Abstract: A cyclonic flotation system may be used to separate oil, grease, solids and other suspended matter from produced water by a combination of flotation and centrifugation in a separator cyclone. The cyclonic flotation system has a higher capacity-to-footprint ratio compared to conventional apparatus resulting in reduced weight and cost. The system is motion independent and suitable for use on floating structures such as offshore platforms and vessels.

Abstract: A computer designed nanoengineered membrane for separation of dissolved species. One embodiment provides an apparatus for treatment of a fluid that includes ions comprising a microengineered porous membrane, a system for producing an electrical charge across the membrane, and a series of nanopores extending through the membrane. The nanopores have a pore size such that when the fluid contacts the membrane, the nanopores will be in a condition of double layer overlap and allow passage only of ions opposite to the electrical charge across the membrane.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for suppressed ion analysis in which a sample solution of analyte (e.g., anion) in an eluent of electrolyte counterions (e.g., sodium), is chromatographically separated. Then, the counterions are suppressed in a suppression zone and removed and used to convert the analyte ions to salt form in a salt-converting zone. The suppression and salt-converting zones may be contiguous or remote, and may be performed in devices of the membrane suppresser type. Thereafter, the salts or acids or bases formed from them (e.g., in membrane suppressor devices) are detected. Also, salt conversion can be performed using two ion exchange packed bed salt convertors in which one bed is on-line while the other is regenerated, followed by a reversal of flow.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recycle water treatment system for car wash comprising principally a flocculating sedimentation tank, a flotation tank, a tank of aerobic biofilter, a secondary sedimentation tank and a storage tank that are connected in sequence, wherein a flocculent feeder is equipped at the top of the flocculating sedimentation tank; a flotation aerator is equipped at the bottom and a float scraper is equipped at the top of the flotation tank; and an aerobic filter is equipped at the middle and an aerator is equipped at the bottom of the tank of aerobic biofilter, the inlet pipe of the flocculating sedimentation tank being the inlet pipe of the system of the invention, and the outlet pipe of the storage tank being the outlet pipe of the system of the invention. Such a system is particularly applicable for small- and medium-sized car washes, because it's effective in practical operation and convenient in installation and maintenance due to compactness.

Abstract: A filtered grey water recycling system includes a waste water storage tank for receiving waste water from a stone processing system and a filtered grey water supply loop providing filtered grey water to the stone processing system. The filtered grey water loop includes a separation filter for removing large particulate waste from the grey water and a particle filter for filtering smaller particulate matter. The separation filter discharges the large particulate waste into the waste water storage tank and a clear water filter loop filters waste water from the waste water storage tank through a high pressure filter and discharges the resulting clear water into the waste water storage tank.

Abstract: A product and apparatus for cleaning water or industrial and sewage waste water includes a mixture of diatomite that is heated and stirred to impart an enhanced negative electrical charge to the diatomite. A mixture of approximately 50% aluminium chloride (AlCl3) by volume is blended to provide a powder mixture for use as a flocculant in the system. According to a modification, the charged diatomite is instead blended with a mixture of approximately 50% ferric chloride (FeCl3) by volume and is stored in liquid form for later use as a flocculent in the system. From one to five percent, by volume, of polyacrylamide is preferably added to the mixture for use in sewage waste water treatment applications. An efficient system for reacting either the mixture or separately adding the diatomite and the metallic chloride to the water is described.

Abstract: A system that treats wastewater by subjecting it to a heat source and destroying the microbes present therein and disposes of the wastewater to the atmosphere through evaporation. The components of the system are designed for in-ground or below-grade placement for aesthetic purposes and to eliminate a need for separate structures for housing or enclosing the system. The system does not generate a discharge as part of its regular operation and thus eliminates the need for disposal to an on-site feature or public sewer utility.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a desalination system comprising an energy source, a pump, an accumulator and at least one desalination unit, the pump being coupled to the energy source to provide a pressurized feed of water downstream towards the at least one desalination unit, wherein the feed of water from the pump passes through the accumulator before reaching the at least one desalination unit.

