Abstract: A filtering system for use with fish-containing ponds and bodies of water is disclosed. More particularly, the filtering system includes chambers for harboring micro-organisms which clean organic waste from the water flowing therethrough from the pond. The chambers include by-pass conduits so that a given chamber may be taken out of service for cleaning without interrupting the flow of water through the rest of the system. Further, movable walls are provided so that several chambers contained in a single structure may be varied in number and in size according to a pond's requirements. Also included is an air manifold for use in supplying air to the micro-organisms.

Abstract: A liquid filtration system is provided which includes a traveling bridge device mounting air scour and backwash means for successively cleaning each of a plurality of filter cells formed in a filtration tank. The air scour means includes a first hood open to atmosphere and adapted for sealing engagement with each filter cell. The first hood may include an air scour inlet conduit for supplying air under pressure to each cell. The backwash means includes a second hood also adapted for sealing engagement with each filter cell and includes a backwash conduit for creating suction within each filter cell. In one embodiment where the air scour pump is mounted on the traveling bridge carriage, each cell is provided with a vertical riser adapted for sealing engagement with the air scour inlet conduit in the air scour hood. In an alternative arrangement, the air is supplied from a ground installed pump, through a common inlet manifold, to the individual cells.

Abstract: A fish tank filter comprising an overflow tank for collecting surface waters from a fish tank, means for conveying the waters to a dry filter, a dry filter comprising a plurality of vertically stacked filter pans each having a filter material therein, a means for collecting the effluent from the dry filter and conveying it to a wet filter, a wet filter comprising a plurality of serially arranged filter material-containing filter compartments in a tank, and means for returning purified water to the fish tank.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus for use in a post-mix beverage dispenser enables purification of water, removal of water hardness and sterilization of water which is normally accomplished by a precipitation/floculation process used in a bottling plant. This apparatus can treat the water for beverage dispensing purposes and will not require high capital expenditures. The apparatus includes a removable, disposable cartridge having a reactor or first section filled with sand, carbon granules or other heat-conducting material for removing the bicarbonate content and other impurities from the water and a filter or second section having a filter and activated carbon screen for removing solids, traces of chlorine and dissolved organic material from the water. The apparatus also includes heat exchanger coils and a heating element for raising the temperature of the water as well as a holding tank having a gas trap for collecting and removing carbon dioxide and chlorine gas.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing chemical oxygen demand levels in water which includes the steps of:(a) mixing the water to be treated with at least one oxygen source;(b) contacting the water with a first, activated alumina catalyst;(c) contacting the water with a catalyst selected from the group consisting of Group VIIIB metals, Group IB metals, or mixtures thereof;(d) reacting chemical contaminants in the water with the oxgen source; and finally(e) contacting the water with an adsorptive material such as activated carbon.The present invention also includes a method and apparatus for regenerating the catalyst in situ by contacting the catalyst with alkaline and acidic aqueous inorganic regeneration solutions.

Abstract: A filter unit (1) has an annular pleated paper filter element (9) the pleats of which are sealed at their end edges (92) to define inwardly opening pockets. Consequently, gaskets (8) need only seal the radially innermost periphery of each end of the filter element (9), and end plates (4,5) supporting the gaskets (8) may be given a smaller diameter than the element (9).

Abstract: A continuous contacting device is disclosed wherein a fluid stream may be contacted with particulate exchange materials. The device includes a plurality of rotating chambers filled with particulate material. Fluid is supplied individually to these chambers through a plurality feed ports which are in periodic fluid communicating relation with each of the chambers. A plurality of fixed discharge ports which are likewise in periodic fluid communicating relation with each of the chambers is also provided. A process for continuously contacting fluids with the solid particulates is also disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided an improved method of cleansing a filter bed utilizing a backwash pump (12) having an inlet line (14) and an outlet line (16). The improved method and system includes two cycle operations. Initially, the filter bed is backwashed to remove contaminants from the filter bed with the backwash pump (12) drawing liquid from an effluent channel (32) through a first diverter valve (18). The fluid flows through a second diverter valve (20) and a first throttling control valve (36) for insert into a backwash shoe (38). In the purging cycle, fluid may be recirculated from the backwash pump (12) through the backwash shoe (38) and then back to the backwash pump (12) with a portion of the fluid being diverted through a second diverter valve (20') into an egress line (42).

