Abstract: An ion exchange apparatus in which granular exchanger material is deposited to a level above a horizontal drainage for the regeneration medium solution of an ascending countercurrent regeneration process and considerably below an upper liquid connection. A timing generator that divides the regeneration phase into flow segments and rest segments is provided. To reduce the amount of regeneration medium required while changing only slightly the flow resistance and improving the exchanger efficiency, the concentration of the regeneration medium solution is increased to a value that without the timing generator leads to poor utilization of a given amount of regeneration medium. An additional layer of exchanger material excluded from the regeneration process is deposited to a level considerably above the drainage. An intermediate layer of exchanger material extends to a level considerably below the drainage, adjoins the additional layer, and can be mixed with the latter via a mixing device.

Abstract: Container for active purifying agent for the purification of liquids, in particular photographic processing baths, comprising a container bottom above which is a space (2) for containing active purifying substance, a closure mechanism (5), an inlet tube (6) and a discharge tube (7) wherein a porous, compressible mass (4) is arranged between the space (2) for active purifying substance and the closure device (5).

Abstract: Process for operating and regenerating a fixed bed ion exchanger on a continuous basis without the need for moving the bed or closing down the operation during the regeneration step which comprises forming a fluid wall of the feed solution containing the ions to be removed and continuously flowing the feed solution as a fluid wall through a fixed ion exchange bed at a high rate until the ion exchange bed becomes exhausted and in need of regeneration, then terminating the flow of feed solution and forming a fluid wall of a stripping solution which will remove the ions from the ion exchange resin and flowing the stripping solution as a fluid wall through the fixed ion exchange bed at a high rate until the activity of the bed has been restored, then terminating the flow of stripping solution and again forming a fluid wall of the feed solution and continuously flowing the feed solution as a fluid wall through the fixed ion exchange bed at a high rate.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for treating a fluid by passing the fluid through a bed of particulate material such as an ion exchange resin capable of taking up from the fluid a component to be removed therefrom. Substantially uniform fluid flow distribution across the cross-sectional area of the bed is achieved by employing resins of fine particle size which are maintained in an overpacked condition.

Abstract: Described is an insert for a water purifier comprising substantially cylindrical side walls (9) with a filter top (16) and a filter bottom (10) at the end thereof, and with an annular sealing means (12, 22) secured to the upper end of the side walls (9).

Abstract: A fluidized bed plate has been provided which provides uniform flow of a sodium-gold-cyanide or sodium-silver-cyanide solution in gold and/or silver recovery by means of sorbing or desorbing in a fluidized carbon bed. The bed plate comprises a floor grate which supports a screen mesh which in turn supports one or more layers of shot. Carbon particles are supported by the shot. The flow of the fluid is uniform through the mesh and shot because of the arrangement of the voids created between the shot due to their natural stacking characteristics. This fluid flow is effective in fluidizing the carbon particles uniformly with little abrasion. A unique tank design permits desportion of the carbon particles while the tank is temporarily taken off-line. After the tank is reactivated it can be placed back on-line as required. The fluidized bed plate of this invention can be used in a column where processing of the solution in series is desired.

Abstract: A filter drier is disclosed for installation in a liquid refrigerant line of a refrigeration system, the filter drier comprising a housing having an inlet at one end thereof and an outlet at the other end thereof. The liquid refrigerant is discharged from the inlet into the housing in a jet and a perforate plate is provided within the housing against which this jet impinges for diffusing the refrigerant jet substantially across the width of the housing. A filter filters the diffused liquid refrigerant and a bed of desiccant beads is provided with a perforate divider between the filter and the desiccant. A perforate support plate supports the desiccant bed and a second filter bears on the downstream perforate support plate with the desiccant being engageable with the second filter.

Abstract: A fluid distributor comprises a distributor body having a fluid port at one face and a distribution surface at the opposite face, with the distribution surface having a plurality of uniformly spaced distribution openings. Fluid passages defined by channels and bores in the distributor body provide fluid communication between the fluid port and the distribution openings such that there is substantially equal fluid flow to each distribution opening. A method of fluid distribution particularly adapted for chromatography applications is also disclosed.

Abstract: A filter block used in the construction of a multi-block filter bottom includes upper and lower lateral sections extending between end walls and being separated from each other by a horizontal petition that includes ports for communicating the upper and lower lateral sections with each other. A removable top wall section includes passages through it for communicating with the upper lateral section, and fastening means are provided for removably securing the top wall section to the remainder of the block.

