Abstract: The invention relates to a separating device, more particularly for hemodialysis, comprising a housing accommodating at least one bundle of a large number of tubular, selectively permeable membranes connected in parallel whose transverse dimensions are very small relative to their longitudinal dimensions. The ends of the membranes rest on supporting members in the housing. The membranes may be the walls of hollow fibers which divide the internal part of the separating device into a first medium space provided by the inside of the membranes and a second medium space inside the housing but outside the membranes. The medium spaces are each provided with an inlet and an outlet for respectively the supply and the discharge of a first and a second medium, which media can enter into exchange through the walls of the membranes.

Abstract: A hollow-fiber permeability apparatus includes:a housing; a bundle of permeable-wall hollow fibers disposed in the housing; inlet means for supplying a first fluid into the spaces between the fibers; outlet means for withdrawing the first fluid from the housing, the first fluid being led through at least one of the inlet and outlet means in a lamelliform flow toward the bundle, whereby the first fluid can uniformly flow through the whole bundle; and means for flowing a second fluid inside the fibers such that materials selectively permeate through the walls of the fibers.

Abstract: A filtration device for effecting separation of a blood cell-free liquid filtrate from a blood cell-containing liquid suspension in continuous laminar flow therethrough, employing a microporous filtration membrane. The filtration flow channels along the surface of the upstream side of the membrane wall are provided with a width across the membrane wall surface which gradually and uniformly increases from the inlet end to the outlet end of the flow channel, whereby the membrane wall shear rate of the suspension in laminar flow through the flow channel will gradually and uniformly vary along the length of the flow channel from a maximum value at its inlet end to a minimum value at its outlet end. Such variation in shear rate corresponds with the variation in the transmembrane pressure conditions along the length of the flow channel so as to enable better control of the filtration operating conditions to insure optimal filtration rates per area of membrane without damage to the blood cells.

Abstract: The invention provides a water filter, particularly suited for household use, with valving which enables either a bypass mode or a filtering mode. During the filtering mode the water flows through a number of filtering layers one of which is a microporous membrane and during the bypass mode the water flows parallel to and against the membrane so as to cleanse the membrane of material accumulated thereon during the filtering mode.

Abstract: A device for safe disposal of chemical wastes for placement in a sink atop the drain for the simultaneous mixing of disposable flowable material and flushing liquid, such as tap water, into the sink drain. The device consists of a funneling means in cooperation with a supporting sleeve essentially a cylindrical strainer attached to a beveled horizontal flange which extends inward beyond the supporting sleeve in close proximity of the funneling means to form an annular opening there between. The flange supports the funnel device over the sink drain.

Abstract: A hollow-fiber permeability apparatus includes: a housing; a bundle of permeable-wall hollow fibers disposed in the housing; inlet means for supplying a first fluid into the spaces between the fibers; outlet means for withdrawing the first fluid from the housing, the first fluid being led through at least one of the inlet and outlet means in a lamelliform flow toward the bundle, whereby the first fluid can uniformly flow through the whole bundle; and means for flowing a second fluid inside the fibers such that materials selectively permeate through the walls of the fibers.

Abstract: Rotationally symmetric fluid distribution cell modules combinable to form stacks for the processing of solutions are disclosed. Each module comprises at least one membrane and/or diaphragm and/or electrode and a plate, the latter having a central aperture and a plurality of fluid distribution ports symmetrically spaced in a configuration about the aperture. Connecting fluid passages lead from at least one of the ports in the plate to the central aperture such that part or all of the fluid introduced into one of those ports will flow into the aperture. In some applications of the modules there will be a second connecting fluid passage leading from the aperture to a second port such that at least part of the fluid introduced into the aperture will flow out the second port.Stacking the plates in combination with different types of electrodes, membranes and/or diaphragms provides a cell stack in which a large variety of fluid treatment processes may be carried out.

Abstract: Flow distribution means for a dewatering screen comprising a nozzle assembly having a rotatable valve and housing assembly extending transversely of the feed end of the screen. Manual or automatically operable actuator means are interconnected to the valve for controlling movement thereof to vary the size of the spout opening of the nozzle and for providing rapid opening of the spout for purging the nozzle assembly.

