Including Means To Apply Gas To Bed Patents (Class 210/274)
  • Patent number: 4448682
    Abstract: An apparatus for the purification of salt brine having magnesium and calcium hardness includes means for treating a saturated salt brine containing magnesium and calcium ions with an alkali metal carbonate and an alkali metal hydroxide in a preselected sequence and in amounts in excess of stoichiometric proportions to form firm, readily settleable, filterable floc precipitate particles of insoluble compounds of magnesium and calcium, suspended in the treated brine and passing the resultant suspension to a filtering unit to separate and remove the floc precipitate and to provide a purified salt brine.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 18, 1982
    Date of Patent: May 15, 1984
    Assignee: Akzona, Incorporated
    Inventor: George J. Moritz
  • Patent number: 4443341
    Abstract: A filtration process and apparatus for the removal of solids from liquids is provided having a filter bed vertically disposed in a chamber which has a solids-containing liquid passed horizontally therethrough. The filter bed is regenerated after becoming loaded with solids. During filtering the liquid is divided into at least two partial streams, and each partial stream is conducted through a respective filter bed arranged in a chamber, which is comprised of reticulated particles of polyurethane. After the particles have been completely loaded with the solids, the liquid feed to and the liquid discharge from the respective chamber are interrupted. The solids adhereing to the particles are then transferred by agitation and/or gas treatment into a liquid volume remaining in the chamber, and the liquid volume is discharged together with the solids. The process is especially adaptable to be utilized in wastewater treatment, or for the removal of solids from scrubbing media.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 26, 1982
    Date of Patent: April 17, 1984
    Assignee: Linde Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Michael A. Miller, Richard P. Johansen
  • Patent number: 4435286
    Abstract: A liquid filter device includes an upwardly open structure having a bottom and a floor positioned above the bottom, the bottom and the floor defining therebetween a chamber. A filter element comprising granular material is supported by the floor within the structure. Liquid to be treated passes downwardly through the granular material in contact with a gas passing upwardly through the granular material during a normal filtering and processing operation. During an operation for washing the granular material, water and gas pass upwardly through the granular material. A plurality of nozzles open into the granular material and have stems communicating with the chamber. The plurality of nozzles includes first nozzles having openings for, during the normal operation, passing liquid from the granular material into the chamber, and for, during the washing operation, distributing the water and gas from the chamber into the granular material.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 21, 1982
    Date of Patent: March 6, 1984
    Assignee: Degremont
    Inventors: Robert Louboutin, Michel Riotte
  • Patent number: 4412919
    Abstract: A water purification device wherein a separation tank is placed in a space of a filter tank above a mass of granular filter material, the separation tank having an inlet through which washing water which has been supplied into the filter tank for washing the filter material and the entrained granular filter material is supplied into the separation tank during washing of the filter material. The water and entrained filter material are caused to descend in a vortex flow and the granular filter material is separated and collects at an outlet at the bottom of the separation tank which is closed by a cover member. A rod- or cylinder-like member is mounted generally along the central vertical axis of the separation tank. The vortex flow of the washing water is reversed and caused to flow in a gyratory flow along the outer peripheral surface of the rod-like member and to be discharged from the filter tank through a water outlet.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 26, 1982
    Date of Patent: November 1, 1983
    Assignee: Takara Kogyo Co., Ltd.
    Inventor: Yoshihiko Ueda
  • Patent number: 4385993
    Abstract: Apparatus and operating method improvements are provided for an ion exchange apparatus system utilizing moving folded beds for loading and regeneration of the resin. The improvements include separate treatment and pulse chambers in the resin circuit from the loading column to the regeneration column, and in the return circuit from the regeneration column to the loading column. With the improved apparatus and method, the resin is transferred in compacted metered increments from and into the loading and regeneration columns.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 22, 1981
    Date of Patent: May 31, 1983
    Assignee: American Petro Mart, Inc.