Abstract: A single unit fluidized-bed reactor having a reaction space for purification of waste water with biomass attached to carrier particles, comprising a liquid distribution device above the bottom of the reaction space particularly suited for introduction of waste water in wide reactors to achieve uniform fluidization therein, said device consisting of a number of substantially horizontal pipes, each having in the under-surface a number of regularly distributed openings for downward introduction of the liquid, and on top of the reaction space united therewith a multifunctional separation compartment for complete separation of the gas-liquid-solids mixture leaving the reaction space and for complete return of attached biomass into the reaction space, the separation compartment being construction so as to handle treatments involving large or small gas fractions in reactors of varying width.

Abstract: A filter employing a discrete particle filter medium (3,11), such as graded sand or the like, in which the outlet passage (6) located at the bottom (1, 29,8) of a bed of filter medium is provided in which air can be employed in the backwashing process to agitate the filter medium. The filter has shallow coarser layers (9,10,28) of particulate material beneath the filter medium (11) itself and one set of outlet nozzles (14,19,27) having appropriately dimensional perforations positioned in the coarser or coarsest particle layer (9,28). In addition further finer perforated surfaces (16,23,30) communicate with the bottom of the filter medium (11) itself and the arrangement is such that when air is introduced perparatory to, or during backwashing the air emerges predominantly from the elevated finer perforated surfaces (16,23,30).

Abstract: Water filtering apparatus is disclosed comprising a water filtering unit attachable to faucets or water pipes and a valve assembly used in conjunction therewith. The filtering unit is provided at each end with fluid dispersion plates constructed so that fluid passes uniformly therethrough to prevent channeling of a central filtering and conditioning media of activated carbon granules. Fabric filter members are interposed between the dispersion plates and the carbon granules to remove suspended particulates from the fluid. The valve assembly may be interposed between the faucet and the filtering unit to reverse the fluid flow and backwash the filtering unit.

Abstract: A fluidized bed waste water treatment reactor which includes a reactor tank containing a particulate media, an array of perforated distribution pipes disposed in a horizontal, parallel array adjacent the bottom of the reactor tank for introducing fluidizing liquid substantially uniformly over the cross-sectional area of the reactor tank. The arrangement is characterised in that an inlet end of each of the distribution pipes extends externally of the reactor tank and the distribution pipes are connected together by a header tank positioned externally of the reactor tank. This arrangement allows access externally of the reactor tank to individual distribution pipes which allows blockages of the pipes to be readily cleared.

Abstract: A water filtering device has a substantially horizontal rotatable drum having a filter layer composed of a granular filter material and a space therein, the rotatable drum being rotatable about its own axis, a first water flow pipe extending axially into the rotatable drum in coaxial relationship, the first water flow pipe having a first branch extending radially outwardly in the space for introducing crude water to be filtered into the rotatable drum and discharging waste washing water out of the rotatable drum, and a second water flow pipe extending axially into the rotatable drum in coaxial relationship, the second water flow pipe having a second branch extending radially outwardly in the filter layer for discharging filtered water out of the rotatable drum and introducing washing water into the rotatable drum. The rotatable drum is rotatably mounted on the first and second water flow pipes. The first and second water flow pipes are fixedly mounted on a support base.

Abstract: The lower end of an ion exchange column is provided with a rotatable valve member which, in a first position, supports resin material in the column and, in a second position, allows the resin material to drop out of the column. The valve member can include a sintered body which in the first position supports the resin material and permits drainage of reagents introduced into the column. On rotating the valve member into its second position the sintered body can fall out of the valve member to permit the resin material to fall out of the column through the valve member. A replacement sintered body can be dropped down the column on to the valve member and the column can be refilled with resin material for further use.

Abstract: A filter system has a filter media comprised of particles of filter material contained within the lower end of a vessel. Liquid flows into the upper end of the vessel and down through the filter media, thereby removing unwanted contaminants from the liquid. When the accumulated contaminant load in the filter media reaches a selected value, the filter media is cleaned of contaminants by vigorously circulating the media within the vessel. This scrubbing action transfers the contaminants from the filter media into the scrub water, and thereby enables the contaminants to be removed from the vessel by discharging the scrub water therefrom. All activity is stopped to enable the media to gravitate back to the bottom of the vessel. The cleaned filter is returned to operation.