Abstract: A dialyzer comprises a housing, a plurality of hollow fibers extending in the housing parallel to one another, solution inlet and outlet ports provided at the ends of the housing through respective seal members, respectively and communicating with liquid passages inside the hollow fibers, and dialysate inlet and outlet ports provided near the ends of the housing, respectively, and communicating with a liquid passage outside the hollow fibers. The dialysate inlet port has a diameter of 1.5 to 3.5 mm, and the dialysate outlet port has a diameter of 6 to 10 mm.

Abstract: A fluid filtering device is provided which is particularly suitable for connection with the suction line of a hydraulic system. The fluid filtering device comprises an elongated housing open at its upper end and secured to a fluid reservoir so that the lower end of the housing is positioned below the fluid level in the reservoir while fluid outlet means are formed on the lower submerged end of the housing. An annular housing member is coaxially positioned within and secured to the main housing below the fluid level of the reservoir so that the annular housing member is spaced radially inwardly from the main housing thus forming an annular chamber therebetween. The interior of the housing member is open to the filter outlet while fluid passageways through the housing member establish fluid communication between the annular chamber and the fluid outlet.

Abstract: The invention concerns hollow fibre apparatus for the fractionation of fluids which comprises,a mandrel towards the ends of which two sealing elements are situated which surround the said mandrel and by which the hollow fibres are held, the fibres extending from one sealing element to the other, at least one of these sealing elements being traversed by the hollow fibres so that open ends thereof are exposed at an outer side thereof and having an inner side opposite to the inner side of the other sealing element which is inclined at least in part with respect to the longitudinal axis of the mandrel, a casing which is arranged at least around the hollow fibres and the sealing elements and which defines, between its inner wall, the inner sides of the sealing elements and the mandrel, a chamber in which the hollow fibres are arranged,first inlet and/or outlet means for introducing and/or withdrawing fluid which is circulated inside the hollow fibres, and second inlet and outlet means for introducing and withdrawi

Abstract: An intake distributor for a settling tank filter with horizontally arranged filter elements which are located one above the other on a vertical hollow shaft arranged centrally in the tank while at the upper end of the inner tank chamber there is provided an annular chamber which is coaxial with the axis of the tank. This annular chamber on one hand communicates with the inlet and, on the other hand, through a coaxial annular slot or gap communicates with the interior of the tank. A suspension comprising a carrier liquid and a filter substance or an auxiliary filter means is passed through the annular chamber or annular slot in the interior of the tank, and the filter substance or auxiliary filter means while being circulated is settled on the filter elements. The inlet to the annular chamber is divided into at least two branches which lead at equal angular distances into the annular chamber. The flow cross section of the annular slot is considerably less than the flow cross section of the inlet.

Abstract: The self-cleaning filter for purifying a liquid from suspended particles has a housing with pipes for the inlet of the liquid to be purified and for the outlet of the clarified liquid, accomodating at least one filtering partition dividing the internal space of the housing into chambers for the liquid to be purified and for the clarified liquid, and means for flushing this partition with a countercurrent of the clarified liquid. The inlet pipe for the liquid to be purified is arranged on the housing within the chamber for the clarified liquid so that its geometric axis is substantially parallel with the plane of the filtering partition and communicates with another pipe received in the chamber for the clarified liquid so that its geometric axis extends centrally of this chamber, substantially perpendicular to the plane of the filtering partition, the latter having made therein an opening the edges whereof are connected to said another pipe.

Abstract: A water filter apparatus includes a housing having a horizontally-disposed base unit. A coupling upstands from one end portion of the base unit and is attachable to a faucet for receiving a supply of water. An outlet is downwardly directed from the base unit to discharge water received through the coupling. Also disposed within the base unit is a valve that selectively permits the flow of water through the coupling and in discharge from the outlet. Upstanding from another portion of the base unit is an inverted cup-shaped cap. An input fluid channel within the base unit leads from the valve to the chamber defined by the cap, and the valve selectively permits the flow of water through the coupling into the input channel and from that into the chamber. A filter cartridge disposed within the cap has an inlet opening communicating water from the input channel to the filter material.

