Abstract: Method and system for extraction of fat or oil-soluble components, e.g. PAH, NDP and/or BTX, from produced water being separated from an oil or gas plant. The method is characterized by injection of a liquid consisting of hydrocarbons from the oil or gas plant into the water flow, the injection liquid having a lower content of the oil soluble components than the original oil phase in equilibrium with the water, the injection liquid is atomized into the whole water phase and the water/hydrocarbon mixture is given a predetermined retention time thus to allow mass transferring of the oil soluble components from the water to the injection liquid, before the injection liquid is separated from the water in a separator, preferably a hydro cyclone, the injection liquid being adapted to the separators working range for pressure and temperature.

Abstract: A filtering device (1), and particularly a filtering device (1), applied to a filter for home water purification is disclosed. The object of this invention is to provide a water filter of a device (1) which improves the efficiency in the water filtration accomplished by ceramic cores (10), thus eliminating the need of employing carbon filled cores or further elements for the filtration (2), and which, in addition, also enables the replacement of the element (1) without the need to replace the core (10). Such object is attained by a filtering device (1), adaptive to a filtering core (10) to be used in a water filter, the core (10) having a tubular projection (14), the device (1) comprising a recipient (3) filled with filtering elements (2), the recipient (3) being associated to a tubular projection (14) and trapping the water previously filtered by the core (10).

Abstract: Discloses is apparatus for extracting biomass from a biomass supply, including a hollow vessel in which is established a countercurrent flow of biomass in the form of liquid or particles of biomass entrained in a liquid and solvent. The vessel includes an outlet for a solvent/extract mixture at a first vessel side and an outlet for biomass at a second vessel side. The solvent/extract mixture outlet is coupled to a closed loop circuit that includes at least a separator which encompasses a condenser having first and second stages connected in series with the second of such stages operating at a lower temperature than the first stage and both stages supplying substantially uncontaminated solvent to the hollow vessel.

Abstract: By treating potable water at a temperature of at least 230° C. (446° C.) and at a pressure at least equal to the pressure of saturated steam at said temperature, can produce pyrogen-free water using treatment times of 0.05 to 5 seconds or less. The addition of an oxidant, in the form of a gas, a liquid, or a solid, further decreases the required treatment time to less than 0.05 second. The reduction in equipment size achieved with this rapid treatment time allows the utilization of treatment units small enough to be easily transported to remote locations or installed in the restricted space environment existing in ships and submarines.

Abstract: The present invention is a multi-process water treatment system including a manifold, a disinfectant source adapted to supply a substantially continuous flow of disinfectant to the manifold, a plurality of water treatment processes fluidly coupled to the manifold, a plurality of sensor means, each sensor means coupled to a water treatment process, the sensor means adapted to communicate data representative of the concentration of the disinfectant present in each water treatment process, a central controller means adapted to receive data from the plurality of sensor means, a disinfectant discharge conduit, and a three-way diverting valve disposed in fluid communication between each branch of the manifold and each water treatment process, the valve having a first position wherein disinfectant is delivered to the water treatment process and a second position wherein disinfectant is delivered to the disinfectant discharge conduit.

Abstract: There is disclosed a system capable of purifying water to a laboratory grade level that uses redox media, high energy catalytic activated carbon, ultraviolet radiation and high purity ion exchange media in series filtration. The system produces purified water having a specific resistance of at least 18.2 megohm·cm at 25° C. with low organic carbon content. The system is designed to be fabricated on a sufficiently small scale to fit on a lab bench top.

Abstract: A system and method for enhancing the flux and separation properties of water filtration membranes by oxidizing raw or processed water constituents with direct photolysis of the water matrix by pulsed blackbody UV, yielding ozone and hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals and other short lived oxidizing species. The result thereof, causing precipitation of inorganic molecules or organically complexed minerals, partial or complete mineralization of organic molecules and the deactivation or destruction of microbes including: virus, bacteria and protozoa. The system and method comprises a pulsed blackbody, deep-UV reactor having at least one treatment chamber, the reactor having a conveying assembly to convey the water to be treated into the chamber; a filter assembly to screen the UV treated water; a caustic supply means for the post-treatment of water; a recovering assembly recovering the permeate at an outlet of the filtration means. The effect of such UV water treatment is multifaceted.

Abstract: A process for producing improved alkaline water includes filtering potable source water to remove selected particles and then purifying the filtered water. Selected alkaline minerals are added to the purified water, with the resulting mineralized water being then electrolyzed to produce streams of acidic water and alkaline water, the alkaline water having a pH within the range of 9-10, a TDS range of 22-240 ppm (parts per million) and alkalinity in the range of 12-216 ppm.