Abstract: The invention provides a filter apparatus and method for removing inclusions from a molten metal alloy and includes a container having an inlet portion and an outlet portion. A filter bed is located within said container, interposed between said container inlet and said container outlet, and is comprised of a plurality of filter zones arranged in progressive layers. Each of the filter zones contains particles of filter material within a preselected size range, and the filter zones are successively arranged to selectively locate the largest filter particles at the container outlet and the smallest filter particles at the container inlet. Molten metal alloy is filtered by passing it through the filter bed.

Abstract: A mixed-bed device for producing pure water for use in the electronic industry, the pharmaceutical industry, etc., comprises a water collector which is shaped to spread along the bottom of a container and which has water collecting apertures positionable as substantially uniformly distributed over the bottom.

Abstract: The strainer assembly comprises a body (1) which is to be mounted in the floor (14) of the filter and which has open upper and lower ends. A hollow open ended stem (3) has an external screw-thread (4) which engages with an internal screw-thread (2) in the body. The stem projects outwardly from the body below the lower end of the body and is axially adjustable relative to the body so that the effect of filter construction errors can be eliminated. A flexible tab (11) on the stem engages with ribs (10) on the body to prevent unintentional relative rotation of the stem and body. A strainer (8) is fitted to the upper end of the body and a flow control orifice (5) is provided in the stem. The area of the orifice is smaller than the total open area of the strainer.

Abstract: Bracelet-shaped filter device molded of plastic has a frame surrounding a slotted filter portion and integral retaining portions which permit it to be held tightly in contact with the surface of a pipe. The filter portion contains a plurality of evenly spaced slots which are positioned so as to be spaced at a predetermined distance from an aperture in the pipe through which fluid may pass. The filter slots are V-shaped and of increasing width in a direction toward the center of the pipe. In a preferred embodiment, the retaining portions are integral straps which can be tightened and held by an integral fastener. In a modified structure which is suitable for small tubes, the device may include curved portions which are adapted to be spread apart and snapped over the sides of the tube. The devices are especially useful to prevent entry of the solid particles in a fluidized bed into the fluid supply conduit.

Abstract: A water purification device comprises a raw water channel forming plate extending spirally along the inner wall of a filter tank. A collector for collecting filtered water, positioned in the layer of the filter medium substantially at the center of the raw water channel forming plate, is also disclosed. Since the raw water is filtered from the periphery of the layer of the filter medium and the continuous raw water channel formed by the spirally extending raw water channel forming plate enables the number of influx points of raw water into the raw water channel to be reduced to one at a minimum, the structure is simplified and manufacture costs are reduced.

Abstract: A methfd of filtering fine solids from a fluid (gas or liquid) flowing upwardly through a chamber containing a semifluidized bed of discrete filter particles. During a filtering operation, the upper or packed section of the bed is immobilized by a porous retainer at the top of the chamber and, as the operation proceeds, the packed bed section gradually expands downwardly, and the fluidized bed section below it progressively decreases in size, thereby extending the duration of the filtration run and yielding a more uniform distribution of solids throughout the filter medium.

Abstract: A filter module wherein the fluid to be filtered is projected into a chamber containing a floating bed of buoyant bodies confined within the chamber at the top side and wherein the point of entry of the fluid is constantly moved about the center of the bed so that successive portions of the bed are subjected to weltering while the remainder is quiescent such that the solids are separated from the bodies dispersed by weltering and gravitate to the bottom of the module and are drawn off and the filtrate is drawn off through the quiescent portion of the bed at the top.

Abstract: A valve mechanism is used in combination with a fluid treatment device of the type having a tank defining a treatment bed, particulate treatment material contained within the treatment bed, and a central distribution tube mounted in the bed and terminating in a plurality of distributors which provide fluid communication between the bed and the distribution tube. The valve mechanism consists of a plurality of ball valves, each connected to a different one of the distributors and having unidirectional flow restriction assemblies such that fluid flow in a first direction from the bed to the distributor tube is relatively unrestricted, and fluid flow in a second direction from the distribution tube to the treatment bed is relatively restricted.

Abstract: A disposable bed filter for removing particulate matter and/or reducing oxygen in a poured metal melt is located within a trough. The bed filter preferably comprises discrete layers of bed media located in a trough between entry and exit baffle plates. The layers of bed media include a layer of coarse media and a layer of fine media. The trough is preferably provided with a closeable lid to permit removal of the bed media and to compensate for buoyancy of the bed media if present. In its preferred use, the bed filter forms part of a process for making a metal alloy wherein the bed filter simultaneously reduces the oxygen content of the melt and filters particulate matter from the melt.