    Inventors: Harold N. Hedrick, Solon G. Whitney
  • Patent number: 4351732
    Abstract: Process and apparatus for dehydrating liquid phase ethanol in an adsorber unit containing at least two towers that cycle between adsorption and desorption cycles, characterized in the desorption cycle by an indirect heating volatilization of absorbed and adsorbed liquid at ambient pressures, and by a final stages desorption under sub-atmospheric pressures. In preferred practice, an inert sweep gas at sub-atmospheric pressures assists in removal of vapors evolved in the final stages of the desorption cycle.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 12, 1980
    Date of Patent: September 28, 1982
    Assignee: The C. M. Kemp Manufacturing Co.
    Inventors: John D. Psaras, James A. Zahniser
  • Patent number: 4334990
    Abstract: The invention concerns an apparatus for active filtration and treatment of liquid metals and alloys and particularly to the purification of aluminum, magnesium, or alloys based on aluminum or magnesium, prior to molding. It comprises a detachable cartridge, closed at at least one end by a porous block based on grains of fritted flux and filled with grains of flux, solid at the temperature of the metal to be filtered. The cartridge may include a means for injecting an active or inert gas into the grains; it may be arranged in a heated, heat insulated ladle.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 15, 1980
    Date of Patent: June 15, 1982
    Assignee: Servimetal
    Inventors: Pierre du Manoir de Juaye, Pierre Guerit, Gilbert Pollet, Jean-Marie Hicter
  • Patent number: 4331542
    Abstract: A self-supporting underdrain unit to be placed upon the substantially horizontal floor of a filter tank to provide a liquid filtration system is disclosed. The self-supporting underdrain unit provides separately controllable fluid and exhaust gas header systems for backwashing. The exhaust gas and backwashing fluid are mixed in a turbulent mixing zone to provide superior backwashing and cleansing action.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 1, 1980
    Date of Patent: May 25, 1982
    Assignee: Enviroquip, Inc.
    Inventor: Robert E. Emrie
  • Patent number: 4330401
    Abstract: A continuous clarification apparatus provides a vessel having a bottom portion and a preferably cylindrical and upwardly extending sidewall defining therewithin a liquid retaining space at least partially filled with a "floc" carrier forming a moving media bed with flow normally being downwardly through the bed. A clear water discharge outlet allows the discharge of clarified effluent from the vessel. An inlet header allows the addition of an influent to be clarified into the vessel. A vertically extending inner separation wall generally concentric with the vessel sidewall defines a moving bed area and an annulus area. The annulus area provides a lower scour zone, a middle return zone and an uppermost reject zone. The floc carrier is placed within the moving bed area and an aeration means is placed within the vessel annulus with the air being bubbled upwardly in the annulus during continuous cleansing.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 17, 1980
    Date of Patent: May 18, 1982
    Assignee: Process Development Company
    Inventors: Ronald A. Boze, Anthony S. Canzoneri
  • Patent number: 4280904
    Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for removing large volumes of contaminants or for recovering valuable minerals present in trace amounts or greater quantities by ion exchange treatment of phosphoric acid liquids or the like as they flow through a resin bed wherein ions in the liquid are sorbed into the resin by an ion exchange mechanism. The resin bed is folded, moving bed which exhibits all of the advantages of a packed ion exchange resin bed. Laminar flows are developed at times in the moving bed system, while the moving bed used is of a "folded" type having a maximum height approximately one-third that of conventional, unfolded countercurrent units. The ion exchange treatment occurs within a loading vessel resin bed, the beads in the feed portion of which become exhausted and sequentially move out of the loading vessel for subsequent regeneration and rinsing, followed by eventual return to the loading vessel.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 31, 1979
    Date of Patent: July 28, 1981
    Assignee: American Petro Mart, Inc.
