaerobic layer 5provided adjacent to the aerobic layer 6 and inhabited by facultative anaerobic bacteria, an obligatory anaerobic layer 4 provided adjacent to the facultative anaerobic layer 5, inhabited by obligatory anaerobic bacteria, and made of andosol 40, an anaerobic space 3 having an anaerobic environment, allowing the obligatory anaerobic bacteria inhabiting the obligatory anaerobic layer 4 and products therefrom to flow therein, and a tube 18 as linking means linking the anaerobic space 3 and the aerobic region 90.

Abstract: An enhanced septic system includes a storage tank having an inlet that receives liquid gray water from a standard septic system having at least one digester and a pump located in the storage tank. The pump is coupled to an actuator to selectively provide power to the pump from a power supply to pump the gray water from the storage tank when the gray water reaches a predetermined level within the storage tank. The system also includes an outlet pipe coupled to the storage tank and to receive gray water pumped from the storage tank by the pump, at least one ultraviolet light in communication with the outlet pipe, and a detector to determine when the pump is actuated and to turn on the at least one ultraviolet light upon actuation of the pump.

Abstract: A system for reducing emission of nitrous oxide during sewage treatment, including: a regulating pool, a first aerobic constructed wetland, an anoxic pool, and a second aerobic constructed wetland. The water outlet of the regulating pool is connected to the water inlet of the top of the first aerobic constructed wetland via a pipe and a first control valve. The first aerobic constructed wetland includes sequencing batch constructed wetlands arranged in parallel. A branch pipe and a second control valve are disposed on the pipe between the regulating pool and the first aerobic constructed wetland. The outlet of the branch pipe and the water outlet of the first aerobic constructed wetland are combined together and connected to the water inlet of the bottom part of the anoxic pool. The anoxic pool is an upward flow biological filter.

Abstract: A lightweight, bioplastic, mobile, floating oil spill mechanical/biological recovery system is dimensionally compact, and quick to assemble. The floating platform can be readily positioned within any waterborne oil/contaminant spill area. After assembly, this platform or apparatus can be directed by either a hand-held digital radio control transmitter or GPS directed mechanism. A lower, multi-roller slip-on belt is designed to be mounted over a circular base support aeration hub assembly with alternating/spaced slotted ring water drainage separators. The belt and aeration assemblies dip bioaugmentation product into the contaminant site thereby exposing microorganisms to both oxygen and target contaminant for treatment and metabolism. Various mechanisms for enhancing metabolic activity of the bioaugmentation product operate in tandem with the primary belt and aeration assemblies to promote effective contaminant metabolism and overall treatment regimes.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for adjusting an angular orientation of a media unit having an opening are disclosed. The media unit may be secured to a rotating frame. In addition, a rotating frame including multiple media units at different angular orientations is disclosed.

Abstract: Integrated methanogenic anaerobic reactor and membrane bioreactor, and method for eliminating organic matter and nitrogen in urban or industrial wastewater, preferably with COD concentrations between 150 and 5000 mg/L and where the eliminations of total nitrogen that occur are between 15 and 50 mg/L, at temperatures above 15° C. The wastewater treatment takes place thanks to three stages of treatment: methanogenic anaerobic stage, anoxic stage with biofilms and suspended biomass and aerobic filtration stage with biofilms and suspended biomass.

Abstract: In an exhaust pipe spherical joint X, a spherical annular seal member 36 is fitted and fixed to a pipe end portion 42, the spherical annular seal member 36 is seated by abutting against a flange 43, a flared portion 47 formed of an Fe—Cr base stainless steel and containing 17.00 to 19.00% by mass of Cr is secured to a downstream-side exhaust pipe 44, and an inner surface 48 of a concave spherical surface portion 45 is brought into slidable contact with a composite surface 40 in which a surface 38 constituted by a reinforcing member 5 and a surface 39 constituted by a solid lubricant are present in mixed form in an outer surface 37 of an outer layer 35 of the spherical annular seal member 36.

Abstract: A high strength ceramic body for use in a regenerative burner media bed, comprising a generally cylindrical portion and a plurality of generally orthorhombic parallelepiped-shaped fin portions extending radially from the generally cylindrical portion The ceramic body has a porosity of less than 1 percent, is greater than 99 weight percent alumina, has a thermal conductivity at 100° C. of about 0.07 cal/sec cm ° C., and has a heat capacity of about 0.21 cal/gm/° C.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlled ventilation and aeration of liquid medium includes a dome supported by a flotation device, a lower housing supported by the flotation device, the lower housing connected to the dome, wherein a sealed space is defined under the dome and above the flotation liquid, one or more orifices, the orifices configured in the dome, and an aeration apparatus positioned within the sealed space and partially submerged in the flotation liquid, wherein the aeration apparatus includes one or more parallel shafts, at least one first disc positioned axially on one of the shafts, at least one second disc positioned axially on another of the shafts, wherein the second disc is interleaved relative to the first disc, and wherein a surface of the first disc rotates in a direction opposite a surface of the second disc relative to each other resulting in a mixing area therebetween.