Abstract: A fuel collection and rehabilitation device for use in connection with diesel engines, the diesel engine having a fuel filter having an interior volume for containing fuel therein. The fuel collection and rehabilitation device having conduits for releasable fluid communication with the interior volume. A pumping device selectively moves the fuel from the fuel filter to a collection receptacle and then through a filtration device. The fuel then can be selectively routed back to the fuel filter connected to the diesel engine.

Abstract: The present invention provides treatment of wastewater containing oil, organic and inorganic industrial compounds, urea, and e.t.c. The resulting products will be purified water, dry fertilizer, pure carbomide, uncontaminated gas and liquid fuel, and other products that can be separated from the concentrate after ultrafiltration. In order to accomplish those and other objectives the present invention improves the system for cleaning wastewater by subjecting the wastewater to a magnetic field and heating it before the initial settling process. In addition, before ultrafiltration, the liquid is treated in an electroflotation device. The wastewater cleaning system can also be comprised of a urea separator for separating urea from other products.

Abstract: A process and system for recovering fine coal having a size at or below 400 mesh. The process and system includes a series of cyclone separators, vibratory separators, centrifuges and a flow path to clean, recover and dewater fine coal having a nominal size of 3 mm down to 400 mesh or below. The process and system includes the use of commercially available components arranged in a novel manner to efficiently recover fine coal for use in various energy supplying systems.

Abstract: A water filter includes an egg-shaped housing formed from a lower shell and an upper shell. The lower shell is divided into an intake chamber and an outflow chamber. A filter or membrane is placed between the upper and lower shells.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment process that provides improved reduction of total solids through endogenous respiration while reducing biochemical oxygen demand and utilizing biological nutrient reduction. The wastewater treatment process uses an efficient aeration delivery system to drastically reduce the time needed to oxidize organic matter, and re-circulates, shreds and homogenizes the organic matter and microorganisms and oxygenates the entire mass many more times than traditional systems resulting in a greater biological solids digestion rate.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for removing solutes from a solution using a nano-filtration means to provide a treated solution.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing a building with the entire requirements of AC/DC electrical power, fuel gas, and pure water in a single integrated unit. The method is based on the convertion of graphite from solid state to a gaseous state using an electrolysis process underwater.

Abstract: A process and system for pretreating, gathering, transmitting and finally treating waste produced at multiple locations includes pretreating the waste proximate the generation site, gathering the pretreated waste and transmitting the waste to a final treatment facility. One or more gathering stations, with sensing and feedback mechanisms, allow for controlled injection of waste to collection lines, and segments thereof, to control system demand through the collection line and to final treatment facility. The pretreating step includes removing particulates that impede the flow of waste through the collection lines.

Abstract: A water circulation and filtration system for maintaining a high level of water quality in aquariums is provided. Preferably the system is used in conjunction with a gravel screen, which is located just above the base of the aquarium. The inventive system comprises a vertical water flushing tube connected to a water supply or a reverse power-head pump and having an opening positioned in proximity to the base of the aquarium and below the gravel screen. A water circulation tube and water draining tube, each of which have openings located immediately above the base of the aquarium and below the gravel screen, are provided at the opposing end of the aquarium. The water circulation tube is connected at its other end to a standard filter, while the water draining tube is connected at its other end to a hose leading to a sink, drain or external container.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for recycling drilling mud contaminated with particulates, consists of channelling a stream of contaminated slurry onto a screen deck, with the partly cleansed liquid entering a mixing tank. Liquid within the tank is continually mixed. An exit conduit removes liquid from the tank on a continuous basis, where it is given an additional purification with a cyclonic separator. The heavier fraction is further screened, with the resulting purified liquid re-entering the tank. The lighter fraction exists the cyclonic separator, and a portion of the lighter liquid is withdrawn for use as a substantially cleansed liquid. Another portion of the lighter fraction is re-circulated back into the tank, thus providing multi passes through the system to provide enhanced purification. The cleansed liquid may be directed into a separate mixing apparatus, in which additional slurry-forming powder such as Bentonite is added for forming a new slurry.