Abstract: A continuous industrial separation process for biopolymer extracts each individual single component from a stream of cell extract. The process can be set up as a mixed flow reactor or fluidized bed in a continuous operation under normal pressure to treat a volume of cell extract in a short period of time. The separated single biopolymer is continuously withdrawn from the process and be easily condensed into the desired concentration. A resin, which can be an ion exchanger or affinity adsorbent or dye ligand adsorbent or hydrophobic adsorbent or immunoadsorbent, is evenly suspended in a well mixed reactor to equilibrate with the biopolymers in the liquid phase. The fundamental separation scheme is successive adsorption and desorption of biopolymer from liquid. Biopolymers are isolated into a single stream or multistreams for one component or many individual components. Each stream contains only one high purity biopolymer.

Abstract: Filter cartridge for the improvement of the quality of drinking water, consisting of a vessel (10) with sieve-type covered apertures (18, 44) filled with a compound (16) of ion exchange resin and/or absorbent carbon together with a bacterio-statically effective material, in particular silver, in dissociable form, through which the water to be treated is conducted mainly in a downwards direction, the vessel having a collection space (48), for a limited quantity of water, originating from the vessel's floor (42), which is separated from the outlet aperture (44). Thus drying out of the cartridge through non-use over a longer period of time or through misuse is prevented and the effectiveness of the bacterio-statically effective material is retained to combat the feared multiplication of germs in the treatment compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rotary valve for distributing a fluid in various directions and collecting fluids from various directions. The rotary valve consists of two stator disks having passages that constitute a part of complete passages through which the fluid runs, and a rotor disposed between the two stator disks and having passages which communicate with selected at least two of the passages in the stator disks to form complete passages through which the fluid runs. Each time the rotor is turned intermittently, different passages are formed through which the fluid runs.

Abstract: A system to remove contaminants from water includes, in the pressurized water flow lines, a venturi nozzle assembly to entrain air in the water, a pressure tank to store and deliver the air laden water, an aerator/precipitator tank assembly to remove the excess air and any residual gases from the water in the pressurized system and to remove contaminants from the water and a filter tank having a filtration bed therein to remove the remaining precipitated contaminants from the water and to deliver the water to service.

Abstract: A therapeutic apparatus for the removal of a harmful agent from blood is provided in the form of an array of hollow fiber bundles connected in parallel, wherein the interior surfaces of the individual hollow fibers are coated with a covalently bound proteinaceous or other immunoadsorbent selected for specific removal of the harmful agent. In the disclosed method the apparatus is optionally connected as an extracorporeal shunt between the artery and vein of a patient to be treated and the blood is alternately routed through one fiber bundle while the remaining fiber bundles undergo regeneration. Specific embodiments include the removal of rheumatoid factor by covalently bound immunoglobulin G and the removal of digoxin by covalently bound anti-digoxin.

Abstract: This invention provides a method and an apparatus for effecting counter-current mass exchange between two non-miscible phases A and B, for example a liquid phase A and a liquid or solid phase B, circulating in opposite directions from one end to an opposite end of a vertical tower comprising a plurality of superposed chambers in which the first phase A is caused to circulate continuously and the second phase B is caused to circulate discontinuously. One chamber is empty and is adapted to receive the phase B contained in the next chamber thereabove, the two chambers being isolated from any supply of phases A and B. A small fraction of the liquid phase A is diverted for directing continuously this phase to the other chambers of the tower, the thus diverted fraction being introduced into the next chamber above the empty chamber for carrying away the phase B contained in the lower empty chamber, this diverted fraction being reintroduced into the circuit.

Abstract: Apparatus for the separation of suspended solids from a fluid under pressure, by means of a granulate-bed, consisting of granulates of at least two sizes of grain of a material which does not swell during the filtration operation. During the filtration operation, the fluid flows through the granular medium filterbed in one direction and filtrate used for backwashing the separated solids flows in the opposite direction. The granulate-bed is held firmly together during the filtration operation and during the purification by a compression source, that generates such a compression on the granulate-bed, that it keeps the relative position of the granulate-particles with respect to each other in the granulate-bed, both under the action of flow during filtration process as well as during the purification process, in essence permanently in place.

Abstract: A filter apparatus in which a generally horizontal bed of filter material is supported in a tank on a porous support above the bottom of the tank and is divided by spaced partitions into individual filter cells above the support and individual filter compartments below the support, and a carriage is mounted for movement along the filter bed and has a collector hood that moves along the top of the bed to collect backwash effluent therefrom and a backwash head arranged to direct backwash fluid into the compartments below the porous support to sequentially backwash the filter cells. A cell scavenging head is mounted on the carriage for movement along the filter bed and arranged to sequentially withdraw fluid from each filter compartment and down-flow scavenge and rinse the associated filter cell subsequent to backwashing of each filter cell.