Abstract: A quick, economical and environmentally friendly, “green”, process for the continuous purification of biodiesel (fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAE)) is described using a powdered, granulated or extruded adsorbent. The adsorbent is contained in a column system and is regenerated for reuse multiple times. The process employs an adsorbent such as, but not limited to, carbon, silica, clay, zeolite or a metal silicate contained in a column to remove the impurities from fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAE) or crude biodiesel in a continuous process. The process utilizes the adsorbent column system for the purification of biodiesel, rather than water or filtration, to remove soaps and other impurities entrained in a crude biodiesel.

Abstract: A method of supporting denitrification includes receiving biological material at a pulsed electric field station and applying a pulsed electric field to the biological material within a treatment zone in the pulse electric field station to generate treated biological material. The method also includes transporting at least a portion of the treated biological material to an anoxic bioreactor in substitution, at least in part, for an external source of electron donor. A system for supporting denitrification is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for two-stage blood dialysis of a patient. In one embodiment, the system comprises a first filtration device for receiving the blood from the patient and for producing a first filtrate and processed blood. The system further comprises a second filtration device for receiving the first filtrate and producing replacement fluid and waste product. At least one of the first and second filtration devices preferably comprises a Taylor vortex-enhanced blood filtration device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for filtering contaminated water from an oil or gas well.

Abstract: An anaerobic wastewater treatment system includes a recycle tank, a bioreactor tank and a bioselector for recapturing anaerobic microbial consortia particles escaping from the bioreactor tank and returning them to the bioreactor tank. The bioreactor tank receives recycled wastewater feed from a recycle tank and discharges via an overflow outlet treated wastewater and microbial consortia particles to a bioselector. The bioselector is adapted to separate entrained microbial consortia particles and return a feed to the bioreactor tank which including some of the treated wastewater received from the bioreactor tank and the microbial consortia particles received from the bioreactor tank. The bioselector provides a recycle feed to the recycle tank. Overflow from the bioselector provides an effluent of treated wastewater leaving the system.

Abstract: A concentrator for removing particulate matter from waste water is disclosed. The concentrator comprises a frame and a high volume compressible filter supported by the frame. The high volume compressible filter is connected to receive the waste water and permit at least some of the waste water to pass therethrough to remove a portion of the particulate from the waste water. The concentrator further comprises at least one compression arm connected to the frame and configured to engage the high volume compressible filter to agitate the waste water within the high volume compressible filter and force waste water from the high volume compressible filter. The concentrator is configured for use with industrial fabrication equipment such as stone and glass processing and water recycling systems.

Abstract: A cooling water recycling filter comprises a supersonic and electromagnetic wave limescale processor installed inside a main water recycling system of water storage tank and a sub water recycling system installed outside a main water recycling system. The sub water recycling system comprises a water quality control unit, a limescale processor unit, a limescale separation and filter unit and a high level oxidization and processing unit. An electric conductivity sensor, a PH value sensor, and an ORP oxidization and reduction potential meter of water quality control unit are used to measure the values of water quality. A limescale processor and impurities separator is used to filter impurities of the cooling water. After the cooling water is filtered precisely by the limescale separation and filter unit, the cooling water is sterilized by a copper and silver sterilizing and algae-killing unit of a sterilization unit.

Abstract: A wastewater separation system for separating an aqueous phase from an organic phase comprising oil, fat and/or grease in wastewater is disclosed. The wastewater may be collected from restaurant grease traps, as well as other food preparation facilities, schools, hospitals, processing plants and the like. A separator, such as a centrifugal separation device, comprises a wastewater inlet, an organic phase outlet for discharging low density liquid and solids and an aqueous phase outlet for discharging water and possibly other high density liquids and solids. The system can be portable and can be mounted on a vehicle for collection and treatment at various sites. Heat can be introduced to the system to accelerate the separation of the aqueous phase from the organic phase of the wastewater.