Abstract: A water purifier including a cover body mounted on top of a cylindrical seat having a partition board, with a delicate filtering cylinder and a plurality of filtering cylinders mounted on to the partition board in two rows. The partition board has a surrounding edge provided with a plurality of circular holes, each of the plurality of circular holes having a cavity box arranged underneath, each of the plurality of cavity boxes having two magnets and a cover board. A plurality of water conduits connects said delicate filtering cylinder and said plurality of filtering cylinders via said circular holes. The cylindrical seat also includes control panel provided with a water inlet for connecting to a tap, a water outlet port for magnetized and purified water, and an overflow port for removing water which accumulates at the partition board.

Abstract: A process for separating oily films from sand particles carried in a solvent free water stream includes the use of a jet pump scrubber in a density classification tank to treat such oily coated particles at controlled operating temperatures above 65° C. whereby, at such controlled temperature, enhanced cavitation in the jet pump separates the oily film from the sand particles to form slop oil, the tank providing for recirculation of the particles through the jet pump before discharge.

Abstract: The apparatus and methods of the present invention enable efficient and appropriate treatment of Urban Water Runoff, so that the treated Urban water Runoff can be can be introduced into public waterways without contaminating such waterways. The system apparatus utilizes adsorptive Organoclay media, mechanical filtration and ultraviolet sterilization. The methods and apparatus of the present invention remove contaminants from Urban Water Runoff to a level which enable the resulting effluent to meet appropriate standards for introducing the treated Urban water Runoff in to public waterways. The method and apparatus of water treatment of the present invention does not utilize chlorine containing compounds which, when combined with organic compounds can produce THM's that can become problematic when re-introduced to the downstream environment. The systems of the present invention can be made sufficiently compact so as to enable their use in remote locations.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus comprises a first housing having an inlet, an outlet, and a chamber defined therebetween wherein the inlet is connected to an upstream water pipe. A series of magnets are arranged for attachment about the upstream water pipe for directing a magnetic field onto water flowing downstream into the first housing chamber. First and second electrodes of a copper and silver alloy are positioned in the first housing chamber for releasing copper and silver ions into the water therein to reduce bacteria levels of the water. A heating coil is disposed in the first housing for boiling the water in the first housing chamber. The apparatus includes a second housing having an inlet, an outlet, and a chamber defined therebetween. A conduit connects the outlet of the first housing with the inlet of the second housing for supplying water vapor from the first housing chamber to the second housing chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a point-of-use water treatment system unit. The unit includes a filter housing assembly having a filter tank assembly and a closure which utilizes a handle and cammed reciprocating lock blades to secure the closure to the filter tank assembly. A UV tank assembly includes a planar baffle plate and a vaned baffle plate to induce plug flow about a UV lamp assembly. A UV lamp assembly is used which simultaneously electrically and sealingly mounts to a UV tank assembly and electrical cap assembly using a bayonet mount. A bi-planar manifold assembly is used to interconnect components of the WTS unit and to provide an envelope for accommodating a water pipe assembly. The bi-planar manifold assembly enhances the compactness of the design of the WTS unit. Also, a support plate is disclosed which provides support to subcomponents of the WITS unit while also dissipating heat from a UV tank assembly.

Abstract: An automatic system and process for effectively, reliably and economically reconditioning for direct reuse various waste water, and particularly that in the poultry and other food processing industries, without the use of added chemicals and filter-aid compounds. The system includes water filtration and purification units, the purification unit consisting of an ultra-violet sterilizer. The integrity of the reconditioned water is continuously monitored in-line by sensors, which information is directly correlated to correspond to associated levels of solids and microorganisms. This invention presents a fully automated process to provide reconditioned water essentially free of microorganisms and of acceptable clarity to meet current United States Department of Agriculture regulations for food processing reuse.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a point-of-use water treatment system (WTS) unit (20) for filtering and treating contaminants in water. WTS unit (20) may include a first primary coil (74) located in a base unit (22) which inductively power a secondary treatment device such as a UV lamp assembly (24). A filter assembly (26) is used which has a filter block (90) and an inner sleeve (92) which extends inside filter block (90). Inner sleeve (92) defines a chamber in which the secondary treatment device (24) may be disposed. First and second valves and seals may be interposed between the filter assembly (26), secondary treatment device (24) and base unit (22) to allow the filter assembly (26) and secondary treatment device (24) to be independently replaceable. Secondary treatment device (24) may be a lamp assembly (24) which includes a condensing element (84) to condense mercury in a bulb in the arc path between filaments (444).