Abstract: A self-contained apparatus for concentrating and dialyzing protein and other macromolecular liquid samples rapidly to precise, predetermined microliter quantities. An elongate rod of predetermined volume, having irregular cross section along its length, is disposed within a semi-permeable membrane sample container in spaced juxtaposition with the membrane to maximize the rates of concentration and dialysis. The rod also cooperates with a sample collection chamber sealingly interconnected detachably with the bottom of the membrane to automatically provide a predetermined final sample volume precise to within two microliters. The rod includes a member, detachably coupled with and extending into the cllection chamber for providing the collection chamber with a predetermined volume.

Abstract: The present mass transfer apparatus between two media is especially adapted to blood dialysis. To assure an undisturbed flow of the blood through the dialyser and to avoid coagulation all flow channels are shaped to avoid dead corners and choking zones so that the blood is prevented from forming wakes or so-called "dead waters" in its flow path. For this purpose a hollow space is formed adjacent to the open ends of the hollow fibers. The inlet and/or outlet to this hollow space may extend radially axially or tangentially.

Abstract: A dialyser with a housing includes a pair of inflow and outflow pipes for ood and dialysis solution, and a tubular ring body formed from a plurality of hollow filaments joined to one another at their ends and positioned in the housing such that one pair of the pipes is in communicating relationship with open ends of the hollow filaments and the other pair of the pipes communicates with the interstices between adjacent filament forming said tubular ring body. The invention also provides a dialyser cartridge and a method of manufacturing such cartridge.

Abstract: An oily water separator method and means using a suction pump to withdraw oil and water from a ship's bilge or sump. To decrease emulsification of the mixture, the pump is positioned downstream of an initial filter and the separator. The pump draws the oil-water mixture by suction through a particulate filter and then into a separator. Fluid flow is slowed by the specially configured baffled separator to allow the majority of the inter-mixed oil to separate from the water by gravity before reaching the pump. The suction pump draws the water from the lower portion of the separator housing and pumps the now almost oil-free water through two additional filter stages. Means are included for reversing the pump direction to force accumulated oil floating on water from the separator housing to a holding tank.

Abstract: A two-piece body high pressure membrane test cell is disclosed with a tangential feed into the interior pressure chamber in which a central distributor element is mounted with the lower frusto-conical end thereof at a critical spacing above a filter membrane. The membrane is supported on an annular land of a filter support disc which has a peripheral edge zone compressed in a sealed fit between the lower and upper pieces of the cell body. The edge zone is machined to a precise thickness to provide a reproducible and accurate spacing between the filter membrane that rests on the support and the lower end of the distributor.

Abstract: An adjustable universal float for use with a liquid or fluid where a liquid is placed within the float as ballast so that the float can be adjusted to a particular specific gravity of the liquid, said float carrying a valve assembly for controlling the discharge of one or more liquids as desired from a filter housing. A deflector plate is positioned near the inlet chamber of the filter housing to direct the incoming liquid toward the inside wall of the filter housing and away from the filter element.

Abstract: A pressure filtration apparatus including an upper portion with an inflow channel and a discharge channel for the concentrate and a lower portion with a filter support and a discharge channel for the filtrate, the upper and lower portions being releaseably connectable with one another while forming a pressure space. The apparatus contains a distributor plate whose underside is disposed parallel to the upper side of the filter and snugly above the latter while forming an intervening space, and in the center of which is an opening for the concentrate discharge channel. The outer edge of the distributor plate forms a small annular opening which extends all around closely against a basically vertically interior of the pressure space. The top side of the distributor plate has a peripherally raised outer edge which while forming a narrow annular clearance extends to close up against a downwardly pointing horizontal interior wall of the upper portion.

Abstract: In a hollow-fiber permeability apparatus, a permeating region of a housing contains a bundle of hollow fibers, and materials can selectively permeate through the membranes formed by the permeable walls of the hollow fibers, between a first fluid flowing along the exteriors of the hollow fibers, and another fluid flowing the interiors of the hollow fibers.

Abstract: A hollow-fiber permeability apparatus includes:A housing; a bundle of permeable-wall hollow fibers diposed in the housing; inlet means for supplying a first fluid into the spaces between the fibers; outlet means for withdrawing the first fluid from the housing, the first fluid being led through at least one of the inlet and outlet means in a lamelliform flow toward the bundle, whereby the first fluid can uniformly flow through the whole bundle; and means for flowing a second fluid inside the fibers such that materials selectively permeate through the walls of the fibers.

