Abstract: A dechlorinator for dechlorinating a stream of water comprises a housing comprising an inlet and an outlet. The housing defines a flow path between the inlet and the outlet. A filter is operatively supported in the housing and located in the flow path. At least one dechlorinating tablet is operatively supported in the housing and located in the flow path downstream of the filter for dechlorinating water flowing from the filter to the outlet.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for removing fine particulate matter from a fluid, comprising a separator that separates an inflow fluid stream into an overflow fluid path and an underflow fluid path, where the underflow fluid path is treated with a tethering material that attaches to the coarse particulate matter to form tether-bearing anchor particles and where the overflow fluid path is treated with an activating material so that the activating material interacts with the fine particulate matter to form activated particles. After these treatments, the underflow fluid path containing the tether-bearing anchor particles is comingled with the overflow fluid path containing the activated particles, so that a removable complex is produced that can be removed in a settling facility, thereby removing the fine particulate matter from the fluid.

Abstract: The “Pure Sip” system will reliably address biological, as well as chemical, contamination in the distribution system after treatment at a central purification facility. The Public water supply industry relies heavily on the “multiple barrier” approach in the protection of public health; the “Pure Sip” Point of Use (POU) treatment unit/system is a logical, economical, and effective, addition to the water industry's traditional “multiple barrier” treatment strategy. The unique “Pure Sip” system incorporates 10 micron and 1.0 micron filtration, activated carbon adsorption, and 12V UV primary disinfection, in a portable countertop unit.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a hydrocyclone floating separator, comprising: a vortex generating body which includes a water inlet, swirls water introduced through the water inlet, and includes a water outlet discharging the swirled water; an air injection unit for injecting air into water introduced through the water inlet; a drain control unit for controlling the amount of water discharged through the water outlet such that the level of the water in the vortex generating body is maintained constant; and a suspended solids removing unit for taking suspended solids out of the vortex generating body, the suspended solids existing dispersed in water being supplied to the vortex generating body and then floating and gathering towards the center of the vortex of the water surface because of the swirl flow of the water and the buoyancy of air bubbles charged in the water.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor for removing phosphorus and nitrogen from wastewater has a column comprising a number of sections. The diameter of the column changes stepwise between the sections. A flow velocity in excess of 100 cm/min is maintained in a lowermost one of the sections and lower flow velocities are maintained in subsequent sections. A struvite supersaturation ratio is controlled in part by recycling wastewater from an outlet of the column. Struvite pellets are removed periodically from the bottom of the column.

Abstract: A transportable water treatment system includes: a lower cage housing a water purifying apparatus, a middle cage housing a first water storage tank, and an upper cage housing a second water storage tank. The transportable water treatment system has a footprint approximate to the area of the lower cage. A chlorinator may be used in the water purifying apparatus that includes a bowl having an inlet at the bottom and an outlet on its side. A channel is around the inlet forcing fluid to flow to the top of the channel and over its edges. A flow diverter is positioned above the inlet adapted to transfer the flow of fluid to a substantially horizontal direction. A platform is positioned within the channel being adapted to position a single chlorine tablet within the channel. The lid is adapted for holding a plurality of chlorine tablets above the platform.

Abstract: Provided is a gas-dissolved water supply system that can efficiently produce highly concentrated gas-dissolved water and can circulate and supply the water to a use point. To a storage tank 1, waste water (cleaning waste water) that is water containing dissolved gas (oxygen) used for cleaning an object to be cleaned is reserved through piping 15, and feeding water is supplied through feeding water piping 1a. The water in the storage tank 1 is sent to a purification device 4 via a pressure feeding pump 2 and a heat exchanger 3 for keeping the water temperature constant. The water from which foreign substances are removed by the purification device 4 is sent to a degasser 6 via a flowmeter 5. Then, a gas is dissolved in the water by a gas-dissolving apparatus 7, a chemical is added to the water, and the water is supplied to a use point.

Abstract: A reducing water purification material having a reducing iron-based precipitate selected from green rust, iron ferrite, reducing iron hydroxide, and a mixture thereof. A wastewater treatment process having steps of adding a reducing iron compound to wastewater, leading the wastewater to which the reducing iron compound is added to a reaction tank and forming a precipitate, separating the formed precipitate by a solid-liquid separation to obtain a sludge, and alkalinizing all or a portion of the separated sludge to form an alkaline sludge followed by returning to the reaction tank, wherein in the precipitation step, the wastewater to which the reducing iron compound is added and the alkaline sludge are mixed and are allowed to react in a non-oxidizing atmosphere under alkaline condition to form a reducing iron compound precipitate as the precipitate, thereby incorporating contaminants in the precipitate to remove the contaminants from the wastewater.