Abstract: An optofluidic photobioreactor including an optical waveguide having an input, characterized by an evanescent optical field confined along an outer surface of the optical waveguide produced by radiation propagating in the optical waveguide, means for inputting light to the input of the optical waveguide, and a selected photosynthetic microorganism disposed substantially within the evanescent field. A method for optically exciting a photosynthetic microorganism for generating a biofuel, a biofuel precursor, or a biomass from the optically-excited photosynthetic microorganism involves irradiating the photosynthetic microorganism attached to the surface of the waveguide with an evanescent optical field from optical radiation propagating in the optical waveguide, and driving photosynthesis in the microorganism by the evanescent optical field.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a system may reduce contaminants in water. A system may include a biofilm in a container. The biofilm may be formed from one or more bacteria coupled to one or more substrates. The bacteria may be selected to maximize the reduction of contaminants in water. The system may include one or more bacteria generators to provide bacteria to the biofilm and/or one or more air sources to provide an air bubble stream to the container and/or the bacteria generator. In some embodiments, bacteria may be preserved in a starvation phase. Bacteria may be incubated until they reach a starvation phase. The bacteria may then be preserved as beads or immobilized on a substrate. The preserved bacteria may be used in a system for the reduction of contaminants in water.

Abstract: The invention described herein provides methods for the detection of target particles, such as pathogens, soluble antigens, nucleic acids, toxins, chemicals, plant pathogens, blood borne pathogens, bacteria, viruses and the like. Also described is an emittor cell comprising a receptor, wherein the receptor can be an antibody or an Fc receptor, and an emittor molecule for the detection of a target particle in a sample wherein the target particle to be detected is bound by one or more receptors on the emittor cell. Also provided are optoelectronic sensor devices for detecting a target particle in a sample, including in a plurality of samples.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for a treatment system and a method for treating waste product. In some examples, the treatment system may include a container effective to receive a waste product. The treatment system may further include one or more filters in communication with the container. The filter or filters may include a polymer carrier material. The polymer carrier material may include at least one of Sphingomonas bacteria, Flavobacteriales bacteria or Chryseobacterium bacteria.

Abstract: The rotating disc aerator is a portable aeration device utilizing atmospheric air, rather than using a compressor for its air supply. The aerator includes a motorized base having a rotary shaft and diametrically opposed, oppositely reciprocating rods extending therefrom. A plurality of discs are disposed along the shaft and are connected to the ends of the rods. The discs are free to slide along the shaft as the rods reciprocate, but rotate with the shaft. A plurality of resilient absorbent elements (sponges, etc.) are installed along the rotary shaft between the discs. The aerator assembly is buoyant, about one-half of each absorbent element extending above the surface of the water when the aerator is placed therein. The upper portions of the absorbent elements absorb air as they rotate above the surface, and are compressed to expel the air into the water as they rotate beneath the water surface.

Abstract: The centrifugal pump assembly comprises a device for separating gas from the fluid to be delivered, which is arranged on the suction side. The gas separation device is provided with an impact body (2) which at least partly is arranged in the suction-side flow path (11) of the fluid to be delivered, and on the housing side is arranged at a distance to the suction port of the pump.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a wastewater treatment system may reduce contaminants in water. A system may include one or more bioreactors which include a substrate that supports a biofilm The bacteria used to form the biofilm may be selected to maximize the reduction of contaminants in water. Various components of the wastewater treatment system may be optimized to improve the efficiency and energy consumption of the wastewater system.

Abstract: A method for removing methane from biogas is described. The method includes: (i) receiving biogas including methane and other components into a first tank; (ii) receiving water into the first tank; (iii) contacting the biogas with the water inside the first tank; (iv) dispensing methane gas from an outlet of the first tank; and (v) producing from the tank an effluent stream that includes other components of the biogas.

Abstract: Methods and a system for removing carbon nanotubes from a water stream are provided herein. The system includes a purification vessel, wherein the purification vessel is configured to form a carbon oxide from the carbon nanotubes within the water stream.

Abstract: A device for mixing and aerating a body of water, the device includes a microbial fuel cell comprising an anode and a cathode; an electricity management subsystem electrically connecting the anode and the cathode; and a mixing subsystem electrically connected to the electricity management subsystem. The device can be used to mix or aerate a body of water containing organic material while simultaneously reducing the requirements for aeration. The body of water may provide organic material to the microbial fuel cell to produce electricity to power the mixing subsystem.