Abstract: A haemodialyzer for use in a haemodialysis equipment of partial recirculation type, in which a vast plurality of semi-permeable hollow fibers formed in a bundle are diagonally disposed in a housing with surplus in length so that the ends of the bundle may direct oppositely downward and upward, respectively, and a dialyzate intake and exit are provided in such positions that flow of the dialyzate may effectively traverse the bundle of hollow fibers. With this haemodialyzer, the bundle of the hollow fibers can be sufficiently expanded to spacingly spread the hollow fibers in the housing to attain good contact with the dialyzate and enhance the haemodialysis efficiency, and the priming and blood recovery operations are much facilitated.

Abstract: A filter for liquids and particularly coffee comprises a container having a planar horizontal base formed with at least one filtrate drainage opening, and on its inner face formed with a plurality of radial ribs and a central support member which together support a generally planar filter element of thin sheet material in spaced parallel relationship to the base. In use the arrangement produces a toroidal circulation of liquid which prevents compaction of the filter cake and reduces clogging of the filter element.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for dewatering rubber crumb in which a slurry of rubber crumb and fines overflowed from a feed tank onto a curved screen for dewatering is subjected to a change in direction away from the screen by a fixed baffle in the feed path upstream of the screen and is then redirected by a second, adjustable baffle onto the screen with the second, adjustable baffle also determining the spacing between the screen and the second baffle and thereby restricting flow from the curved screen onto a coated chute which delivers partially dewatered rubber crumb from the apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing impurities from lubricating oil comprising a container having a filter positioned in the lower end thereof with an evaporator plate positioned above the filter. The lubricating oil enters the container through an inlet opening formed in the lower end thereof with the oil being passed upwardly through the filter. The oil is dispersed or redistributed at the lower end of the evaporator plate so that the oil is moved to the center thereof and moved upwardly through a central opening. The evaporator plate has a plurality of annular concentric tiers provided on its upper end so that the oil passing through the upper end of the central opening in the evaporator plate flows downwardly and outwardly over the concentric tiers. A ring-shaped heating element is positioned in the container and extends around the upper end of the evaporator plate at the periphery thereof for heating the oil passing downwardly over the concentric tiers.

Abstract: Screening apparatus provides improved dewatering of liquid slurries by flowing the slurry across a generally parabolically shaped perforate screening surface inclined at an angle to the horizontal. The angularity of the generally parabolically shaped screening surface is adjustable at any time or at any point in the screening process. The preferred embodiment of screen assembly, which incorporates multiple bars extending generally transversely of the flow direction of the slurry, is fabricated by a method which facilitates the provision of screening slots of different widths in different areas of the screening surface.

Abstract: A mass transfer device consists of a stack of alternating plates and membranes in which each plate includes on each surface two manifolds for distributing and collecting fluid transversely of the plate. Headers interconnect the stack with the plate manifold fluid inlets and outlets to distribute and collect fluid uniformly to and from each plate. Inlet and outlet manifold channels of each plate surface are connected by channels formed in the central portion of the plate. Mass transfer occurs across the membrane supported between adjacent plates with a first fluid on one side and a second fluid on the other side. Substantially uniform inter- and intra- plate fluid distribution and thin fluid films enhance mass transfer. The device, with slight alterations appropriate to the application, is useful for dialysis, hemodialysis, blood oxygenation, reverse osmosis, heat exchange, or gas scrubbing.

Abstract: Screening apparatus that provides improved dewatering of liquid slurries includes a plurality of spaced, ridge-shaped flow disruption elements secured to the vertical side walls of the screening apparatus and a plurality of deflector elements disposed along the back convex surface of the screen extending across substantially the entire width of the screen parallel to and in engagement with bar-shaped members forming the screen. The flow disruption elements cause the thick slurry which otherwise sluices along the side guide surfaces of the screening device without being completely subjected to the screen action to be directed or diverted inwardly towards the active surface of the screen.