Abstract: A constant velocity serpentine anoxic reactor incorporates a multiple cell vertical serpentine path, as well as a horizontal serpentine path, through the anoxic chamber. A fixed film media is mounted within each cell of the anoxic chamber to provide a structure on which the bacteria can grow to sustain the biological reaction, which convert nitrates into nitrogen gas. The fixed film media can be a cross-flow media and can optionally include a web of textile material integrated within the fixed film media to enhance bacterial growth within the fixed film media or optionally the anoxic vertical serpentine configuration could be applied to an activated sludge operation. A nitrate recycle pump recycles about 75% of the effluent from the aerobic chamber back into the anoxic chamber to provide a nitrate source for the digestion of the BOD within the influent wastewater.

Abstract: A system 10 for extracting free oil from industrial processing fluids contains a solids retention cartridge 20 having a plurality of vertically oriented polymeric elements 28 therein. The cartridge 20 fluidly communicates with a retention chamber 36, wherein the retention chamber 36 provides a predetermined residence time based on fluid flow as established by inlet and outlet pressure and also as established by valved fluid exit orifices. An aggregation chamber 48 fluidly communicates with the retention chamber 36 and provides an area for aggregation of a low density fluid such as oil, for example. The low density fluid is then decanted from the aggregation chamber 48. The purified bulk fluid is drained from the retention chamber 36 through an associated return chamber 40. The average cross-sectional area of the aggregation chamber 48 is less than the average cross-sectional area of the retention chamber 36 thereby enhancing the aggregation of a lower density fluid such as oil, prior to decant.

Abstract: A system and process for removing contaminants from wastewater where the wastewater is treated into a cleaned water that can be reused or discharged into the environment. The wastewater is transported through purification sections, depending on the system including several of the following: pre-treatment via screening and weirs to remove debris and certain heavy solids; a second pretreatment via a sump; strainer; conductivity solution injection system and electrolytic coagulation system; polymer injection system; inline mixers for mixing the polymer in the wastewater stream; retention tubes for providing residence time for the polymer to react in the wastewater stream; a multi-stage separation system comprised of a plurality of water separation compartments for consecutively separating contaminants from the wastewater stream by removing contaminants that float and heavy contaminants that settle to the bottom; and an ozone treatment system.

Abstract: A water distribution apparatus comprises a water user outlet facility and a water recirculation loop. The water re-circulation loop comprises a water supply, a water pump for establishing and maintaining a flow of water in the loop, a water delivery path extending from the pump to a water user outlet facility, a water return path extending from the water user outlet facility to the water supply, and a thermal disinfection apparatus disposed in the water delivery path for improving the potability of the water within the loop. A thermal heating apparatus and control is provided in the water delivery path or water storage tank to add thermal energy to prevent freezing of the stored water as well as the water flowing in the water re-circulation loop.

Abstract: A subsurface drip wastewater disposal system and method are disclosed that eliminate the need for headworks, reduce the risk of damage to the system, and permit optimal pump sizing by simultaneously dosing, flushing the pipe network and flushing the filter. A tank and pump package provide effluent under pressure to the field piping network comprising a supply manifold, a return manifold, and a plurality of emitter lines. A discharge filter that is capable of simultaneous filtering and flushing is provided on the discharge line, and a first flow restrictor is provided on the filter flush return line. Effluent is discharged at a rate and pressure that permits simultaneous pipe flushing and dosing, with the return manifold returning to the tank through a field return line having a second flow restrictor. The size of the first and second flow restrictors is selected to provide the desired flow splits.

Abstract: According to the invention, unpurified biodiesel is brought in contact with cellulose-containing material by continuously and/or discontinuously mixing the same in order to eliminate the glycerin and catalyst residues, such as potassium soaps, accumulated during the production of the biodiesel. A system for carrying out said method comprises an agitated sedimentation tank (1) with a conduit (4,5) for delivering purified biodiesel into the agitated sedimentation tank (1) and a conveying device (6) for feeding cellulose-containing material into the agitated sedimentation tank (1). A drive unit (51) for an agitator (50) is disposed in the agitated sedimentation tank (1). A conduit (16, 20) extends from the agitated sedimentation tank (1) to at least one static sedimentation tank (2, 3). A valve (13) via which solid matter can be discharged from the agitated sedimentation tank (1) is mounted in the area of the bottom of the agitated sedimentation tank (1).