Abstract: A swimming pool installation including a skimmer device, a vacuum system, a pump and a valve module is disclosed. A seat divides the valve module into an upstream chamber coupled to the skimmer device and a downstream chamber coupled to the vacuum system and the pump. A piston having a seal is mounted in the upstream chamber for reciprocal movement in opposition to the seat and is biased away from the seat. A pawl is mounted to the piston for rotation and stops are mounted adjacent the pawl. The piston moves reciprocally in response to a cyclical application and removal of water movement there across caused by a cyclical operation of the pump, which causes the pawl to interact with the stops and cycle between a locked condition securing the seal away from the seat and an unlocked condition permitting the seal to move against the seat.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for treating water to remove suspended solids, disinfect for bacteria and viruses and remove color, taste and odor to produce a potable water. A bactericide is introduced which is relatively stable and long term. The system and method introduces the bactericide to the water in an amount sufficient to kill the bacteria and inactivate viruses, The bactericide is maintained in the water at least for a time period sufficient to kill the bacteria in the water, and, until the water is desired to be consumed at which time the water may be passed through an ion exchange. In this way, there is a decreased likelihood that the water will become recontaminated with the same bacteria and/or viruses before the water is desired to be used. In one embodiment, the bactericide comprises metal ions, such as silver ions and/or copper and zinc ions.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an apparatus for the depuration of drinkable water for domestic use comprising at least an active coal filter, a volumetric pump, a nanofiltration membrane and a regulation and control system.

Abstract: The invention provides a simple, compact water treatment structure that is easily modified to use a plurality of different treatment technologies in a cost-effective manner. The system is a multi-celled tank with access to each cell for the installation of selected treatment technologies. The cells are connected in series, so that each successively improves the condition of the water. Technologies that may be employed by this system include solids settling, oil-water separation, air stripping, carbon adsorption, biological degradation, filtration, and nutrient injection. A large mass of water is retained in a relatively small area to allow high retention times and efficient treatment of the water. Simple and reliable gravity control is used to for water flow through much of the system. A complete water treatment system may be constructed in a single vessel. Treatment technologies may be changed over the life of the system to maintain treatment and cost efficiencies.

Abstract: A household apparatus for treating water has a water treatment reactor; a dispense water path extending from the water treatment reactor to a dispenser whereby treated water produced in the water treatment reactor exits the apparatus by the dispenser; a filter removably mounted in the dispense water path; and, a sensor, (which may be a timer, a flow rate sensor and/or a back pressure sensor) for monitoring the flow of a treated water through the filter, the apparatus issuing a signal advising a user to change the filter when the time for the treated water to flow through the filter exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: A tetraalkylammonium hydroxide (TAAH) solution recovered from a development waste through separation therefrom of impurities such as photoresist is mixed with a surface-active substance to have the surface tension thereof adjusted to a desired one, and then reused as a rejuvenated developer. Thus, the surface-active effect (wetting properties) of the rejuvenated developer recovered from the development waste is properly adjusted and controlled, whereby fine photoresist patterns can be stably and effectively developed. Usable surface-active substances include surfactants, and dissolved photoresist contained in the development waste or a photoresist-containing solution such as a photoresist-containing treated solution derived therefrom.

Abstract: A improved activated sludge system and method for treating wastewater containing contaminants is disclosed which offers a broad array of advantages over conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment systems, including smaller size, higher rates of operation, higher oxygen transfer efficiency, lower operating costs, and a substantially decreased level of excess sludge production. The improved activated sludge waste treatment system of the present invention has two processing tanks rather than the several tanks that are commonly found in activated sludge systems for treatment and sludge management equalizations, including anaerobic processes. The first processing tank is a contact tank which hosts a reaction which functions not merely to digest the maximum amount of contaminants, but instead to bind contaminants to the microorganisms through absorption, adsorption, precipitation, or digestion so that they can then be removed from the liquid in a solid/liquid separator.

Abstract: A filtration system includes a magnetic drum for removing ferrous shavings and a dual canister filter unit equipped with replaceable filter bags. This palletized system may be plugged into most machine tools to filter the shavings-laden coolant to remove the metal shavings, tramp oil, sludge and dirt from liquid coolant to extend its useful life and minimize or eliminate down time.

Abstract: A combination filter/dehydrator is disclosed which first filters a stream of oil or fluid of low volatility to remove particulate contaminants, and then passes the stream through a dehydrator 38 to remove free, emulsified, or dissolved entrained water. A pressure control valve 46 is provided to enable a portion of the oil stream to bypass the dehydrator in order to maintain a predetermined pressure differential across the dehydrator membrane. A discharge chamber (FIG. 5) is provided at an outlet of the dehydrator to prevent the loss of oil that has permeated the dehydrator membrane. A sweep gas stream 70 for removing water from the permeate side of the dehydrator membrane can include a coalescer 72 (FIG. 4) for removing liquids entrained in the sweep gas before entering device.

