Abstract: The present invention relates to water filters utilizing disc filter elements and in particular, to such a filtering apparatus having self-cleaning capabilities by utilizing automated back-flushing to clean the filtering elements where the self-cleaning process is enhanced by introducing a secondary flowing fluid, preferably atmospheric air, into the back-flushing stream. The filter apparatus is further enhanced with a disc filter spine having a plurality of spray nozzles arranged on the spine channels that may be adapted to produce a cleaning flowing fluid jet stream at a variety of angles facilitating cleaning, separation and spinning of the disc filtering elements. The filter apparatus may further enhance the cleaning process by introducing a flushing apparatus adapted to facilitate removal of effluent from the filter.

Abstract: Water treatment apparatus includes raw water special air mixing nozzles (7); filtering tank (5) housing filter layer (4) including two layers of upper layer (2) and lower layer (3), the upper layer including a filter medium with a smaller specific gravity and a larger particle size than a filter medium of the lower layer; a water collection pipe (13) removing filtered water and supplying reverse cleaning water to the filter layer during reverse cleaning; drainage trough (12); and upper layer cleaning apparatus (10), in which the upper layer cleaning apparatus includes upper layer cleaning pipe support member (17), upper layer cleaning water pipe (18), surface-cleaning special air mixing nozzles (19), air suction pipe (20), and horizontal air pipes (31 and 32) and the raw water special air mixing nozzles (7) are attached to raw water inflow tank (70) provided on a part of the drainage trough (12).

Abstract: A hinged-lid pack (1) for smoking articles is disclosed. The pack (1) comprises a body (2) and a lid (9) hingedly connected to the body along a rear wall of the pack so as to define a line of closure between the lid (9) and the body (2) that extends from the rear wall across opposing side walls and a front wall of the pack. The line of closure (8) has a first portion (30) that extends away from the rear wall across each side wall at a first angle (‘A’, ‘C’) relative to the rear wall. The line of closure (8) also has a second portion (31) that extends from the first portion towards the front wall of the pack, the second portion (31) is at a second angle (‘B’,‘D’) relative to the rear wall.

Abstract: To provide a cleaning apparatus suitable for removing clogging substances trapped in a surface layer of a sand filtration layer. A cleaning apparatus equipped with drive wheels serving as a driving device configured to move across a surface of a sand filtration layer. A pump and a jet nozzle are provided as an agitation device configured to agitate a surface layer portion of the sand filtration layer only at a desired depth, and which blows the clogging substances upward into the seawater in a turbid water intake pit together with a filtration sand. A perforated pipe for suctioning turbid water, a pump, an ejector, and a discharge pipe for dilute turbid water are provided as a suction and discharge device configured to suction turbid water blown upward into seawater in the water intake pit by the agitation device, and discharge it to outside of the turbid water intake pit.

Abstract: A screen structure which is unusually effective at removing stickies from recyclable fiber but is tolerant of substantial swings in throughput which result in variations in the flow velocity through the screen—slot velocity. One example of the screen structure is created by forming a very large number of similarly shaped vanes then locking them into a ring structure to form a cylindrical screen basket but equivalent surface configurations can also be formed into sheet stock.

Abstract: A filter having a gravel-less underdrain and a filter layer installed directly on top of the gravel-less underdrain. The filter layer is designed such that when fluid is directed through the filter layer at controlled rates a protective barrier is formed by the larger particles of the filter layer directly above the gravel-less underdrain to prevent clogging and/or structural failure of the gravel-less underdrain thereby obviating the need for one or more layers of gravel or torpedo sand.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a cleaning system and methods for cleaning tissue embedding molds. The cleaning system includes a cleaning vessel that holds a cleaning solution. The tissue processing molds are supported by a basket receptacle which is placed inside the cleaning vessel. Cleaning solution is supplied to the cleaning vessel through a supply line. Additional fluids are stored in a reservoir and may be mixed with the cleaning solution in the supply line. Cleaning solution drains from the cleaning vessel through a drain line. A controller controls the opening and closing of valves and the activation or deactivation of a heat source to operate a wash cycle, a rinse cycle, and a dry cycle.

Abstract: A filter system employing a modular filter and at least one high rate pre-treatment system for expeditiously and effectively filtering water. The modular filter includes a reservoir housing for containing fluid. A plurality of filter cells are disposed in the reservoir housing for filtering influent passed through the reservoir housing. Each of the plurality of filter cells has at least one layer of media. A moveable backwash assembly is provided for sequentially backwashing the plurality of filter cells. The backwashing procedure is performed on the modular filter system such that while one of the plurality of cells is being backwashed the remaining cells are filtering pre-treated influent processed by the pre-treatment system. The pre-treatment system preferably has a footprint considerably smaller than the footprint of the modular filter.