Abstract: An aeration-less water treatment apparatus including an anaerobic reactor which receives sewage to cause the sewage to flow as an upward stream, and an aerobic reactor which receives treated water from the anaerobic reactor to cause the water to flow as a downward stream so that the water contacts aerobic microorganisms and air to aerobically treat the polluted matter in the water, the apparatus further including a suspended sludge section located in a lower part of the anaerobic reactor and in which the anaerobic microorganisms are suspended in the sewage, and a carrier section located in an upper part of the anaerobic reactor and having carriers to which the anaerobic microorganisms are attached, the anaerobic microorganisms having flowed from the suspended sludge section being further attached to the carriers.

Abstract: A closed-loop biomass extraction apparatus using HFC solvents including an extraction vessel, an evaporator for the solvent, a compressor and a condenser connected in series in a closed loop extraction circuit; a solvent recovery loop constituted by a bypass line; a plurality of flow control valves that are selectively operable for connecting the solvent recovery loop in parallel with the closed loop extraction circuit; and at least one container containing an adsorbent for organic contaminants and a desiccant, the container being connected in the solvent recovery loop to which solvent in the extraction circuit may be supplied through selective operation of the flow control valves whereby solvent used in the extraction circuit may be supplied through the adsorbent and the desiccant.

Abstract: A method and a plant to remove metals by biosorption from mining or industrial effluents comprising: (a) subject the effluent to at least one first stage of pre-treatment, selecting among: precipitation by pH rising, solvent extraction or solvent extraction on emulsified membranes in order to reduce its load of metals to a concentration level that allows it to be treated by the next stage of biosorption, and (b) subject the liquid that has been previously in the stage of pre-treatment to a second stage of continuous metals removal by biosorption.

Abstract: A paint reclamation clarifier system in communication with a sump tank in a paint booth containing a carrier fluid for capturing paint droplets and a conduit for transporting the carrier fluid mixed with paint droplets to the reclamation clarifier system is presented. The clarifier system includes an influent port, a detackification agent inlet, a sludge tank in a lower portion of the clarifier for collecting the dispersed carrier liquid, where the paint droplets bond with the agent and settle to the bottom of the sludge tank, a sludge outlet, and, at least one effluent port located on or near an upper portion of a sidewall of the clarifier system permitting unsettled material to exit from the clarifier.

Abstract: One aspect of the present disclosure includes an oil removal reclamation clarifier system in communication with a body of oil laden wastewater fluid and a conduit for transporting the fluid to the reclamation clarifier system. The reclamation clarifier system includes an oil removal mixing containment device having an influent port, an agent inlet, a sludge collection section in a lower portion of the device for collecting the dispersed liquid, a sludge outlet, and, at least one decant valves located on or near an upper portion of a sidewall of the oil removal clarifier device for permitting unsettled material to exit from the clarifier.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating liquid waste material includes first adding a chemical flocculent to the liquid waste material followed in a mixer to promote flocculation. The floc material is subsequently separated to produce a bulk clarified liquid, with the floc material being subjected to a solids separator to extract further bulk clarified liquid. The collected bulk clarified liquid is then recycled back in a recycle loop into at least one of the steps of adding a chemical flocculent and solids separation of the floc material. The apparatus is suitable for use with a wide variety of liquid waste materials ranging from agricultural and human waste to industrial waste. An apparatus for treating liquid waste material is also provided.

Abstract: A wastewater purifying apparatus has plural treatment chambers for stepwise purifying wastewater discharged from a lavatory, a storage chamber for storing purified wastewater derived from the downstream-most treatment chamber, and a purified wastewater storage tank. A suction port is formed in the upstream-most treatment chamber for sucking the wastewater. Refluxing equipment refluxes wastewater from the treatment chambers downstream of the upstream-most treatment chamber into the upstream most treatment chamber. A purified wastewater supplier supplies the purified wastewater in the purified wastewater storage tank into the upstream-most treatment chamber. The above arrangement performs expedient and sophisticated purification treatment of the wastewater containing sludge components, such as sewage discharged from the lavatory, or miscellaneous effluents generated by pulverizing garbage by a disposer. The arrangement also simplifies washing of the apparatus.