    Inventor: Lee G. Carlson
  • Patent number: 4276181
    Abstract: A single enclosed chamber includes a lower destabilizing area, a central filtering and coalescence area containing coalescence material, and an upper flotation and separation area. Emulsion is introduced into the lower destabilizing area and is destabilized therein. The emulsion is then passed upwardly into the central filtering and coalescence area. The dispersed phase of the emulsion is attracted to the coalescence material in the form of droplets, and as the emulsion continues to pass upwardly therethrough the droplets grow in size. During passage of the emulsion through the filtering and coalescence material, matter in suspension is filtered from the emulsion. Within the flotation and separation area is located a separation device including a lower convergent portion and an upper divergent portion.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 30, 1979
    Date of Patent: June 30, 1981
    Assignee: Degremont
    Inventors: Michel Cordier, Herve Labaquere, Gilbert Saint-Dizier
  • Patent number: 4229292
    Abstract: A countercurrent liquid-solid contacting apparatus comprises a liquid purifying column for substantially purifying a liquid by passing the liquid upwardly through a bed of purifying material and a regenerating column for regenerating the purifying material used fo purify the liquid. The liquid purifying column includes supply and transfer ports defined respectively at the top and bottom thereof and has therein the bed of purifying material which is spaced a predetermined distance from the top of the liquid treating column to provide a vacant space. The purifying column further includes a liquid inlet and outlet with a portion of the purifying bed above the liquid outlet serving as a settling layer to avoid any possible fluidization and/or expansion of the purifying material.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 28, 1977
    Date of Patent: October 21, 1980
    Assignee: Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.
    Inventors: Shoichi Mori, Yorifumi Ikeda, Kikuo Nishikawa
  • Patent number: 4228001
    Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for removing contaminants or for recovering valuable minerals in trace amounts by ion exchange treatment of liquids such as municipal and industrial waste waters, ore mining and processing tailings, and the like as they flow through a resin bed wherein ions in the liquid are sorbed into the resin by an ion exchange mechanism. The resin bed is a folded, moving bed which exhibits all of the advantages of a packed ion exchange resin bed. Laminar flows are developed throughout the moving bed system to maintain all interfaces intact, even during the rinsing operation, while the moving bed used is of a "folded" type having a maximum height approximately one-third that of conventional countercurrent units. The ion exchange treatment occurs within a loading vessel resin bed, the beads in the feed portion of which become exhausted and sequentially move out of the loading vessel for subsequent regeneration and rinsing, followed by eventual return to the loading vessel.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 12, 1978
    Date of Patent: October 14, 1980
    Assignee: American Petro Mart, Inc.
    Inventor: Lee G. Carlson
  • Patent number: 4214992
    Abstract: A water collecting and distributing apparatus capable of collecting filtrate, distributing raw water, supplying back wash water and dispersing scouring air, which is disposed in a lower portion of a high speed filter basin, is disclosed. This apparatus comprises a plurality of blocks regularly arranged in the bottom portion of the filter basin, each block having a flow passage for air and water in the central portion thereof and a water dispersing chamber located adjacent to the flow passage. A communication hole is formed in a partition wall between the flow passage and the water dispersing chamber, and an injection hole is formed in each of the top wall of the flow passage and the top wall of the water dispersing chamber. The numbers and diameters of the communication holes and injection holes in the blocks and positions of these holes are arranged so that a certain relation is established among them. In each block, the flow passage is formed to have a trapezoidal sectional shape.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 7, 1978
    Date of Patent: July 29, 1980
    Assignee: Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Kenji Sasano, Ichiro Shiramasa
  • Patent number: 4211656
    Abstract: A liquid treating system having a tank with a multiplicity of cells, the bottom of each cell converging downwardly toward a drain, and means for backwashing one or more of the cells while the remaining cells continue treating the liquid. Also described are a barrier for separating the cells and a kit for making the barrier.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 26, 1978
    Date of Patent: July 8, 1980
    Inventor: John J. Cochrane
  • Patent number: 4202774
    Abstract: A flow distributor for a fluid bed reactor includes means for decreasing velocity of incoming liquid streams in a uniform, non-turbulent fashion. Inlet ports communicate with fluid portals having divergent walls to slow incoming flow. The fluid portals feed liquid flow to a plurality of diffusing flow paths provided between diffusion baffles positioned at the bottom of the reactor. The diffusion baffles may be prismatic shapes which are trapezoidal in cross-section with the broadest horizontal dimension at the bottom thereof. The diffusion flow paths therefore have divergent walls and act to further slow the liquid flow passing therethrough.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 24, 1978
    Date of Patent: May 13, 1980
    Assignee: Dorr-Oliver Incorporated
    Inventor: Peter Kos
  • Patent number: 4198301
    Abstract: A filter apparatus wherein the filter tank is separated by a water-penetrable partition wall into an upper section forming a filtrate reservoir and a lower section forming a filter chamber. Floating filter medium is placed in the filter chamber. Water to be filtered is fed into the filter chamber at the bottom thereof and caused to flow upward, passing through the floating filter medium. The filtrate is removed from reservoir.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 21, 1978
    Date of Patent: April 15, 1980
    Assignee: Ishigaki Kiko Co., Ltd.