Abstract: A filtering system for potable water has a stand and a basket-shaped filter for filtering potable water. The stand has an upper cantilevered branch with an opening sized to hold said filter. This filter is detachably mounted in the opening.

Abstract: A separation device designed to effect substantially continuous separation and/or fractionation operations as in, for example, ion exchange or other solid-fluid contacting systems. Also disclosed and claimed is a method for effecting such continuous treatment of plural fluid streams. The device is characterized by its construction to permit treatment of plural streams simultaneously and continuously. Fixed inlet and outlet nipples are provided for introducing and removing the fluid streams, and the inlet and outlet nipples are operatively interconnected by a rotating member which is internally divided into a plurality of working sections. By virtue of the rotatable construction of that member and its plural working sections, discrete fluid streams may be treated separately, yet simultaneously. Furthermore, the device of this invention is such that fluid flow in either of two directions may take place through each of the working sections dependent only upon predetermined process parameters.

Abstract: The invention concerns a counter-current adsorption filter for the treatment of liquids, with different adsorbents which require different regenerating agents, in which loading of the different adsorbents is effected in a stream of liquid flowing upwards and regeneration of the different loaded adsorbents with the different regenerating agents is effected in a stream of liquid flowing downwards, the inside of which filter is subdivided, by horizontal devices which are permeable to liquid, into a number of chambers corresponding to the number of different adsorbents to be used; in which the adsorbents which are regenerated with different regenerating agents are present in adjacent chambers; the chambers - with the exception of the topmost chamber of the filter - are equipped with a liquid drainage system which is located below the device which is permeable to liquid and forms the upper boundary of the chamber, and which is embedded in a layer of inert material; and in which the individual chambers are filled w

Abstract: A filter apparatus in which a generally horizontal bed of filter material is supported on a porous support and is divided by spaced partitions into individual filter cells above the support and individual filter compartments below the support, and a carriage is mounted for movement along the filter bed and has an waste water pump and collector hood that moves along the top of the bed to collect backwash effluent therefrom and direct it to a waste water trough, and a backwash pump and backwash head arranged to direct backwash fluid into the compartments below the porous support. A flow measuring weir is associated with the waste water trough and the backwash pump is arranged so that its output can be selectively delivered to the waste water trough whereby the flow measuring weir can be used to measure both backwash and waste water flow rates.

Abstract: Apparatus for continuous filtration of a fluid, for example water containing solids, comprising a plurality of filter cells partially filled with mobile filtering material, each cell having an inlet and an outlet, means being provided for continuously supplying fluid to the inlets, a drain element for filtered solids being connectible to a limited number of cell inlets without interrupting the fluid supply to the other cell inlets, the drain element lowering the fluid supply pressure prevailing at the limited number of cell inlets to a value lower than the filtrate pressure prevailing at the cell outlets so that these cells are backwashed with filtrate such that the mobile filtering material only partially filling the cells is swirled in the turbulent filtrate flow within the cells and is thoroughly cleaned from adhering solids.

Abstract: A method for separating fructose from glucose in mixture containing both sugars is disclosed, wherein the separation is carried out with anion-exchange resins in bisulfite form in a 3-column-system which is fed continuously from bottom to top. The process permits the simultaneous collection of both glucose and fructose which are separated in have a minimum dilution, the chromatographic bed being wholly expolited, thus making the instant process economically interesting.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed which is useful in simulating the countercurrent flow of several fluid streams through a bed of solid contact material such as a selective adsorbent. The apparatus comprises a plurality of multi-port valves and is used to direct the flow of different streams into and out of a fixed bed of material at points which are periodically changed. The invention arises in the arrangement of the valves, which minimizes the number of required valves and also minimizes the undesired admixture of different streams in the process lines connecting the contacting bed to the main fluid transfer lines. The valves are arranged in three tiers, with the first tier having sets of valves arranged in series flow and the second tier having sets of valves arranged in parallel . The third tier of valves directs flows between two adjacent fluid feed or withdrawal conduits entering the contacting bed.