Abstract: In a multi-ducted sink fitting assembly, a waste water connection to an assembly comprises a reverse osmosis waste water upright duct associated with the fitting; a dish water upright duct associated with the fitting to flow unclean dish water upwardly; and a discharge duct extending downwardly and associated with the fitting to receive flow from both the reverse osmosis waste water duct and the dish water duct.

Abstract: A water or wastewater treatment system to reduce phosphorous or other pollutant concentrations in water or wastewater may include an optional primary treatment stage in fluid communication with a biological secondary treatment stage. The secondary treatment stage may, in turn, be fluidly connected with a tertiary treatment stage, which may include a chemical treatment portion for reducing phosphorous or other pollutants to desired levels. The precipitated phosphorous and other solids or sludge produced from the chemical treatment portion may be recycled upstream for reuse in the primary, secondary, and/or tertiary treatment stages. Such recycle may reduce the amount of added chemicals required in the tertiary treatment stage to phosphorous or other pollutants to desired amounts.

Abstract: Reverse osmosis (RO) systems having efficiency enhancing features are disclosed. Included are RO systems having a RO module and a pumping system. A feed fluid line can introduce feed fluid into the pumping system, and the pumping system can increase the pressure of the feed and pass the pressurized feed to the RO module. Such RO systems can also have a recycle stream leading from a concentrate side of the RO module to the pumping system and a purified stream leading from a purified side of the RO module. In some cases, the pumping system can boost the pressure of both the feed fluid and the recycle stream, and the boosted fluids can be fed into the RO module. The pumping system can have first and second pumping chambers for the feed fluid and the recycled concentrate. These pumping chambers can be separate pumps, or they can be referred to as a single pumping system, for example a double-acting simplex plunger pump.

Abstract: A method and portable system is disclosed for treating waste water received at a first location while in-transit to a second location. Waste water received by a portable treatment system is used to treat waste water while stationary at a first location and then the portable waste water system continues to treat the waste water while the portable treatment system is in-transit between the first location and a second location. This allows the transit time of the portable treatment system to be utilized to improve the quality of the waste water in the portable treatment system. Untreated waste water can be received by the system at a first location and during transport the waste water is treated by the portable treatment system, improving the quality of the effluent discharged from the portable treatment system when it arrives at the second location.

Abstract: An on-board ship water treatment system includes such features as drinking water purification and ballast water treatment. The on-board ship water treatment system includes an on-board ship water treatment vessel. A chlorine dioxide generator is fluidly connected to the on-board ship water treatment vessel. The chlorine dioxide generator includes a chlorine dioxide gas source and an absorption loop for effecting the dissolution of chlorine dioxide into a liquid stream. The absorption loop is fluidly connected to the chlorine dioxide gas source. A gas transfer assembly is interposed between the chlorine dioxide gas source and the absorption loop.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for purifying sewage and wastewater, including a general automatic impurity treating apparatus; a equalization tank; a distribution tank; a microbe contact tank provided with a rotary activated bacillus contactor comprising a reticular rotator comprising a flat fan-shaped body composed of a synthetic fiber, a first solidification portion 28 formed of Saran latex, which is placed on the body, a spacer insert hole, formed between the body and the first solidification portion and bored such that the hole is integrated with the body and the first solidification portion, and a second solidification portion, formed of Saran latex, which is provided in the spacer insert hole; a measuring tank; a bioreaction tank; a settling tank; a sludge thickener; an aerated liquid circulation pump connected to the bioreaction tank and circulating part of the sewage and wastewater discharged into the settling tank to the distribution tank and the measuring tank; and a sludge returning pump connecte

Abstract: Provided are a treatment apparatus for removing fluorine content from water to be treated and a method of treating water to be treated using the same. Water to be treated, containing fluorine, is introduced into a treatment tank over a first path. Slaked lime is added to the water to be treated over a second path. Calcium chloride is added to the water to be treated over a third path. Thus, the fluorine contained in the water to be treated combines with calcium forming slaked lime or calcium chloride, thus yielding calcium fluoride, which is immobilized. When a filter film immersed in the water to be treated is used for filtration, the calcium fluoride contained in the water to be treated is concentrated.