Abstract: A modular filter system and a method of repairing and/or replacing one or more components thereof. The modular filter system includes a traveling backwash hood assembly and a plurality of filter cells having media contained therein. The traveling backwash hood assembly includes a hood and a baffle assembly. Preferably, the hood has at least one opening formed therein and a cover plate operably associated with the at least one opening. The baffle assembly includes a plurality of baffles for directing the flow of fluid. The baffle assembly is detachably connected to the hood to permit the baffle assembly to be moved relative to the hood to permit an individual to readily gain access to the baffle assembly to repair or replace one or more components thereof.

Abstract: The filter system for filtering particulate material from a generally unidirectional fluid stream comprising a first filter removably positioned in the fluid stream and a second filter removably positioned in the fluid stream downstream of the first filter. The first filter comprises a pre-filter and includes a layer of fluid-permeable material having a plurality of spaced-apart openings extending completely therethrough. The method of utilizing the fluid filter system of this invention is also disclosed and comprises the steps of: (1) removably positioning a first filter in the fluid stream; and (2) removably positioning a fluid-permeable second filter in the fluid stream downstream of the first filter. The first filter may be removed from the fluid when it becomes restrictive to air flow. The system may be operated so that the air may be passed through the second filter until the second filter becomes clogged or restrictive to air flow.

Abstract: A filter system employing a modular filter and at least one high rate pre-treatment system for expeditiously and effectively filtering water. The modular filter includes a reservoir housing for containing fluid. A plurality of filter cells are disposed in the reservoir housing for filtering influent passed through the reservoir housing. Each of the plurality of filter cells has at least one layer of media. A moveable backwash assembly is provided for sequentially backwashing the plurality of filter cells. The backwashing procedure is performed on the modular filter system such that while one of the plurality of cells is being backwashed the remaining cells are filtering pre-treated influent processed by the pre-treatment system. The pre-treatment system preferably has a footprint considerably smaller than the footprint of the modular filter.

Abstract: A filter cartridge end-of-life mechanism and a filter cartridge assembly for a water treatment device. The end-of-life mechanism comprises a float which is moved along an escapement path each time the device is filled. A counting mechanism connected to the float provides a continuous visual indication of the amount of useful life remaining in the filter cartridge. The cartridge assembly includes a tray detachably connected to a filter cartridge. The tray is positioned beneath the outlet end of the cartridge to remove water treatment particles from the treated water.

Abstract: An inline filter having a swivel right-angle fitting for coupling an inlet or outlet tube. The fitting includes a stem having a pair of O-rings and a distal ridge and notch. The cap of the filter includes a port having a plurality of annular, resilient tabs that engage the notch and ridge to retain the fitting to the cap.

Abstract: A completely new type of filtration system uses a traveling plenum that travels through granular filtration media in a filter tank and backwashes a portion of the media a little at a time. A pump forces backwash water into the traveling plenum, and porous plates mounted on the top of the plenum allow the water to come to the surface of the media and loosen solids deposited at the surface during a filtration cycle. A washwater hood and waste water pump removes the loosened solids from the surface of the media. Porous plates mounted on the sides of the traveling plenum allow backwash water to fluidize surrounding media and promote the transportation of the traveling plenum in the media. Thus, filter construction is reduced to creating a tank with influent and effluent openings without the complicated cell and plenum construction of conventional traveling bridge filters. Effluent plugs, installed across effluent openings, are designed to allow water to exit the tank but retain media inside the tank.

Abstract: A structure for the absorption or desorption of a substance on a bed through which liquid is allowed to pass comprises a vessel containing a liquid-permeable bed, a lower adaptor, an upper adaptor and means for providing a liquid flow to the bed through one of the adaptors and means for conducting a liquid flow away from the bed through the other adaptor. The lower adaptor is arranged in the lower part of the vessel and at least partially defines the vessel bottom. The lower adaptor has an opening for the passage of liquid to or from the lower part of the vessel, which opening is directed toward the bed, and the lower adaptor is provided with a distribution facility for distributing or collecting liquid flow towards or from, respectively, a bottom surface of the bed. The upper adaptor is arranged in an upper part of the vessel and at least partially covers a cross-sectional area of the vessel.