Abstract: An effluent treating method, comprising the steps of: vaporizing effluent containing chlorine-based organic matter and producing vaporized gas containing chlorine-based organic gas; reacting said vaporized gas with photocatalytic material, with irradiating ultraviolet light, and decomposing the vaporized gas; and absorbing, adsorbing, or neutralizing the reacting step. The treatment is therefore efficiently conducted and discharge of secondary products such as chlorine-based gas can be suppressed.

Abstract: An arrangement for treating flora and fauna waste such as garbage under subcritical pressure and temperature. A slurry preparation unit (10) mixes the flora and fauna waste (11) with water (12) and sodium hydroxide (13) to prepare a slurry. A diaphragm pump (16) then pressurizes the slurry to subcritical pressure of water (20 Mpa). Subsequently, a hydrothermal reaction tube (25) heats the pressurized slurry to cause hydrothermal reaction in a subcritical condition thereby obtaining dissolved waste. The dissolved waste is depressurized and fed to an oxidization unit (22) for oxidation.

Abstract: A portable water treatment unit is provided for purifying contaminated water, especially in the aftermath of a natural disaster that compromises a region's water supply. The treatment unit is configured to treat water drawn into the unit. The treatment unit comprises an inlet connected to a pump. The pump outlet is connected to a solid separator for removing larger particles such as sand and silt. A series of filters is connected to the pump outlet, the filters being arranged from coarsest to finest. The filters remove smaller particles from the water. The water from the filters eventually flows into an ultraviolet light disinfection unit configured to purify water by emitting ultraviolet light thereon. An outlet of the UV light disinfection unit is configured to expel purified water for drinking and other uses. Pressure gages are provided for monitoring the pressure drops across the filters.

Abstract: A system and method for converting animal, vegetable, and food byproduct materials into useful bio-gas and fertilizer, and/or soil amendment products has an anaerobic digester, a liquid-solids separating unit, an ammonia stripper, an ammonia absorption unit, a solids processing unit, and an equilization tank. The system and method use anaerobic digestion to break down the fats, oils, and greases, proteinaceous, and carbonaceous substances contained in the byproducts. Anaerobic digestion creates bio-gas, mainly methane and carbon dioxide, waste biosolids, which can contain phosphorous, nitrogen and other trace minerals, and a liquid effluent with significant ammonia levels. Ammonia, a useful ingredient for fertilizer formulation, is recovered from the effluent. The solids and the extracted ammonia and/or phosphorous can also be used to make fertilizer and/or soil amendment materials.

Abstract: An artificial spa generator includes a clean water part 10, a spa generating part 20, and a first guide pipe 15 connecting the clean water part outlet and the spa generating part inlet. A dirt removing filter element 12, a softening filter element 13, and an active carbon filter element 14 are provided in the clean water part. The spa generating part has spa medical stones 21 for introducing minerals into the water. Flow meters 40, 41 are provided upstream and downstream of the clean water part for determining when the filter elements should be changed. A valve/piping arrangement is also included for introducing an odor essence into the spa water from an odor essence storage section 32. A thermometer 50 may also be provided therein.

Abstract: A deionized water producing apparatus includes a pretreatment apparatus having a reverse osmosis apparatus, and an electrodeionization apparatus having a diluting compartment filled with an ion exchanger. In order to disinfect the deionized water producing apparatus, hot water of higher than 80° C. is flown through the pretreatment apparatus, and hot water of higher than 60° C. is flown through the electrodeionization apparatus. Hot water flowing thorough the electrodeionization apparatus is gradually heated at a rate of 0.1-10° C./min.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and a method for waste water treatment not generating excessive sludge, for which down-sized tanks are usable. The apparatus comprises an aeration tank where waste water to be treated is kept in contact with carrier particles in an aerobic condition, and a complete oxidation tank. In this, the liquid in the complete oxidation tank is filtered through a separation membrane and the resulting filtrate is discharged out of the system. The s-BOD sludge load to the complete oxidation tank is preferably at most 0.1 kg-BOD/kg-MLSS·day.

Abstract: The invention uses the electro-kinetic principle for a method for the cleaning of materials contaminated with heavy metals, whereby use is made of an apparatus comprising two charge-selective ion-exchange membranes with different charges combined with an inner and an outer electrolyte solution chambers which are separated by the membranes which serve a blocking function. A surprisingly good degree of removal is achieved, particularly in relation to the current consumption, and at the same time the heavy metals can be precipitated in a separate vessel such that they can be reused.