    Inventor: Akitoshi Iwatani
  • Patent number: 4196079
    Abstract: A method and apparatus for air scouring a layered filter bed wherein the air is dispersed into the finer particles of the bed without disturbing the coarse large aggregate in the lower portion of the bed to prevent inter-mixing of the fine aggregate with the large aggregate. The filter support generally comprises a corrugated filter support forming channels having peaks to provide air channels for distribution of air into air ducts communicating with the fine particles of the filter bed. The valleys between the peaks provide an area for the coarse large aggregate of the filter bed such that the filtered liquid flows through the upper portion of the bed and into the large aggregate and out outlet apertures in the filter support into the lower portion of the channels formed by the filter support.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 29, 1978
    Date of Patent: April 1, 1980
    Assignee: Harsco Corporation
    Inventor: Thomas D. Ward
  • Patent number: 4191652
    Abstract: An apparatus for filter backwashing includes a vessel containing a bed of filter media. Laterals with nozzles are disposed below the filter media to convey backwashing air and water into the filter bed. Below the laterals are located a manifold and a distribution plenum to carry air into the laterals. The manifold and the distribution plenum are separated by a common wall having a plurality of ports to provide communication therebetween. Communication between the distribution plenum and the laterals is provided by a plurality of conduits, one conduit extending into each lateral from the distribution plenum.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 22, 1977
    Date of Patent: March 4, 1980
    Assignee: Envirotech Corporation
    Inventor: Edward A. Whitmore
  • Patent number: 4191651
    Abstract: A separator suitable for the separation of a first liquid of relatively lower specific gravity and a second liquid of relatively higher specific gravity from a liquid mixture containing both liquids, the liquids being mutually immiscible, the separator comprising an inlet for introducing the mixture into a first separation zone so constructed and arranged as to promote the separation by gravity of a substantial part of the first liquid from the mixture, a first liquid outlet for the discharge of separated first liquid from the separator, a second liquid outlet for the discharge of separated second liquid from the separator, means for causing first liquid separated in the first separation zone to pass to the first liquid outlet, means for causing the remaining liquid mixture containing a minor proportion of the first liquid and a major proportion of the second liquid to pass towards the second liquid outlet along a flow path including a part extending downwardly through a second separation zone partially fille
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 21, 1978
    Date of Patent: March 4, 1980
    Assignee: Exxon Research & Engineering Co.