Abstract: A fluid-solids contacting device is provided in tanks which can be essentially filled with particulate solids treating medium. An improved fluid distributor element is provided in such vessels including a tube-defining-frame such as a helix which is anchored to a fluid inlet or outlet pipe and which is covered with a fabric sleeve secured annularly to the pipe end. Where the pipe is an inlet pipe, all of the fluid must flow through the sleeve and is distributed over the area of the sleeve within the fluid-solids treating vessel. Where the pipe is an outlet pipe, the fluids leaving the tank must pass through the sleeve before entering into the outlet pipe. In both cases the flow distribution of the fluid within the tank is improved.

Abstract: A fluid filter arrangement particularly useful in removal of selected impurities from drinking water including a hollow casing means to receive a selectively removable top end, and bottom end, defining a chamber and having an inlet in the top end for admission fluid to be treated and an outlet in the bottom end for emission of treated fluid, replaceable treating material retention means having a sidewall of generally the same shape as the inner wall of the casing so the sidewall of the retention means engages the sidewall of the casing in sealing relation where the retention means includes a concave fluid porous inlet end to be disposed in communicative relation with the fluid inlet and fluid porous outlet end opposite the inlet end communicating with the fluid outlet from the casing, where the replacable treating material means is designed to be replaced by terminating the flow of fluid to the hollow casing means by a method known in the art and removing the top end of the casing means.

Abstract: The drainpipe is of triangular cross-sectional shape and has an oblong slot in the bottom surface which is closed over by a stepped ledge having webs and grooves. The slot and grooves in the ledge form a flow connection between the filter basin and the interior of the drainpipe. The drainpipe is simple to manufacture and dead zones in the filter mass not wetted by the flushing media during back flushing are completely avoided or reduced to a minimum.

Abstract: A bed of silver activated charcoal in combination with a downstream bed of a mixture of anion exchange resins and cation exchange resins aerate, purify, soften and dealkalize water flowing therethrough. Periodic flushing through a unit having a solution of sodium chloride or potassium chloride regenerates both exchange resins. An upright cylindrical container having screen separated compartments for the chemicals and filters receives tap water from a pressure reducing nozzle and discharges the conditioned water through a spigot. The unit containing the chemical regenerant is selectively connectable intermediate the nozzle and the container.

Abstract: A bottom for a filter of the type that employs granular material for removing impurities from liquids includes a trough, the bottom wall of which is interrupted by an egress passage for the granular material. Lateral wall sections of the bottom slope upwardly away from the trough toward sidewalls of the filter. An elongate header, having a central passageway therethrough, is embedded in an elongate sidewall section defining a part of the trough, and a plurality of openings are provided through an outer wall of the header and spaced-apart along the elongate extent thereof for permitting filtered liquid to pass into the header. A plurality of conduits extend laterally from the header and include central passageways communicating with the central passageway of the header. These conduits are spaced-apart along the elongate extent of the header and slope upwardly from the header toward sidewalls of the filter and are embedded in the sloping lateral wall sections of the bottom.

Abstract: This relates to a filter unit which is particularly adapted for removing odors, bacteria and certain chemicals from water. The filter may be utilized as an in-line filter although it is preferable that the filter unit be mounted in parallel pairs with there being end plates at the opposite ends of the filter units to form a filter assembly. The end plates not only have required flow passages therethrough, but also function as supports.

Abstract: A self-supporting underdrain unit to be placed upon the substantially horizontal floor of a filter tank to provide a liquid filtration system is disclosed. The self-supporting underdrain unit provides separately controllable fluid and exhaust gas header systems for backwashing. The exhaust gas and backwashing fluid are mixed in a turbulent mixing zone to provide superior backwashing and cleansing action.

Abstract: A mixed bed deionizer unit which provides in situ regeneration through the use of two compact multi-valve assemblies and an intermediate manifold which are automatically controlled to supply backwash water, chemical draw for cleansing both cation and anion resins simultaneously and rinsing water in a sequentially controlled manner. An internal water and chemical distribution system in the mixed bed tank is provided which has both input distribution and output drainage capabilities.