Abstract: A travelling bridge filtration unit includes a tank having a bottom wall, a pair of side walls and a pair of end walls arranged to provide a rectangular tank with an open top. An interior partition in the tank extends lengthwise between the pair of end walls forms a filtrate channel between the interior partition and one of the side walls, and a filter basin between the interior partition and the other of the pair of side walls, with a bed of filter media located in the filter basin. A travelling bridge is mounted on the tank for movement therealong in a lengthwise direction, the travelling bridge supporting a backwash pump and a backwash hood for movement across the filter basin in close proximity to the filter bed. A plurality of structural underdrain headers extend between the interior partition and the other of the pair of side walls, the headers having closed ends adjacent one of the side walls, and open ends extending through the interior partition in communication with the filtrate channel.

Abstract: Articulated sliding shoes for improving the operation of automatic backwashing filter systems basically include (a) a rectangular support frame, (b) a central valve member, (c) a fore waste valve member, (d) an aft waste valve member and (e) sets of springs for such valve members. The valve members are moveable relative to the support frame transverse of its longitudinal axis, but are immoble parallel to such axis and are urged by the spring sets into seriatim contact with trios of the discharge ports of the filter cells of such filter systems.

Abstract: In a travelling bridge filtration system including a tank divided into a plurality of adjacent filter cells, each of the cells containing filter media, a travelling bridge carriage located above the tank and movable along the tank, the carriage supporting a backwash hood engageable with each of the filter cells, the improvement comprising a liquid backwash pump for causing backwash liquid to flow through the cell in a first backwash direction counter to a second filtration direction, and for causing backwash air to be drawn into the cell and to flow in the first direction with the backwash liquid.

Abstract: A liquid filtration system is provided which includes a traveling bridge carriage mounting air scour and backwash means within a single hood structure for successively cleaning each of a plurality of roughing filter cells and polishing filter cells formed in a filtration tank. The air scour means includes an air scour inlet conduit for supplying air under pressure to each cell. The backwash means includes a backwash conduit for creating suction within each filter cell. The single hood structure is adapted to sealingly engage each of the roughing and polishing filter cells. For the roughing filter cells, only an air scour operation is carried out while, for the polishing filters, backwash is done.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method and apparatus for creating a more uniform filter cake on a vacuum filter belt. A weir box for depositing a slurry on the filter belt has an outlet in the form of a plurality of slots spaced transversely of the filter belt with each slot being in the form of a truncated triangle with the base of the triangle being located closer to the filter belt than the truncated portion of the triangle.

Abstract: A liquid filtration system is provided which includes a traveling bridge device mounting air scour and backwash means for successively cleaning each of a plurality of filter cells formed in a filtration tank. The air scour means includes a first hood open to atmosphere and adapted for sealing engagement with each filter cell. The first hood may include an air scour inlet conduit for supplying air under pressure to each cell. The backwash means includes a second hood also adapted for sealing engagement with each filter cell and includes a backwash conduit for creating suction within each filter cell. In one embodiment where the air scour pump is mounted on the traveling bridge carriage, each cell is provided with a vertical riser adapted for sealing engagement with the air scour inlet conduit in the air scour hood. In an alternative arrangement, the air is supplied from a ground installed pump, through a common inlet manifold, to the individual cells.

Abstract: Sulfur-laden liquid organic phase dimethyl polysulfide (DMPS) is caused to rise from a sour gas well by reaction of the gaseous sulfur component within the well with a sulfur solvent, typically dimethyl disulfide (DMDS). The DMPS is contacted by an extraction or stripping liquid in a vertical column continuous multistage countercurrent flow extractor especially designed to promote high interfacial area contact between the liquids while flowing in opposing directions within the column.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for cleaning of liquids in sand filters of the up-stream type.

Abstract: In a water treatment apparatus, the jets in the distributor arms of a percolating filter are kept clear from jamming by automatic actuation of plungers which enter the jets to dislodge any obstructions therein, each plunger being individually mounted on the arm adjacent its respective jet.

Abstract: A filter apparatus in which a generally horizontal bed of filter material is supported on a porous support and is divided by spaced partitions into individual filter cells above the support and individual filter compartments below the support, and a carriage is mounted for movement along the filter bed and has a collector hood that moves along the top of the bed to collect backwash effluent therefrom and a backwash head arranged to direct backwash fluid into the compartments below the porous support. A pair of spaced scarifier blades are provided in the collector hood to scarify the upper surfaces of the filter bed. The backwash head is advantageously in the form of a jet pump arranged to entrain water from filtrate launder that communicates with the filtrate compartments.

Abstract: A rotary distributor arm comprising improved distribution nozzles and flow control accomplished by a gradual taper of the arm itself is defined which ensures a uniform flow distribution across the full radius of the distributing medium so that uniformity and optimum economy and efficiency are achieved with respect to the trickling filter itself because a uniform fluid flow is distributed across the entire top surface thereof.