Abstract: A treatment process for municipal, commercial, industrial, and institutional fluids containing one or more substances at a first concentration includes a contactor, an aerator, and a separator. The fluid is mixed with a powdered natural lignocellulosic material (“PNLM”), a microbial growth inoculum, and at least a portion of the fluid in the contactor to provide a mixture that includes an established, acclimated microbial growth in the fluid. The mixture is introduced to an aerator where physical binding and chemical bonding of at least some of the one or more substances to the PNLM additionally physiological uptake by microbial growth in a biosludge reduces the concentration of at least some of the one or more substances in the fluid discharged from the aerator to a second concentration. The biosludge is separated to recover at least a portion of the PNLM that is recycled to the contactor.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating water comprises a conduit assembly for receiving waste water from a downstream inlet and for providing treated water out of an upstream outlet. The conduit assembly comprises a plurality of substantially vertical conduits in fluid communication providing for water to flow in an alternating downward and upward pathway therein. A medium for providing bacterial growth being is mounted within the conduit assembly. The medium comprises a plurality of substrate surfaces stacked along the vertical length of at least one conduit. Each substrate surface extends along the width of the conduit and provides for bacterial growth thereon. The apparatus includes a housing defining at least one chamber for receiving the conduit assembly therein.

Abstract: A liquid waste treatment system is described. The system may include a first treatment conduit, a second treatment conduit, and at least one junction pipe disposed there between. In some instances, the system may include an upper junction pipe and a lower junction pipe disposed between a first and a second treatment conduit. In one or more embodiments, the system may be arranged in a substantially linear arrangement, such as a straight trench arrangement or a serial distribution arrangement. The system may reduce the need for additional treatment conduits.

Abstract: A specially designed hatch apparatus and method for entry to a water treatment chamber containing media for water treatment. The hatch's shape, specially embodied hatch/media gap seal and position allows normal chamber operation and access to the lower chamber cavity for cleaning and maintenance time through treatment media.

Abstract: An aeration and microbial reactor system for use in decontaminating water including a housing adapted to float and/or submerged within the medium such that a top portion thereof remains adjacent a top surface of the contaminated water while the bioreactor containing inoculated carrier media is attached below. Beneficial microbial populations thrive and spread throughout the liquid medium, and consume or fix the contaminant such that the contaminant is removed from the water.

Abstract: A system may include a reactor, in which an anaerobic environment exists, that includes a slurry of at least contaminated water and a mixed bacterial culture of facultative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. The mixed bacterial culture may be suspended within the slurry. The contaminated water may include contaminants associated with a non-metal, a metal, or a metalloid. The mixed bacterial culture may react with the contaminated water to reduce or remove the contaminants from the contaminated water to create a treated slurry. The reactor may output the treated slurry. The system may also include a filtration device to receive the treated slurry; remove, from the treated slurry, the mixed bacterial culture and the contaminants, reduced or removed from the contaminated water, to create treated water; and output the treated water. The system may also include an aeration device to add dissolved oxygen to the treated water, and output the treated water.

Abstract: A membrane supported biofilm apparatus has a plurality of hollow fiber gas permeable membranes in a tank containing water to be treated. A biofilm supported on the membranes occupies between about 40% and 80% of the volume of water to be treated in a reactor. Wastewater treatment processes are described. A process to denitrify water or treat oxidized contaminants comprises introducing hydrogen into an inner volume of the membranes to grow autotrophic organisms in the biofilm near the membrane and heterotrophic organism near the water. Another process is operated as a biomass concentration of at least 10 g/L and up to about 40 g/L to maintain a biofilm having a surface area of over 1000 square meters per cubic meter of tank volume. A hybrid process has suspended biomass and a membrane supported biofilm.

Abstract: A method for treating wastewater containing TMAH and ammonium nitrogen includes the steps of (a) introducing a first solution which contains ammonium nitrogen but no TMAH into a single reactor with microorganisms comprising nitrifying bacteria and anammox bacteria, and denitrifying the first solution by the microorganisms under a dissolved oxygen concentration ranging from 0.1-0.5 mg/L and a pH value of 7-8; (b) when the denitrification efficiency reaches a steady state, introducing a second solution which contains ammonium nitrogen and TMAH and has a concentration of TMAH lower than 60 mg/L into the reactor; and (c) gradually increasing the concentration of TMAH in the solution to be added into the reactor for several times whenever the denitrification efficiency reaches a steady state. Accordingly, the inhibition of TMAH to the anammox bacteria can be significantly decreased, and both TMAH and the ammonium nitrogen can be treated simultaneously.