Abstract: For removing iron from water the present apparatus has a bed of manganese zeolite particles above an outlet screen unit and below an inlet screen unit in a container. The container has enough empty space above the treatment bed to permit substantially all of its particles to be tumbled vigorously during backwash for effective removal of the accumulated iron and other impurities trapped in the treatment bed. Each screen unit includes a pair of split rings which hold foraminous screens between them and are radially contractable for slidable insertion in the container, after which they expand radially for a tight fit inside the container. Cross bars on each split ring reinforce the screens.

Abstract: Apparatus for purification of waste water includes an upright adsorber filled with active carbon passing in downward direction through the adsorber while waste water flows in upward direction therethrough. A distributing arrangement is produced at the region of the lower end of the adsorber, into which waste water is fed, and constructed to assure a substantial even distribution of the waste water during its upward flow through the carbon column. A regulating arrangement is provided to regulate the flow of the carbon through the adsorber in dependence on the concentration of the organic contaminants adsorbed by the carbon.

Abstract: An apparatus for purification of waste water includes an upright adsorber filled with inorganic granular adsorption material flowing in downward direction through the adsorber while waste water is fed in upward direction therethrough. The adsorber has a frustoconical outlet portion in which an inlet cone, having a perforated upwardly tapering wall, is provided into which the waste water is fed to assure a substantially even distribution of the waste water in the column of granular adsorption material during the upward flow of the waste water through the adsorber.

Abstract: A column for removing poisons and/or other undesired substances from a liquid mixture. The column has a mixture of inactive filler particles and active granules positioned therein, with said filler particles being substantially larger than said active granules, (which are selected from adsorbing material and ion-exchanging material). The filler particles are in fixed contact relationship with each other and the active granules completely fill the spaces between the filler particles.

Abstract: A liquid treating apparatus in which a vertically disposed tank has a series of longitudinally arrayed volume variable beds of liquid treatment material with fluid permeable partitions between the beds which move longitudinally in response to expansion and contraction of the beds. Forming a part of each partition and moving therewith is a fluid conduit system for collecting and distributing fluids between pairs of beds.

Abstract: An apparatus for the desalination of water using a mixed cation-anion exchange resin bed and comprising a cylindrical, pressure resistant tank, a disposable cartridge containing the resin and positioned in the tank and seals at the sides of the cartridge for preventing leakage around the bed; the cartridge is preferably made from a lightweight, inexpensive material such as a polyolefin plastic, i.e., polyethylene.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for removing contaminants or for recovering valuable minerals in trace amounts by ion exchange treatment of liquids such as municipal and industrial waste waters, ore mining and processing tailings, and the like as they flow through a resin bed wherein ions in the liquid are sorbed into the resin by an ion exchange mechanism. The resin bed is a folded, moving bed which exhibits all of the advantages of a packed ion exchange resin bed. Laminar flows are developed throughout the moving bed system to maintain all interfaces intact, even during the rinsing operation, while the moving bed used is of a "folded" type having a maximum height approximately one-third that of conventional countercurrent units. The ion exchange treatment occurs within a loading vessel resin bed, the beads in the feed portion of which become exhausted and sequentially move out of the loading vessel for subsequent regeneration and rinsing, followed by eventual return to the loading vessel.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for operating a primary bed ion exchange resin demineralizer and for regenerating and backwashing the resins thereof. A spider-type distributor assembly having integral flow control means is installed in the top head of a resin-containing exchange vessel, to permit resin bed volume to substantially occupy the entire vessel volume, limited only by the in-service swelling characteristics of the resin. An auxiliary vessel, termed the resin drop tank, is provided for receiving a portion of the resin from the exchange vessel to accomplish backwashing of such portion outside the exchange vessel and all or none of the remaining resin inside the exchange vessel before replacing and regenerating the resin.

Abstract: An underdrain assembly for a filter tank includes a plurality of spirally shaped hollow tubular elements of substantially equal length having capped terminal ends and equally spaced perforations in lower sides thereof. The elements are equally spaced apart so that the perforations in adjacent elements are spaced substantially the same as the perforations in the tubular elements. Backwash water fed out through such perforations is therefore distributed during a backwashing operation substantially uniformly throughout the filter bed of the tank overlying the underdrain assembly so that the entirety of the filter bed is completely and uniformly backwashed.

Abstract: An ion exchange apparatus having a plurality of channels or manifolds used for liquid distribution and collection purposes within an end of a container adjacent to an ion exchange resin bed can be improved by using a check valve permitting flow in one direction to all of the channels as the bed is being employed under "service" conditions to treat water and permitting flow in the opposite direction in less than all of the channels as the bed is being treated with a regenerant solution. Such use of less than all of such panels during the treatment of the bed with the regenerant solution makes it possible to achieve good distribution of a relatively small amount of the regenerant solution and to receive regeneration of the bed utilizing such a comparatively small amount of the regenerant solution.