Abstract: An apparatus for treatment of water in an aquatic environment. Water is first pumped from a reservoir to a first mixing station. An inert gas is introduced into the pumped water at the first mixing station to provide inert gas saturated water, which inert gas saturated water will displace undesired gasses in the water in the reservoir. The inert gas saturated water is then pumped to a sparging column such that the inert gas and undesired gasses will be released from the inert gas saturated water to provide depleted water. The depleted water is oxygen enriched at a second mixing station.

Abstract: A dispenser system that takes high pressure fluid such as a high pressure water source and reduces the volume flow of the high pressure water as it flows into a dispenser with the dispenser having a low pressure outlet, which offers negligible fluid resistance in comparison to the inlet fluid resistance to the dispenser, thereby ensuring that if a dispenser cap is accidentally removed from the dispenser while the unit is in operation the water will not spray out into and onto the user. The dispensing system includes a removable cartridge carrier with adjustable openings and a dispenser housing that one can maintain a uniform flow pattern under different flow rates to provide for a predicable control of a dispersion rate from a dispersant located in the system and a method of predictably changing the dispersion rate of a dispersant.

Abstract: A sludge dewatering system that includes a reactor to apply an electric field across at least a portion of the volume of the sludge and a dewatering station to dewater the sludge. The dewatering system may include one or more bypass lines so that at a portion of volume the sludge bypasses particular stages of the system. The dewatering station may use, for example, pressing or a centrifuge.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a refrigerator. The refrigerator includes a refrigerator body having at least one storage chamber, a door to open and close the storage chamber, a water dispenser provided in the door, and a water purification unit to purify water to be supplied to the water dispenser. The water purification unit includes a housing having an inlet port and an outlet port, a transparent tube provided in the housing, a germicidal lamp provided in the transparent tube to emit ultraviolet rays, and a flow channel defining member provided between the housing and the transparent tube. The flow channel defining member includes a plurality of partitions perpendicular to an outer circumference of the transparent tube. Each of the partitions has at least one communication hole.

Abstract: A system is provided that includes: (a) a mobile platform; (b) an input pump operatively connected to be capable of pumping a treatment stream through the system; (c) a centrifugal separator operatively connected downstream of the input pump to centrifugally treat the treatment stream; (d) a borate filter operatively connected downstream of the centrifugal separator to filter the treatment stream capable of removing at least some of a borate when the treatment stream is at a pH of 8 or above; and (e) a chemical-additive subsystem operatively connected to be capable of: (i) selectively adding one or more chemical agents to the treatment stream upstream of the centrifugal separator, wherein the chemical agents can be selected to be capable of precipitating dissolved ions selected from the group consisting of: sulfate, calcium, strontium, or barium, magnesium, iron; and (ii) selectively adding a chemical agent to the treatment stream upstream of the borate filter to increase the pH of the treatment stream to 8 o

Abstract: One embodiment of a method to system for enhancing TOC removal while maintaining membrane filter performance is the implementation of a dual pH control system. This embodiment will enhance the ability to maximize TOC removal while maintaining optimum membrane filter performance. By adjusting pH, dosing a chemical coagulant and incorporating liquid-solids separation, a considerably higher degree of TOC removal is possible. By adjusting pH again after liquid-solids separation this embodiment can drastically increase the efficiency of the membrane microfiltration/ultrafiltration system. Thus pH control for soluble organic removal is critical. This pH level however may not be the ideal set point for minimizing membrane fouling which is the basis for this embodiment. An example: the pH set point for optimum soluble organic removal is designated to be 5.5. However, the optimum pH set point for optimum membrane performance is 7.0.

Abstract: There is a water enhancement system coupled to a water conduit, wherein the water enhancement system is configured to enhance a water supply. The water enhancement system includes a filtration system coupled to a water conduit, configured to filter water flowing therethrough. The water enhancement system also includes an enhancement system coupled to the filtration system, configured to treat water flowing therethrough by dispensing a fluid therein. The enhancement system includes a plurality of cartridge sockets and matching cartridges configured to selectably couple together and contain enhancing fluid. The water enhancement system further includes a treatment bracket coupled about the water conduit and to the enhancement system. The water enhancement system additionally includes a treatment device coupled about the treatment bracket and configured to alter a characteristic of the water flowing therethrough.