    Inventors: Philippe J. Cheysson, Luc Delons, Yvon J. Le Guen
  • Patent number: 4189386
    Abstract: A system for the removal and disposal of debris from the water intake of power plants or the like is disclosed. The system includes a strainer basket having pivoted, separable sections movable from an abutting position to an open position; the sections are biased to the abutting position, in the preferred form, by gravitational forces acting upon the basket sections and their contents. The system further includes structure for opening the separable portions of the basket to empty the contents into a suitable disposal receptacle; a preferred opening device is a member adapted to be positioned on the debris-receiving receptacle and having cam surfaces for separating the basket sections. The system contemplates placement of the strainer basket in a bellow-ground location and a hoist for lifting the basket for emptying.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 3, 1978
    Date of Patent: February 19, 1980
    Inventor: Arcadio J. Aman
  • Patent number: 4157959
    Abstract: Fine particulates are removed from fluids (gases or liquids) by beds of filter media operated as convertible (semifluidized) beds, wherein the fluidized portion of the bed progressively increases in size during the filtrations. The method has particular application to filtrations which are difficult to carry out by conventional filtrations methods.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 15, 1977
    Date of Patent: June 12, 1979
    Assignee: Kansas State University Research Foundation
    Inventors: Chin-Yung Wen, Liang-Tseng Fan
  • Patent number: 4133762
    Abstract: A coil type filter for diversified applications comprises a spiral wound coil having an inlet and an outlet at opposite ends thereof, said inlet and outlet apertures having a screen positioned to retain the filtering element within the coil. Couplings are provided on the exterior of the coil at each end for connection to other portions of a fluid flow system. The interior of the coil is partially filled with activated carbon granules which perform the filtering operation. In a modification of the invention, the coil would be positioned within a housing which contains a circulating fluid for maintaining the temperature at predetermined levels. In another embodiment of the invention, the spiral wound coil is mounted within a housing with the inlet and outlet both extending outwardly from the same portion of the housing. The filter outlet is a substantially straight tube extending from the interior end portion of the coil substantially parallel to the axis of said coil and along its entire length.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 12, 1975
    Date of Patent: January 9, 1979
    Inventors: Marco P. Visceglia, Robert Lorenzo
  • Patent number: 4132010
    Abstract: Mobile sand de-oiling apparatus can be transported along beaches to cleanse sand contaminated by oil and other liquid petroleum products washed onto the beach. The contaminated sand is conveyed into one end of the apparatus and deposited as a layer onto a specially constructed inclined laminated perforate tray. The tray osculates vigorously so that the sand is not only conveyed along the tray where it is exposed to a multiplicity of overhead steam jets, but also clumps of sand are bounced up and down with the result that the individual sand particles separate from one another and turn and spin so that their entire surfaces are exposed to the hot steam. The steam thins the oil which is driven from the sand particles by the steam jets through the tray into a sump. The clean sand is discharged from the opposite end of the tray onto a conveyor which transports it to a storage site.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 25, 1977
    Date of Patent: January 2, 1979
    Assignee: Costal Services, Inc.
    Inventor: Robert E. Deland
  • Patent number: 4118322
    Abstract: A filter for cleaning a flow of liquid including a tank divided into upper and lower chambers by a support element for a filter material bed. In one embodiment, the support element includes a corrugated plate which may be either self-supporting or supported by a header and, in another embodiment, the support element includes a flat plate supported by beam elements which in turn may be supported by the header. Another feature of the filter is the provision of an influent filter liquid inlet assembly including a self-closing passage which normally opens into the tank upper chamber and which closes when the upper tank chamber is filled to a predetermined level with backwash fluid during reverse flow backwashing of the filter bed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 17, 1976
    Date of Patent: October 3, 1978
    Assignee: Hydrotechnic Corporation
    Inventor: Guillermo A. San Roman
  • Patent number: 4118320
    Abstract: A method and apparatus for agitating and scrubbing a filter bed in which a tubular arm is disposed in the bed near the top thereof and is adapted for rotation on a vertical central axis. The arm has nozzles extending from opposite sides thereon on respective sides of the center and is caused to rotate in the filter bed by the supply of air under pressure through the arm to the nozzles. Other nozzles can be mounted on the ends of the arm to treat the filter bed outwardly from the ends of the arm. The air supplied to the nozzles may be enriched with oxygen. The filter bed is preferably backwashed by upward flow of water therethrough simultaneously with the agitation and scrubbing of the upper portion thereof with the air jets.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 20, 1977
    Date of Patent: October 3, 1978
    Inventor: Fred E. Stuart
  • Patent number: 4100070
    Abstract: An apparatus for treatment of sewage and waste materials, and while applicable to larger installations, is particularly desirable for relatively small, for example family and multi-family installations, utilizing high rate bio-chemical oxidation/physio-chemical adsorption, in which the sewage is subjected to a primary biological treatment, and a secondary settling treatment, with the primary-secondary effluent, following addition thereto of an organic-inorganic chemical material comprising prereacted floc, a phosphate precipitating material and a nonionic polyelectrolyte, operative to maintain pH and zeta potential favorable to floccuation, being subjected to a tertiary treatment by passage through a mixed filtration and adsorption bed containing activated carbon, the mixed bed being periodically regenerated by a partial wet-gas oxygenation cycle, utilizing a reflex operation in which the products of regeneration are returned to the primary treatment, and in which the final effluent may, for example, contain
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 10, 1975
    Date of Patent: July 11, 1978
    Assignee: Filters International, Inc.