Abstract: An internally smooth disposable column, of various sizes up to 800 ml. internal volume, made of biocompatible polymer is filled with particulate absorbent, e.g. carbon coated with polyHEMA, between support means located as close as practicable to inlet and outlet. L/D ratio is usually 1.5:1-5:1. Various shapes e.g. double frustoconical or trochoid of revolution are proposed for the column, which is preferably symmetrical to facilitate moulding of identical column halves; these shapes usually converge to meet a funnel-shaped connecting piece at inlet and outlet.

Abstract: An improved modular container for containing particulate material and providing a flow path for contaminated liquid to be purified. The improved modular container includes a pair of containment disks mounted within a housing frame having particulate material secured therebetween. The containment disks are formed of alternating rows of undulating elements to provide a tortuous path for liquid passing therethrough and further, to create dispersal of fluid in a direction substantially normal to the overall flow path. The containment disks are mounted between resilient sleeve members which are in themselves secured to an internal surface of the housing structure. The resilient disks include support structures for interfacing with a lower surface of each of the containment disk members in order to maintain such in plane relation during flow conditions of the liquid being purified.

Abstract: An ion exchange liquid treatment apparatus including a tank having an upwardly dished bottom wall and a distributor of the type having a central header and a plurality of distributor conduits extending outwardly from this header. Each distributor conduit is formed of a first straight conduit section that extends generally radially outwardly from the header and a second straight conduit section that is connected to the first conduit section by a pipe elbow whereby the second conduit section can be positioned oblique to a plane through the longitudinal axis of the tank and at a shallow angle to a plane perpendicular to the tank axis to generally conform to the contour of the dished bottom wall of the tank. Each of the second distributor conduit sections preferably have lateral conduits extending transverse thereto to achieve generally uniform liquid flow throughout the cross-section of the tank.

Abstract: Adsorption columns are provided which can be utilized in radioimmunoassay systems, such as those involving the separation of antibody-antigen complexes from free antigens. The preparation of the columns includes the treatment of retaining substrate material to render it hydrophilic, preparation and degassing of the separation material and loading the column.

Abstract: A coil type filter for diversified applications comprises a spiral wound coil having an inlet and an outlet at opposite ends thereof, said inlet and outlet apertures having a screen positioned to retain the filtering element within the coil. Couplings are provided on the exterior of the coil at each end for connection to other portions of a fluid flow system. The interior of the coil is partially filled with activated carbon granules which perform the filtering operation. In a modification of the invention, the coil would be positioned within a housing which contains a circulating fluid for maintaining the temperature at predetermined levels. In another embodiment of the invention, the spiral wound coil is mounted within a housing with the inlet and outlet both extending outwardly from the same portion of the housing. The filter outlet is a substantially straight tube extending from the interior end portion of the coil substantially parallel to the axis of said coil and along its entire length.

Abstract: The invention discloses an improved granular media filter of the type including a filter tank, means for dividing the tank into a plurality of cells, means within each cell for holding horizontal porous support plates, a bed of filter media on the porous support plates, influent means for delivering fluid to be treated to the top of the filter bed, filtrate receiving means in each cell below the support plates for receiving the treated fluid, an effluent channel for removing the treated liquid from the filter, port means for delivering the treated liquid from each filtrate receiving means to the common effluent channel and backwashing means that cooperate with the port means to force a backwashing liquid back through the port means and filtrate receiving means and up through the filter bed for removing contaminants therein and thereon.

Abstract: A filter cartridge, for an internally by-passable water purifier apparatus, is in the form of a tubular shell that has inlet and outlet walls with at least one opening being defined in each. A water filtering material is disposed within the shell. Running lengthwise of the shell is an arrangement for guiding water from the inlet to the outlet regions and exclusive of the filtering material. That arrangement is either interiorly of or external to the shell.The cartridge is usable in a purifier apparatus that has a housing with an inlet for the flow of water as well as a single outlet area for discharging the flow of water. A channel defines the path of water flow from the inlet to the outlet, and a chamber is defined in that channel in the path of the flow. One valve is disposed in the channel for controlling the flow of water from the inlet through the cartridge to the outlet.