Abstract: A method for a disintegration of a thixotropic suspension by ultrasound, includes diverting at least one partial flow from a total suspension flow downstream of an ultrasonic treatment unit, increasing a flow rate of the at least one partial flow and mechanically stressing a thixotropic suspension flow. Additionally, the method includes adding the at least one partial flow to the stressed thixotropic suspension flow to establish the total suspension flow and ultrasonically treating the total suspension flow.

Abstract: Continuous flow water treatment systems, devices and methods that reduce the costs associated with using oxidizing agents in water treatment by maximizing mixing energy with pressure of the solution in a continuous flow system. The systems comprise an inflow conduit that provides water to be treated to a mixing chamber in a housing, a first chemical injector mounted into either the inflow conduit or the housing that provides an oxidizing agent into the water flow, a driven impeller mounted within the mixing chamber that maintains the flow of fluid through the apparatus and provides agitation to the fluid within the mixing chamber, and an outflow conduit for expelling the treated water from the mixing chamber. The outflow conduit may be pressurized to increase the mixing energy in the mixing chamber.

Abstract: To provide an apparatus for treating a radioactive nitrate waste liquid that includes a denitrification tank (12A) which accommodates active sludge that adsorbs or takes in the radioactive substance in a nitrate waste liquid (11) and in which an anaerobic microorganism that reduces the nitrate to nitrogen gas grows, and a reaeration tank (14) in which a denitrification-treated liquid (24) treated in the denitrification tank (12A) is aerated and mixed with active sludge. A pH adjuster (21), a carbon source (22), and nitrogen gas are supplied to the denitrification tank (12A) so as to separate a denitrified liquid into a solid content and the denitrification-treated liquid (24) by using a first solid-liquid separating film (25), and the denitrification-treated liquid (24) treated with the active sludge in the reaeration tank (14) is reaerated and separated into a solid content and a reaeration-treated liquid (27) by using a second solid-liquid separating film (28).

Abstract: A spraying means is arranged on the scum-flowing wall surface side of wall surfaces forming a scum inlet of a scum discharging mechanism. The spraying means sprays pressured water upward along the wall surface on the scum-flowing side from when a part of the scum inlet is submerged in water until the scum begins to flow into the scum inlet. As a result, even large lumps of scum exceeding 10 cm in thickness (diameter) may be lead smoothly into a pipe by the pressured water, and the amount of discharged water accompanying scum discharge may be reduced to 1/20 to 1/30 than by a conventional scum removing apparatus.

Abstract: An aggregating agent injector (13) injects into raw water an aggregating agent for aggregating solids in raw water, a first aggregation aid injector (16) injects into raw water with the aggregating agent injected therein an aggregation aid for hardening or consolidating flocs formed by the aggregating agent, and a centrifugal separator (18) has a flocculator portion for causing raw water with the aggregation aid injected therein to whirl therein to flocculate solids in raw water, and a solid collector portion for causing raw water to swirl at higher speeds than in the flocculator portion to separate flocs from raw water.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a membrane module including a first plurality of fibers capable of filtering fluids that are helically wound in layers creating a mono helix. Fluids to be treated can flow radially with respect to a longitudinal axis of the mono helix or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mono helix. The membrane module can further include a second plurality of fibers that are helically wound with the first plurality of fibers to create a dual helix. The second plurality of fibers can have different properties than the first plurality of fibers in order to achieve different filtering functionalities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating ballast water, the apparatus being capable of treating ballast water so as to meet the ballast water standard established by the IMO exactly at low costs. The treatment apparatus of the present invention comprises a filter (4) that filters sea water to trap aquatic organisms, a bactericide supply apparatus (5) that supplies bactericide to the filtrate sea water, and a venturi tube 7 that introduces the sea water to which the bactericide is added, to produce cavitation in the sea water, thereby diffusing the bactericide and also damaging and destroying aquatic organisms in the sea water.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning solids-laden aqueous fluids includes a settling tank having a sloping floor, which drops off into a collection area; primary and secondary mixing tanks, the lower regions of which are in fluid communication via fluid transfer means; and agitators in each of the mixing tanks. Solids-laden fluid is introduced into the primary mixing tank along with selected coagulant and/or flocculent chemicals, whereupon the agitator in the primary mixing tank is actuated to induce downward fluid flow toward the fluid transfer means and into the secondary mixing tank. The agitator in the secondary mixing tank is actuated to induce upward fluid flow in the secondary mixing tank, from which the fluid mixture overflows into the setting tank. Solids settle or precipitate into the settling tank, and move downward along the settling tank's sloped floor and into the collection area, from which the solids can be removed for further treatment or disposal.