Abstract: A deionization method and apparatus comprising separate cation and anion removing sections 10a, 10b, the cation section having separate tanks 14, 16 and the anion section having separate tanks 24, 26. Respective cation and anion control valve assemblies 18, 28 control the fluid communication between various components of respective sections and control the regeneration cycle of exhausted cation and anion tanks, respectively. Each valve assembly includes independent water usage monitoring devices 118 which, upon sensing a predetermined quantity of water discharge by its respective valve assembly, effects regeneration of an associated tank. An exhausted cation tank is regenerated by feeding cation regeneration fluid by way of the cation control valve assembly into the exhausted cation tank in a counterflow direction for a predetermined time. Decationized water from the on-line cation tank is then passed through the exhausted cation tank in a counterflow direction to effect a counterflow rinse.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for continuous separation of mixtures of sugars and/or polyols. The mixture is fed to an installation comprised of at least 3 adsorbent filled columns connected in series. The columns represent absorption, enrichment and desorption zones respectively. The process provides for the continuous sequential operation of the columns as absorption, enrichment and desorption zones.

Abstract: The invention concerns a counter-current adsorption filter for the treatment of liquids, with different adsorbents which require different regenerating agents, in which loading of the different adsorbents is effected in a stream of liquid flowing upwards and regeneration of the different loaded adsorbents with the different regenerating agents is effected in a stream of liquid flowing downwards, the inside of which filter is subdivided, by horizontal devices which are permeable to liquid, into a number of chambers corresponding to the number of different adsorbents to be used; in which the adsorbents which are regenerated with different regenerating agents are present in adjacent chambers; the chambers--with the exception of the topmost chamber of the filter--are equipped with a liquid drainage system which is located below the device which is permeable to liquid and forms the upper boundary of the chamber, and which is embedded in a layer of inert material; and in which the individual chambers are filled wit

Abstract: A mobile system for purifying liquids, such as water, including a truck trailer in which multiple purification treatment tanks are mounted. The system includes an inlet, an outlet, conductivity measuring equipment for monitoring the quality of the purified liquid, and specially designed liquid conduits and valves which permit the treatment tanks to be operated in series, in parallel, or in series/parallel. The treatment tanks can be filled with any desired purification material. The trailer is enclosed and heated to protect the system from cold temperatures.

Abstract: A process for separating a ketose from a feed mixture comprising a ketose and an aldose which process comprises contacting the mixture with an adsorbent comprising a X zeolite containing one or more selected cations at exchangeable cationic sites thereby selectively adsorbing a ketose from the feed mixture and thereafter recovering the ketose. Preferably, the ketose will be recovered by desorption from the adsorbent with a desorbent material.

Abstract: In a modular water filtration and companion backwash assemblage, a reservoir is sectioned into an upper, supply chamber and a lower, drain chamber by a plurality of modular, horizontally co-planar filter cells. A carriage assembly is selectively positioned over an individual cell and a depending backwash hood is lowered to isolate, hydraulically, the modular cell. Water is pumped upwardly, out of the hood, expanding and scrubbing the filter media. Jetwash probes intensify the cleansing action, and a baffle plate having displacement accelerators ensures equal but swift upward displacement of backwash waters. Each cell is sequentially backwashed on a continuous basis, allowing uninterrupted operation of the other filtration modules.

Abstract: An isotope separation apparatus comprises a plurality of independent developing units, each comprising 2 to 20 adsorbent-packed columns forming a continuous developing circuit or passageway, and the developing units are connected to at least one common main pipe for supplying an isotope mixture solution, a regenerating agent solution, or an eluent solution. Also, in a further embodiment the developing units are connected to common liquid-discharge main pipes.The separation or concentration of isotopes such as uranium isotopes, nitrogen isotopes, boron isotopes, etc., is performed by continuously developing the isotope mixture solution passed through the individual adsorbent-packed columns successively in each developing units.

Abstract: A specific binding assay method, and a test device and test kit for use therein, for determining a liqand, such as an antigen or antibody, in, or the ligand binding capacity of, a liquid medium, particularly a body fluid such as serum, wherein the unknown ligand competes with a labeled component, such as a radiolabeled form of the ligand or of a binding analog of the ligand, for binding with a binding partner, and wherein separation of the resulting bound-species and free-species of the labeled component is accomplished by allowing the liquid reaction mixture to be drawn by capillary action into a column comprising a bed of an adsorbent material selective for one of the two species. The improvement comprises using a column containing at least one additional bed of capillarily absorbent material disposed above said adsorbent bed and which is substantially nonadsorbent relative to the one of said two species which said adsorbent bed selectively binds.