    Inventors: Eugene B. White, Mahindar N. Sharma
  • Patent number: 4076625
    Abstract: A baffle and wash trough assembly is provided for reducing media loss during high-turbulence washing of granular-media filters. The assembly includes a water collection trough having an overflow weir on at least one side thereof and a lower portion with downwardly and inwardly converging sides, and a baffle supported adjacent one side of the trough; the baffle having an upwardly concave arcuate portion in opposed relation to the trough lower portion, and defining a restricted flow channel for the wash water to the trough. There may also be provided a second baffle supported adjacent the other side of the trough and having an upwardly concave arcuate portion in opposed relation to the other side of the trough lower portion. The lower end of the second baffle preferably terminates above and inwardly of the lower end of the first baffle, thereby defining a second channel for removal of backwash water.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 16, 1976
    Date of Patent: February 28, 1978
    Assignee: General Filter Company
    Inventors: John James Scholten, James Clinton Young
  • Patent number: 4065391
    Abstract: A distributor that supplies either a liquid or a gas to a bed of granular media, such as a sand filter, is divided by inclined interior walls into primary and secondary horizontal conduits that extend parallel to each other. Gas metering orifices are positioned at an intermediate level in the inclined walls and liquid metering orifices are positioned beneath the gas metering orifices in the inclined walls. A liquid or a gas is supplied to the primary conduits, passes through the metering orifices into the secondary conduits, and through dispersion orifices in the secondary conduits into the filter bed. At least some of the secondary conduits are each connected to at least two primary conduits so that liquid can flow from one primary conduit through a secondary conduit to another primary conduit to compensate for inequalities of flow along the primary conduits.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 4, 1976
    Date of Patent: December 27, 1977
    Assignee: Sybron Corporation
    Inventor: Patrick Farabaugh
  • Patent number: 4051039
    Abstract: There is disclosed an activated sewage disposal plant of the compact or so-called "packaged" type and a method of processing sewage wherein a fast filter is provided through which the effluent liquid from the primary processing is passed, provision being made for backwashing the fast-flow filter from time to time with the backwash being collected in a well or vessel from which it is recycled at a controlled rate to the raw sewage. The entire plant can be embodied in a compact package unit, one common type of which comprises two concentric tanks, the outer one of which is divided into several compartments.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 26, 1976
    Date of Patent: September 27, 1977
    Assignee: Dravo Corporation
    Inventor: Donald F. Heaney
  • Patent number: 4039441
    Abstract: An oil and water mixture is fed under pressure to a lower chamber wherein any free oil rises to the upper part for discharge through an oil outlet while an emulsion of remaining oil and water is displaced upwardly through a baffle and a coalescing bed into an upper chamber having an upper outlet for coalesced oil and a lower outlet for separated water. To clean the coalescing bed, the mixture feed to the lower chamber is interrupted and the liquid level in the chambers is lowered to a region of the coalescing bed, after which gas is delivered under pressure to the liquid in the lower chamber so as to cause bubbling of the liquid in the bed, whereby dirt trapped therein is freed. The liquid level is then raised as the bubbling action continues, so that the dirt-containing liquid can be discharged from the upper chamber.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 8, 1974
    Date of Patent: August 2, 1977
    Assignee: The De Laval Separator Company
    Inventor: Richard H. G. Fett
  • Patent number: 4036854
    Abstract: A filter having a peripheral skirt extending above and below the filter element, provides a gaseous cushion which prevents clogging the filter. The peripheral edges of the filter may have means for preventing entry of solid in the narrow space between the skirt wall and the filter edge. The filter can be part of an entry or exit port in the base of a crystallizer in which crystals are formed, washed, melted and filtered in a single unit. A reactor containing the novel filter is also useful for carrying reactions using heterogeneous catalysts and reactions in which an initially homogeneous catalyst becomes nonhomogeneous during the reaction.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 26, 1976
    Date of Patent: July 19, 1977
    Assignee: The Dow Chemical Company
    Inventor: Kuo Yuan Chang
  • Patent number: 4036757