Abstract: In one of its aspects, the present invention relates to a fluid treatment system comprising: an inlet; an outlet; a fluid treatment zone disposed between the inlet and the outlet. The fluid treatment zone: (i) comprises a first wall surface and a second wall surface opposed to the first wall surface, and (ii) having disposed therein at least one array of rows of radiation source assemblies. Each radiation source assembly has a longitudinal axis transverse to a direction of fluid flow through the fluid treatment zone and each of the first wall surface and the second wall surface comprises a first fluid deflector element and a second fluid deflector element. The first fluid deflector element projecting into the fluid treatment zone to a greater extent than the second fluid deflector element.

Abstract: Some demonstrative embodiments of the invention may include a liquid disinfection system having built-in cleaning and deposit prevention capabilities. The system may include a conduit to carry a flowing liquid to be disinfected, an illumination source and an ultrasonic cleaning unit mounted on an external surface of the conduit.

Abstract: A system, a device and a method for maintaining water quality in a pool or similar water container for use by people which is characterized in that a pressure sensor is arranged to sense the pressure variations inside a main water container 1 and to provide a pressure variation signal to a control and processing unit 3. The control and processing unit is connected with a dispensing module and is adapted to generate and transfer control signals to said dispensing modules. The control signal depends on the detected pressure variation signal. The system for water treatment comprises also a water treatment circulation loop 3A-D at least one controllable chemical dispensing module 8A-D, 9A-D. The circulation loop is adapted to pump water from the main water container 1, around the circulation loop 3A-D, and back into the main water container 1 via the dispensing module for dispensing a chemical treatment agent.

Abstract: A water treatment system for supplying dampening water for wet offset printing comprises a flow path through which water can pass; a magnetic treatment device for magnetically treating the water passing through the flow path; and a photocatalytic device for photocatalytically treating the water passing through the flow path.

Abstract: Systems and methods for dewatering drilling fluid including a feeder, an aging tank, a polyductor configured between the feeder and the aging tank and a flocculant solution pump fluidly connected to the aging tank. Further, the system includes a portable skid to house the feeder, the aging tank, the polyductor, and the flocculent solution pump. In certain embodiments, the polyductor is configured to mix a liquid with a dry flocculant from the feeder, and disperse a resultant flocculent solution in the aging tank, the aging tank is configured to receive the flocculant solution, and the flocculant solution pump is configured to remove the flocculant solution from the aging tank.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treatment of substance having a content of organic material, e.g. manure from stables (1). The substance is initially separated into a first liquid phase and a first sludge phase, and an oxidation is performed, preferably by ozone, on at least one of the phases of the substance. From the first sedimentation process or flotation process the first sludge phase is separated, and a second sedimentation or flotation process is performed on the first liquid phase, preferably by addition of a polymer, and from the second sedimentation process or flotation process a second liquid phase is passed on to a further separation process, in which separation process a further oxidation, preferably by ozone, is performed on the second liquid phase. Preferably, the ozonation is substantially saturated. An important advantage is that malodour from the substance may be significantly reduced, possibly even eliminated.

Abstract: Device, system and method for injecting organic matter into a reaction enclosure (2) of a reactor for treatment using a supercritical water oxidation method. The device comprises a body having an inner volume defining a pressurizing capacity (24) in which a mobile assembly (29) is arranged, e.g. a bellows for dividing the inner volume into two variable volume compartments including a compressing capacity compartment (32) and a hydraulic pressurizing capacity compartment (34). The hydraulic pressurizing capacity compartment is preferably connected to the outlet (15) of an aqueous phase liquid/gas separator (14) which separates the liquid and gaseous phases of the effluent leaving the reaction enclosure (2).

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system for removing contaminants from wastewater on a vessel using electricity. The wastewater treatment system may inject wastewater with one or more disinfectants or ionized gases, or both, to remove at least a portion of contaminants from the wastewater. The water treatment system may produce disinfectants from saltwater using one or more disinfectant generators and return the byproducts to a water body. The wastewater treatment system may also pass wastewater through an electrical coagulation unit in which an electrical current may be emitted into the wastewater, whereby flocculants are formed and cause suspended solids and other materials to settle out of the wastewater. The wastewater treatment system may include a secondary treatment system for further reducing concentrations of contaminants. In addition, the wastewater treatment system may include a solid waste treatment system for incinerating solids produced by the wastewater treatment system.