Abstract: The invention concerns apparatus for purifying air and other gas laden with an adsorbate using active charcoal or other adsorbent in a tank comprising an inlet chamber, an adsorbent chamber and an outlet chamber arranged juxtaposed in side-by-side arrangement and extending from one end of the tank to the other with end cover closures containing the connection zones for the inlet and outlet of the gas and the adsorbent substance. The tank comprises a plurality of sections connectable to one another by flanged connections so that a tank of any length can be made to suit a desired throughput capacity. The adsorbent chamber may be vertical, inclined or zigzag. In addition to connection zones at the ends of the tank, tank sections with lateral connections may be provided intermediate the ends of the tank.

Abstract: A coalescer is provided which separates dispersed liquid hydrocarbon phases from continuous liquid aqueous phases by increasing the size of the dispersed phase droplets using a variety of coalescing media, preferably in granular form. The coalescer must contain at least three sides; however any number of sides up to a circle can be used, and a circular cross-section is preferred. Untreated aqueous phase is drawn through the coalescer media, where the dispersed droplets increase in size. The dispersed droplets are coalesced to a sufficiently large degree to rise to the top of the coalescer against the downward flow of the continuous phase, said continuous phase being withdrawn from the bottom portion of the coalescer and the separated, previously dispersed phase withdrawn from the top of the coalescer.

Abstract: Heavy metal ions are recovered from a dilute aqueous solution by flowing the solution through either a single bed of ion-absorbing material in successive forward and reverse directions, or through a first bed of ion-absorbing material and thereafter through a second bed of ion-absorbing material in the reverse directon of flow. The reversal of flow is to periodically mechanically agitate a bed of ion-absorbing material to dislodge contaminants, such as gelatin.The method is accomplished by using one enclosed vessel, or a pair of enclosed vessels, that have valves to control the direction of flow. A timing device preferably automatically reverses the direction of flow about each hour.After a relatively large number of reversals of flow the heavy metal ions are recovered from the ion-absorbing material and the same is regenerated in the process to again absorb ions from the dilute aqueous solution.

Abstract: An improved withdrawal means for removing spent adsorbent from the adsorber beds of a filter apparatus is disclosed comprising a fixed tube and a rotatable tube positioned concentrically and having a different pattern of slots through each so that a different portion of the slots in each come into an aligned relationship as the rotatable tube is rotated so that spent adsorbent can be pneumatically removed from zones where the slots are aligned. This withdrawal means allows the external selection of adsorbent withdrawal zones, which is especially important in filter apparatus used to filter fluids containing radioactive contaminants.

Abstract: A system for the removal and disposal of debris from the water intake of power plants or the like is disclosed. The system includes a strainer basket having pivoted, separable sections movable from an abutting position to an open position; the sections are biased to the abutting position, in the preferred form, by gravitational forces acting upon the basket sections and their contents. The system further includes structure for opening the separable portions of the basket to empty the contents into a suitable disposal receptacle; a preferred opening device is a member adapted to be positioned on the debris-receiving receptacle and having cam surfaces for separating the basket sections. The system contemplates placement of the strainer basket in a bellow-ground location and a hoist for lifting the basket for emptying.

Abstract: An adsorption-regeneration column section is provided for treating a fluid effluent. A column section has means, which do not contact the adsorbent, for feeding an effluent into the column section and a means for uniformly distributing the effluent across the column diameter at the inlet thereof. An adsorbent is supported within the column section and occupies less than the entire column section. The column section is further provided with means for removably connecting a second column section with said column section along a single vertical axis without substantially restricting the flow path of the effluent. When two of the column sections are joined each having adsorbent therein, a staging space is provided between the adsorbents within the column sections for disengagement of the effluent from the adsorbent.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for chromatic separation of components by flowing fluid in contact with material wherein the fluid flows downwardly through a column comprising a plurality of contacting chambers each of which contain material to be contacted, and wherein each of the chambers are selectively subjected to treatment by said fluid, the material preferably comprising adsorptive, gel or ion exchange substances, or the like, and filtration material for purification and as a continuous or discontinuous process.

Abstract: Toxic heavy metal ions are removed from water by electrochemical replacement as the water flows through a tandem bed of (a) activated zinc and then (b) magnesium alloyed with a minor amount of manganese to inhibit corrosion. The zinc is activated by contact with a noble metal salt. Preferably, fine granules of zinc and Mg/Mn are used. Clogging is prevented by intermittent vacuum degassing of the beds. The activated zinc and the Mg/Mn advantageously are prepackaged and stored in cartridges which become part of the processing column. The Mg/Mn cartridge has a non-reactive atmosphere of e.g., argon, retained by frangible or soluble barriers that hermetically seal the ends of the cartridge. The barriers are torn away or dissolved by the initial water flow when the cartridge is installed. System scale-up is simplified by a "half-length" concept characteristic of the present invention.