Abstract: An apparatus for improving the characteristics of wetting water in offset printing comprises, in an operatively and functionally intercoupled relationship, a device for supplying the wetting water, a device for filtering the supplied wetting water, designed to provide an actively filtered wetting water, a plurality of magnets adapted to subject the filtered wetting water to a continuous and strong magnetic processing, a pH controlling device, adapted to control the wetting water pH at a preset acid pH value, and a device adapted to control the wetting water electrical conductivity at a set conductivity value.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus implementing techniques for separating and/or analyzing fluid mixtures. The techniques employ microfluidic separation devices that include an inlet port for receiving a fluid feed stream, a microscale fluid flow channel in fluid communication with the fluid inlet port, a phase equilibrium control region located along the fluid flow channel for controlling conditions including temperature and/or pressure to provide a thermal equilibrium, a capillary network in the temperature control region, a first outlet port in indirect fluid communication with the fluid flow channel through the capillary network, and a second outlet port in direct fluid communication with the fluid flow channel. A plurality of microfluidic separation devices can be coupled in fluidic communication to provide for separation of complex mixtures. The systems, methods and apparatus can be used to characterize fluid mixtures.

Abstract: A method is provided for maintaining a biomass disposed on a substrate in a bioreactor tank. The bioreactor tank has an inlet and an outlet in fluid communication with a waste treatment system whereby an influent fluid may be selectively introduced through the inlet into the bioreactor tank for removal of waste material therefrom. This produces an effluent fluid which can be returned through the outlet to the waste treatment system. The method comprises processing a quantity of influent fluid through the bioreactor tank to produce a quantity of effluent fluid and removing the effluent fluid from the bioreactor tank through the outlet. The method further comprises isolating the bioreactor tank from the waste treatment system and establishing a set of dry cycle conditions in the bioreactor tank. The dry cycle conditions are selected to effect endogenous growth within at least a portion of the biomass whereby an average age of the at least a portion of the biomass may be tailored.

Abstract: A high rate, upflow filtration system is described in which a compressible, fibrous lump filtration media is compressed to adjust the porosity and collector size of the media in the bed and to provide a porosity gradient within the bed proceeding from more porous to less porous in a direction opposite to the flow of fluid so that filtration proceeds in a direction from a more porous to a less porous filter bed. Larger particles are removed by the more porous media and successively smaller particles are removed as the filter bed becomes less porous. The system is capable of reducing the turbidity of influent municipal wastewater from about 8 NTU to about 2 NTU at a wastewater flow rate of from about 820 to 1230 L/m2·min (20 to 30 gal/ft2·min), at a bed compression ration of from about 15 to 40 percent, and at a backwash rate of from about 1 to 6 percent based on the total wastewater passing through the filter.

Abstract: The pH value of excess sludge taken out from a biological oxidation tank (2) is adjusted to 8 to 14, and the pH-adjusted sludge is injected into a solubilizing device (3). The sludge taken out from the solubilizing device (3) is heated to 110° C. to 350° C. at a pressure higher than saturated steam pressure to solubilize the sludge to a state readily degradable by microorganisms. The solubilized sludge is returned to a biological oxidizing tank (2), and the pH value of the sludge in the biological oxidizing tank (2) to 5 to 9. The use of the above method of treating excess sludge and an apparatus therefore enables substantially reducing the volume of excess sludge with economic advantage.