Abstract: A conditioning process and equipment are provided for removing hardness from water circulated in a system. A sidestream from such system is routed to a reaction chamber and back to the system. A conditioner is added to the sidestream water and in some embodiments is routed through a sidestream inlet from the top of the reaction chamber to its lower portion in a swirling motion. A buffer is added to the sidestream exiting the reaction chamber, and in some embodiments is added upstream of a pH sensor. In some embodiments a polymer is added. A fluid bed develops in the reaction chamber consisting of conditioner, buffer, precipitated solids and sidestream water. An upper outlet on the reaction chamber regulates the height of the fluid bed, and a drain provides for periodic discharge of the lower fluid bed. In some embodiments, a corrosion inhibitor blend is pre-mixed with the buffer.

Abstract: A method for clarifying a sludge, characterized in that a raw waste water is subjected to a solid-liquid separator and then to a primary filtration device, to separate it into a solid material and a liquid material, and the resultant liquid treated material is then treated by a process comprising an ozone treatment and a special light ray treatment.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for a system and method that intensely oxidizes water as it navigates through a system and accurately, controllably neutralizes the oxidation by-products before the water exits the system.

Abstract: A system and method that uses mature floc as seed particles to promote aggregation in a water treatment process is provided. The seed particles do not need to be recovered as they separate out with the waste steam after a spiral separation. One implementation is to prepare the mature floc off-line and inject periodically into the buffer tank, as needed. Another implementation is to tap into the more mature floc downstream and feedback, as needed, to the buffer tank.

Abstract: A phosphorus removal system is operable to remove phosphorus from an influent. The system includes a first section receiving the influent and discharging a first flow. A first coagulant inlet is positioned upstream of the first section and is in fluid communication with the influent to introduce a first coagulant selected to precipitate phosphorus. A second section receives the first flow and discharges a second flow, and a third section receives the second flow and discharges an effluent. A second coagulant inlet is positioned downstream of the first section and upstream of the third section to introduce a second coagulant selected to precipitate phosphorus.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating waste water comprises a mixing chamber including mixing members therein for mixing waste water and treatment chemicals therein and a separating chamber at the outlet of the mixing chamber for separating the flocculated contaminants and to provide a supply of clarified water. In a preferred embodiment, the chemicals are injected at sequential locations along an injection tube for sequential mixing of the chemicals with one another in the injection tube prior to the chemicals being injected and mixed into the mixing chamber for mixing with the waste water.

Abstract: A conditioning process and equipment are provided for removing hardness from water circulated in a system, such as an evaporative cooling system. A sidestream from such system is routed to a reaction chamber and back to the system. A conditioner is added to the sidestream water and in some embodiments is routed through a sidestream inlet from the top of the reaction chamber to its lower portion. A buffer is added to the sidestream exiting the reaction chamber, and in some embodiments is added upstream of a pH sensor. A fluid bed develops in the reaction chamber consisting of conditioner, buffer, precipitated solids and sidestream water. An upper outlet on the reaction chamber regulates the height of the fluid bed, and a drain provides for periodic discharge of the lower fluid bed. In another embodiment, a corrosion inhibitor blend is pre-mixed with the buffer.

Abstract: Systems and methods for wastewater treatment. A nitrate source may be dosed to a collection tank, such as a wet well, for downstream control of hydrogen sulfide levels in the wastewater. A source of a strong oxidizer may also be dosed to the wet well. The oxidizer, such as chlorite, may temporarily interrupt denitrification processes in the wet well to prevent floatation of undesirable constituents therein. The oxidizer dosage may be generally consistent with the nitrate dosage. An ORP sensor may facilitate regulation of dosing. The nitrate and the oxidizer may be present in a single mixture to be dosed to the wet well.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cell for generating sterilized water in which lead wires having cathode and anode are alternately wound on a body in the horizontal direction, the cell is disposed in plural in the vertical direction to the flow of water by a given distance so that a plasma reaction is generated between both lead wires wound on the cell in the linear direction along the lead wires thereby increasing reaction efficiency per surface area of the cell.

Abstract: A system for rapid transfer and mixing of treatment substance into a larger confined flow of water. By-pass flow from the main flow receives treatment substance and returns to the main flow through a pair of directly opposed nozzles are directed across the main flow.