Abstract: A solid-fluid contacting apparatus, comprising an outer generally tubular housing member, preferably cylindrical in shape; an inner generally tubular housing member defining a fluid flow channel therein and being placed inside of the outer housing member and being generally coaxially aligned therewith, preferably concentrically, to define a space therebetween, preferably an annular space; at least one means extending radially between the inner and outer housing members for partitioning the space into a plurality of axially spaced contacting zones; at least one means extending axially within the inner housing member for partitioning the fluid flow channel into a plurality of fluid flow sub-channels; means in each of the contacting zones for receiving the solid; and a fluid flow inlet communicating between each of the subchannels and one of the contacting zones, a fluid flow outlet communicating between each of the contacting zones and its respective subchannel, and means positioned in each subchannel between t

Abstract: For on-site, continuous, bulk water purification, a dual-monitored, two-pass system employs two successive banks of mixed-bed, strong-based resin cylinders. Raw water first flows down through a bank of primary cylinders in parallel. The outlets of the primary cylinders are connected in parallel via an overhead carry-over pipe to a smaller bank of polisher cylinders whose outlets are connected in parallel via a final filter to a discharge outlet. Probes monitoring the concentration of impurities are located in the carry-over pipe and following the final filter. The efficient arrangement of cylinders in a van allows easy replacement of exhausted cylinders without interrupting water treatment.

Abstract: A filter system to follow a primary sewage treatment unit delivering substantially clarified effluent, the filter system having plural vertical filter columns nearly filled with filter aggregate and each column having a vertical stand pipe terminating near the bottom of the column and operative to introduce air to bubble up through the aggregate while the column is having water backflushed through it, and the filter system having a separate path by which backflushed water with the solids entrained therein is returned to the primary treatment unit during backflush purge cycles.

Abstract: An improved process for continuous counter-current contact between a fluid to be treated and solid particles wherein the fluid flows through a column containing a plurality of contacting chambers each of which contains solid particles and in which intermittent transfer of the particles in a direction opposite to that of the fluid from each chamber to the chamber immediately adjacent is effected while maintaining a continuous flow of the fluid through the column.

Abstract: A filter-drier unit adapted for bidirectional flow in heat pump systems. This filter-drier unit includes an individual filter-drier in each compartment formed on opposite sides of a partition in a shell. A conduit connects the inlet of each filter-drier with the compartment other than the one in which the filter-drier is located. A check valve is connected to the outlet of each filter-drier to enable flow into the compartment in which the filter-drier is located and to preclude backflow, whereby flow into either one of the compartments through an associated shell port passes by the filter-drier in the said one compartment and through the inlet of the filter-drier in the other compartment, and thence into the said other compartment and out through its associated shell port. In one embodiment, the individual filter-driers and the fittings attaching the filter-driers to the partition are relatively laterally offset in the shell.

Abstract: A gravity filtering equipment comprising a basin partitioned into a plurality of compartments each having a permeable bottom covered by a filtering bed and a device for flushing such filtering beds. This device comprises a bell adaptable fluid-tightly onto the upper edges of each compartment in turn and provided with a pump for sucking up filtered water, from a collecting chamber provided underneath the permeable bottom of each such compartment, through its filtering bed.

Abstract: Method and means for separating emulsified and entrained oils from water, machine coolants, and substantially any other liquid comprising initially directing a flow stream into an inlet trap for removing relatively large particles from the flow stream, passing the flow stream through a centrifuge for removing substantially all of the entrained solids in the flow stream, moving the flow stream through a de-emulsifier for coalescing of the emulsified oil into droplets sufficiently large for processing in a separator and for filtering any remaining solids from the flow stream, providing a backwash action from the de-emulsifier for recycling of said finally removed solids through the centrifuge, passing the flow stream through a separator for separation of the oil from the other liquid components of the flow stream whereby the separated oil and clean effluent may be removed from the system.

Abstract: A horizontal multiple-chamber, packed column structure for adsorptive separation process wherein loading and unloading of packing material is facilitated, and efficient, effective contact between the packing material and a fluid passing therethrough is provided by the configuration and placement of a fluid inlet and distributor at one end thereof and fluid collector and fluid outlet at the horizontally opposite end, each chamber also including a plurality of axially extending rods to maintain a relatively uniform packing density of packing material in the chamber.