Abstract: Provided are a coagulation treatment apparatus capable of removing fine objects of removal from a fluid containing the objects of removal, and a coagulation treatment method using the apparatus. A coagulation treatment apparatus for a fluid according to the present invention includes a production device for introducing ions of metal belonging to Group 8 of the periodic table into a fluid containing objects of removal and for producing a coagulated substance in which the objects of removal and the metal ions are bonded to each other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for aerating a liquid, particularly for aerating water in a wastewater treatment process, by: introducing the liquid into a primary pressurizable aeration tank; pumping liquid from the primary pressurizable aeration tank into a secondary pressurizable aeration chamber via a feed path; aerating the liquid in the secondary pressurizable aeration chamber; and recirculating aerated liquid from the secondary pressurizable aeration chamber back to the primary pressurizable aeration tank via a return path.

Abstract: A dialysate regeneration chamber is provided. In one embodiment, the dialysate regeneration chamber may include a toxin trap configured to selectively trap toxins and repel select cations.

Abstract: A method and system of providing ultrapure water for semiconductor fabrication operations is provided. The ultrapure water is treated by utilizing a free radical scavenging system and a particulate removal system. The free radical scavenging system can utilize actinic radiation with a free radical precursor compound, such as ammonium persulfate. The particulate removal system can comprise one or more ultrafiltration apparatus. The ultrapure water may be further treated by utilizing ion exchange media and degasification apparatus. A control system can be utilized in feedforward or feedback mode to regulate addition of the precursor compound and the actinic radiation source, and to maintain a temperature of the ultrapure water product.

Abstract: A cleaning facility for cleaning tubing systems includes a reservoir having a chamber to receive flush fluid, a pipe coupling the reservoir to the tubing systems, to allow the flush fluid to flow from the reservoir into the tubing systems to flush the tubing systems. A tank includes a space to receive the flush fluid from the tubing systems, and to collect the flush fluid. A filter is coupled to the tank, to filter the flush fluid and to allow only gas to flow out of the tank. A conduit is coupled to the reservoir, to supply pressurized air to pump the flush fluid from the reservoir to the tubing systems to flush and to clean the tubing systems.

Abstract: In a system for separating crystals from sludge, or from separated water generated when sludge is subjected to a concentration process or a dewatering process, aspects of both phosphorus removal and phosphorus recovery can be satisfied, MAP having a high degree of purity can be recovered, and stable treatment can be performed such that the MAP recovery rate is high and blockages of a hydrocyclone do not occur. An aspect of the present invention is a crystal separation apparatus for separating crystals from sludge, or from separated water generated when sludge is subjected to a concentration process or a dewatering process, comprising a hydrocyclone for separating the crystals from the sludge or separated water introduced into the hydrocyclone, and a return pipe A for returning the sludge or separated water which flows out from an overflow riser of the hydrocyclone to a sludge or separated water introduction portion of the hydrocyclone.

Abstract: A system to facilitate separation and concentration of particles based on centrifugal force on suspended particles, including biological matter, which are made to flow in a vortex structure is provided. The centrifugal force urges larger particles to collect along outer portions of the vortex flow. Conversely, within a vortex structure, a radial hydrodynamic pressure drop is also amplified to urge smaller particles toward inner portions of the vortex flow. This force created by the pressure can reach magnitudes that encourage a sharp cut-off and improved resolution discrimination between particle sizes. Thus, separated streams of particles can be collected with both increased concentration and purification.

Abstract: A method for removal of foam from at least one foam accumulation region in a wastewater treatment facility, the method including causing the foam to flow from the at least one foam accumulation region into at least one foam collector and removing the foam from the at least one foam collector.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system is provided including an aerobic membrane bioreactor and an anaerobic digester system connected to receive wasted solids continuously from the aerobic membrane bioreactor and also connected to return effluent from the anaerobic digester system continuously to the aerobic membrane bioreactor. Further, a process is provided for treating wastewater including the step of wasting a volume fraction of organic cell mass from an aerobic membrane bioreactor to an anaerobic digester system and maintaining a solids retention time (SRT) in the bioreactor that is (1) greater than a time needed to achieve growth of organisms suitable for converting carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) into cell mass and (2) less than a time at which substantial decay of the organisms occurs. The system and process may further include optional pretreatment and/or phosphorus and/or nitrogen removal downstream of the membrane bioreactor system.