Abstract: A dispersion apparatus for dispersing a treating agent into a fluid treatment system that includes a flow duct in which a fluid stream flowing through the duct is mixed with the treating agent. The apparatus is based on a multi-pipe lance positioned in the stream flow, where each pipe supplies a minimum of feed discharge nozzles (typically one to four), and the individual pipes branch off from the same location. Use of the multi-pipe lance, in combination with a suitable baffle, results in better overall dispersion/distribution of the injected medium by surface area. By improving the surface area distribution, better utilization of the injected sorbent can be achieved. The baffle acts to generate a low pressure zone on its downstream side and creates a high-intensity turbulence plume in the fluid. The orifices of the pipe are located to inject the treating agent into the turbulence plume to better distribute and intermix the injected treating agent into the surrounding fluid.

Abstract: The invention features an apparatus and a method for supplying ozonated water to more than one process tool. Ozonated water of a first concentration received from an ozonated water generator and water received from a source are mixed to produce ozonated water of a second concentration. The ozonated water of a second concentration is supplied to a first process tool. Ozonated water from the ozonated water generator is supplied to a second process tool while supplying the ozonated water of the second concentration to the first process tool.

Abstract: A chemical/biological wastewater treatment apparatus employing rapid sludge chemical dewatering technology in conjunction with an environmental biological system for treating the separated treated wastewater by land applying it for the propagation of biosynthetic fuels and other plants; and/or passing it through aqueous plant, algae, or microbial reduction of the dissolved solids and ammonia for BOD compliance to produce water of sufficient quality to meet open stream and ocean effluent discharge requirements; and disposing of the high BTU low moisture solids.

Abstract: The water to treat is received in a chamber (1) with a rapid mixer and from there it passes to a second chamber for coagulation (3) and from that to a third chamber for flocculation (4) where it is mixed with certain coagulating reagents. It then enters a separator (7) provided with some filtering membranes (5) where it is clarified. In the separator (7) there are some air nozzles (6) which sweep the surface of the said filtering membranes (5), some inlet nozzles (8) for floccules coming from the coagulation-flocculation and other air outlet nozzles (6) for distribution of said floccules underneath the membrane (5).

Abstract: A product and apparatus for cleaning water or industrial and sewage waste water includes a mixture of diatomite that is heated and stirred to impart an enhanced negative electrical charge to the diatomite. A mixture of approximately 50% aluminium chloride (AlCl3) by volume is blended to provide a powder mixture for use as a flocculant in the system. According to a modification, the charged diatomite is instead blended with a mixture of approximately 50% ferric chloride (FeCl3) by volume and is stored in liquid form for later use as a flocculent in the system. From one to five percent, by volume, of polyacrylamide is preferably added to the mixture for use in sewage waste water treatment applications. An efficient system for reacting either the mixture or separately adding the diatomite and the metallic chloride to the water is described.

Abstract: The invention provides an extraction device (1) for liquid suspensions and pulps and is designed for use in the field of mineral processing. The extraction device includes two adjacent upstream and downstream concentric chambers (2) and (3) defining a feedwell (4). The feedwell is centrally located upstream of a third chamber in the form of a thickening tank (5). All three chambers are in sequential unidirectional fluid flow relationship such that feed liquid flows firstly from chamber (2) to chamber (3) and then to the tank (5).

Abstract: A microporous diffuser includes a first elongated member including at least one sidewall having a plurality of microscopic openings. The sidewall defines an interior hollow portion of the member. The diffuser has a second elongated member having a second sidewall having a plurality of microscopic openings, the second member being disposed through the hollow region of the first member. The diffuser includes an end cap to seal a first end of the microporous diffuser and an inlet cap disposed at a second end of microporous diffuser for receiving inlet fittings.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for purifying water by dissolving one or more soluble metal salts in the water to provide corresponding metal ions, by dissolving hypohalite into the water, and by regulating the residence time, and thus hypohalite concentration in the device using a venturi nozzle disposed between the metal generator and the hypohalite generator.

Abstract: An adsorption apparatus and method of adsorption for treatment of wastewater is disclosed, and comprises an inlet for the wastewater connected to a metals trap which adsorbs metals and a second trap which filters organic materials from the wastewater, positioned between the inlet and the metals trap, wherein the second trap at least partially comprises either a phosphate or an activated carbon. The metals trap can be, for example, fish bone char. A method of manufacturing fish bone char is also disclosed.