Abstract: A process for separation of oil from oil-containing produced water as well as an apparatus for separation of oil from oil-containing produced water. A perforated baffle plate is arranged in a separator tank to provide for equalizing of the downwardly flow rate of produced water. The insertion of such baffle plates has shown that less oil is following the stream downward.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling dissolved oxygen levels in a secondary treatment system of a wastewater treatment facility that can employ a membrane bioreactor in which oxygen introduction into mixed liquor is controlled to prevent bulking and minimize generation of extra cellular polymeric substances. The control is exercised by insuring that dissolved oxygen levels within the mixed liquor do not fall below a minimum system level at which microorganism stress would occur. This is done by setting a minimum dissolved oxygen level control point equal to a sum of the minimum system level and an adjustment factor determined on the basis of oxygen uptake rate and time delays inherent in sensing oxygen levels and changes thereof within the mixed liquor. The minimum system dissolved oxygen level can be continually calculated on the basis of an inferred food to mass ratio that would vary with sensed mixed liquor suspended solids.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus comprises a chamber divided by a partition into a treatment section and an outlet section. The treatment section may, for example, contain a filter media including organic material which supports a shrub or tree. Runoff water enters the treatment section over an inlet chamber which forms a bridge over the outlet section. During heavy flow conditions, some of the incoming water overflows inlet bypass weirs to pass directly to the outflow section, bypassing the filter media in the treatment section.

Abstract: A system and method includes an aeration subsystem that excites enzymes in the liquid waste passing through the septic system. The aeration subsystem includes a compressor section that compresses the liquid waste. The method includes mixing enzymes into the fluid waste material, compressing the fluid waste material with the compressor, injecting air into the compressed fluid waste material, and determining whether the fluid waste material is at a desired cleanliness, and if not, recirculating the fluid waste material through the compressor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a shaft/frame system for high capacity rotors for wastewater treatment for sanitation purposes and to reduce the pollutant organic load; of the type formed by a drive shaft with supports at the ends and for its coupling to a drive motor, comprising a plurality of intermediate annular collars and two end annular collars distributed equidistantly from one another, adapted to fixedly receive a plurality of radially distributed structural arms, characterized in that said structural arms are substantially T-shaped and are joined each other to form rings adapted to receive and fix each other, packs of media consisting of a plurality of biomass support sheets, which are self-supported by four tubes fixed in T-shaped structural elements; wherein said tubes are hollow, and internally accommodate a volume of air and are obturated at both ends by means of plugs, with one or more threaded blind bore(s) adapted to receive the fixation means, with which it is fixed to the T-shaped structura

Abstract: The present invention provides an aeration lateral system designed to be site specific for new septic disposal areas or retro fitting to existing septic disposal areas to break up the biological clogging sludge mat at the interface of the wastewater and imported sand or native soil fill under or adjacent to disposal areas of a typical septic system. The lateral system provides uniform or other site specific distribution of fluids about the bio-mat of a wastewater disposal area, with lateral spacing and hole spacing varying based on the type of disposal area being utilized. The lateral system can also be utilized to provide continuous low volume air supply system to a wastewater disposal area or peat filter module. The air lateral installation includes methods to minimize airflow disturbance of the soil and methods to prevent air leakage.

Abstract: A procedure for treating rain water run-off includes forming a swale for the capture, treatment, and re-use of the storm water to improve the overall quality of the water before discharge.

Abstract: A rapidly installed intermittent flow and storm water treatment method and apparatus employing rapid solids separation and sulfur dioxide chemical dewatering technology to produce disinfected reclaimed storm water with heavy metals removed and diluted nutrients suitable for open stream or land application.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fixed bed for aerobic or anaerobic wastewater purification, comprising an upper frame having support elements fixed to opposite side rails and/or intermediate rails for attaching textile, foldable, non-degradable supports for microorganism, a lower frame having support elements for fixing the textile supports to the lower frame, and means connecting the frames at a corner region. The invention is a fixed bed where all parts of the fixed bed can be assembled to form a relatively small packaging unit that already contains the inserted textiles. Frames are provided with spacers at least in the corner regions, the height of which spacers corresponds to the material height of the folded supports between two frames and the supports are fixed by means of the supports members to the side rails and/or intermediate rails of the frames in a preassembly step before folding.

Abstract: A process for treating water that includes ammonium. The water is directed to a biological reactor and the quantity of nitrates formed in the reactor and the quantity of ammonium reduced in the reactor is determined. A ratio of the quantity of nitrates formed to the quantity of ammonium reduced is determined. Further, the percentage of ammonium reduced is also determined. The water in the biological reactor is aerated by injecting oxygen into the reactor where the amount of oxygen injected is a function of the ratio and the percentage of ammonium reduced in the reactor.