Abstract: In a method for treating a contaminated fluid stream, a characteristic of a flow of the composition to a carbon adsorption zone is sensed. The sensing is remotely monitored to determine a treatment for the contaminated fluid stream. The contaminated fluid stream is then treated according to the monitoring. A system for treating a contaminated fluid stream comprises a sensor that senses a characteristic of a flow of a contaminated fluid stream prior to treatment and a monitor to receive information concerning the characteristic from the sensor and to consequently control the carbon adsorption zone to treat the contaminated fluid stream. The monitor is situated at a location remote from the carbon adsorption zone.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the invention includes a wastewater treatment plant having, in serial fluid flow relationship, a wastewater source, a wastewater treatment plant, and a discharge site. The wastewater treatment plant has, in serial fluid flow relationship, an aerobic bioreactor in fluid flow communication with the wastewater source and an anoxic bioreactor in fluid flow communication with the discharge site. Fixed film packing for growing microbes is disposed in first and second tanks of the first and second bioreactors, respectively. A primary holding tank is disposed between the wastewater source and the aerobic bioreactor. A first pump is used for pumping liquid out of the primary hold tank through a first pressure line into the first tank to a pressure line outlet in a bottom of the first tank.

Abstract: A method and system for treating sludge in a wastewater facility involving a novel concentration step optimises the energy balance and sludge solids mass reduction incurred from concentration and low pressure homogenization of the sludge.

Abstract: A method of treating sewage or waste water for removing nitrogen and phosphorus as well as organic materials in the sewage or waste water, and an apparatus therefor are provided. The method applies intermittent aeration and dynamic flow to an equipment having at least a pair of reaction basins with intermittent aeration means, a clarifier with sludge transfer means, and a filter for passing liquid without passing solid between the reaction basins. According to the method, the efficiency of removing nutrient salts is excellent and stable even in the treatment of waste water having low content of influent organisms and low C/N ratio.

Abstract: A swimming pool water treatment system for removing iron from feed water, with the system including a large storage/reaction vessel to which a branch injection/filtration circuit is coupled. An alkali metal hypochlorite is injected into water flowing through the injection/filtration circuit and delivered to the storage/reaction vessel to permit precipitation of the iron oxide. A bank of parallelly coupled filters are provided in the branch filtration circuit upstream from the hypochlorite injection site for removal of insoluble iron precipitated from the treated water within the storage/reaction vessel. The branch injection/filtration circuit further incorporates an ozone injector valve where a flow of ozone is continuously introduced to water flowing through the branch injection/filtration circuit. The storage/reaction vessel is sized sufficiently large so as to permit an adequate contact dwell time for formation of the insoluble iron precipitate.

Abstract: A self-contained, portable rainwater collecting and purifying system for collecting, filtering and disinfecting rainwater or other precipitation primarily for drinking purposes. In a preferred embodiment the portable rainwater collecting and purifying system is characterized by a housing which contains the system components. The bottom of the housing is typically fitted with skids or wheels, and a pair of sloped water collection panels is typically hinged to the housing for receiving the falling rainwater. A collection gutter receives the rainwater from the panels and drains the rainwater into a vertical standpipe fitted with a typically screen filter or filters. As the rising water in the standpipe eventually overflows, the overflowing, partially filtered water leaves the standpipe and enters a water collection tank through a hopper typically fitted with a gravity-flow filter or filters.

Abstract: Wastewater from a chemical-mechanical polishing process (CMP) used in semiconductor chip fabrication has hitherto been, and is still being, discharged into the public sewage system after chemical neutralization and sedimentation. This has the drawback that water consumption is considerable. It is therefore an object of the invention to reduce the total amount of wastewater produced that has to be discharged. This is achieved by the wastewater to be treated being subjected to an ultra-filtration. This allows the treated CMP wastewater to be reused within the plant. In particular, it can be recycled in order again to recover therefrom deionized water of a very high purity for operational purposes, e.g. for CMP.

Abstract: A water purification apparatus and methods for the purification of water are provided. The invention features an atmospherically-isolated, but ventable, reservoir electrolysis cell with control features for selecting an electrolysis duration depending on temperature, time since last electrolysis, or time since last gas venting. The device and associated method can easily take a wide range of input water qualities into account for the production of an effective amount of sterilizing water.