    Abstract: A filter system to follow a primary sewage treatment unit delivering substantially clarified effluent, the filter system having plural vertical filter columns nearly filled with filter aggregate and each column having a vertical stand pipe terminating near the bottom of the column and operative to introduce air to bubble up through the aggregate while the column is having water backflushed through it, and the filter system having a separate path by which backflushed water with the solids entrained therein is returned to the primary treatment unit during backflush purge cycles.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 4, 1976
    Date of Patent: July 19, 1977
    Inventor: Howard P. Peasley
  • Patent number: 4021339
    Abstract: A fluid filter is disclosed wherein the in-flow passes through a plurality of beds in the filter in a generally horizontal direction. Means are provided to backwash the beds of the filter with the backwash fluid travelling through the beds in an upwardly vertical direction. Thus, the direction of flow of the in-flow is substantially normal to the direction of flow of the backwash fluid. Each of the beds is separately confined such that each bed may expand upwardly during backwash.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 12, 1975
    Date of Patent: May 3, 1977
    Inventor: Patrick Foody
  • Patent number: 3980561
    Abstract: A device for purifying sewage by employing a bed of aerobes or activated sludge characterized by the use of a movable air supply means which is moved across the bottom portion of the bed to apply a concentrated supply of air to a limited portion of the bed to effect air washing of the bed and also applies the air washing to the entire bed in a predetermined period of time.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 11, 1975
    Date of Patent: September 14, 1976
    Assignee: Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd.
    Inventors: Toru Miyagi, Nobuyoshi Katakai, Masanori Narita, Tatsuya Uchida, Minondo Kimura
  • Patent number: 3970555
    Abstract: Gas bubbles, and in particular nitrogen gas bubbles, generated during the denitrification of treated wastewater in a deep-bed filter are removed by venting them from a level below the surface of the filter bed. Gas removal may be enhanced by introducing pressurized air or water into the lower portion of the filter bed to dislodge the gas bubbles from the filter media and drive them upward where they can be vented to the atmosphere. Alternatively, pressurized air or water may be introduced into a vent pipe located below the surface of the filter bed to drive the gas bubbles up through the surface of the filter bed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 10, 1975
    Date of Patent: July 20, 1976
    Assignee: Dravo Corporation
    Inventors: Elton Stuart Savage, Jeffrey J. Chen
  • Patent number: 3956128
    Abstract: A system for treating waste waters including a pair of concentric tanks forming a space therebetween which serves as an aeration chamber. Untreated but screened waste water is discharged into the (annular) space and withdrawn therefrom by a pump which passes the liquid through an oxygenating device which induces air into the liquid. The liquid is then circulated through long tubing wound around the outside peripheral surface of the tank to obtain intimate contact between the gas, liquid and solids therein and to convert dissolved material into insoluble material by a conventional biochemical process. The liquid thus processed in the tubing is introduced into the central or inner tank where the treated solids rise to the surface for recycling in the system while the liquid effluent is filtered and discharged to a river or stream.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 12, 1975
    Date of Patent: May 11, 1976
    Assignee: Degremont, S.A.
    Inventor: Abner B. Turner
  • Patent number: RE31456
    Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for removing large volumes of contaminants or for recovering valuable minerals present in trace amounts or greater quantities by ion exchange treatment of phosphoric acid liquids or the like as they flow through a resin bed wherein ions in the liquid are sorbed into the resin by an ion exchange mechanism. The resin bed is folded, moving bed which exhibits all of the advantages of a packed ion exchange resin bed. Laminar flows are developed at times in the moving bed system, while the moving bed used is of a "folded" type having a maximum height approximately one-third that of conventional, unfolded countercurrent units. The ion exchange treatment occurs within a loading vessel resin bed, the beads in the feed portion of which become exhausted and sequentially move out of the loading vessel for subsequent regeneration and rinsing, followed by eventual return to the loading vessel.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 27, 1982
    Date of Patent: December 6, 1983
    Assignee: American Petro Mart, Inc.
    Inventor: Lee G. Carlson