Abstract: A filter for polymer melts and solutions comprises a casing having an inlet opening and an outlet opening. The casing accommodates a hollow mandrel supporting filter elements which are axially unmovable due to the provision of clamping flanges. Each element consists of a spacer plate located between filtering baffles, a sleeve having through radial passages communicating the inner space of the filter element with the inner space of the mandrel, the sleeve being mounted between the filtering baffles on the periphery of the mandrel, and a seal located between the filtering baffles on the periphery of the spacer plate. In addition, the casing accommodates auxiliary seals provided between the filter elements on the periphery of the mandrel and a spacer device arranged between the filter elements. The spacer device comprises auxiliary spacer plates each corresponding to the filtering surface of the filtering baffle. The filter is also provided with a washing device.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for treatment of a fluid by use of a membrane tube wherein a volume displacement rod is positioned longitudinally through the membrane tube to provide desired filtration conditions for removal of a permeate from the fluid, and an improved support arrangement for the rod is provided that eliminates the use of a spider or similar support structure that constitutes a fluid flow obstruction. In the disclosed embodiment, the remote ends of the rod are seated in sockets located in bends in the walls of the inlet and outlet conduits associated with the membrane tube.

Abstract: A static screen separator compact in both a vertical and a horizontal sense, including an inclined screen structure and a facing feed or head box from which a liquid-solids mixture overflows onto the screen. The head box is located to the front or flow face of the screen and nests therewith, substantially within the vertical and horizontal limits thereof. The head box embodies means defining an overflow lip which guides the slurry form of the liquid-solids mixture onto the flow face of the screen structure, which lip is flexible as to its contour both in the sense of flow and in a sense transversely thereof. The arrangement assures a smooth transition of the slurry from the head box to the screen flow surface irrespective of the nature or character of the contained solids.

Abstract: A hollow-fiber permeability apparatus comprises a housing having a permeating region, a bundle of permeable-wall hollow fibres in the permeating region, an inlet tube for supplying a first fluid into the spaces between the fibres, an outlet tube for withdrawing the first fluid, a portion of the housing being of enlarged cross-section relative to said bundle to define a space between the bundle and a wall of the housing into which at least part of the first fluid can pass, and means for passing a second fluid through the fibres such that materials selectively permeate through the walls of the fibres.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dirt filter for water pipes of the type used for carrying water for household and industrial use. The filter defines inlet and outlet chambers with an apertured dividing wall therebetween. An upper lid and a lower dirt collecting container and attached with threaded connections to the housing. A filter insert is disposed between the lid and the dividing wall and the insert has a carrier with upper and lower cylinder rings which respectively engage the lid and the chamber dividing wall. The interior of the filter has fluid communication with the inlet chamber through the opening in the chamber dividing wall. An annular, cup shaped insert keeps the flow in the inlet chamber away from the interior of the dirt collecting container but permits the drop of dirt into this container.

Abstract: A continuous screening or filtering machine has a porous conveyor supported on a perforated support surface for separating a mixture of a solid material and a liquid into its constituents by permitting the liquid to pass through the conveyor and support member.

Abstract: A dialysis unit and a dialysis apparatus employing the dialysis unit which can perform dialysis at a very high efficiency. The unit comprises a vast plurality of semi-permeable hollow fibers substantially equal in length, which fibers are gathered to form a bundle and bonded in liquid-tight connection at both ends portions thereof. This bundle of hollow fibers is loosely encased in a casing having a plurality of openings substantially uniformly distributed all over the casing. The dialysis unit is put in a dialyzate bath having therein a means for making a forced current of the dialyzate. The dialyzate flows into the casing through the openings and acts upon the bundle of hollow fibers from all directions. Accordingly, the dialyzate can flow freely inside and outside the bundle, while maintaining good contact between the dialyzate and the surfaces of the fibers, even in the inner portion of the bundle.

Abstract: A filter comprises an inner rigid metal tube connectable at its opposite ends to the fluid pipe line, and a spaced outer plastic housing enclosing the inner rigid tube. The latter is formed with two groups of holes through its wall, and with a deflector between the groups of holes for deflecting the fluid to flow through one group of holes, the space between the inner tube and the other housing, and the second group of holes. A filter body is disposed in the space between the outer plastic housing and the inner rigid tube.Two embodiments of the invention are described, one being an in-line construction wherein the filter body is coaxial to the inner rigid tube, and the other being an off-line construction wherein the filter body is at right angles to the inner tube.

Abstract: An erosion-resistant sand screen assembly is described for use in petroleum wells of the type in which sand tends to become entrained in the stream of petroleum entering the wellbore. The assembly is especially useful in cased holes in formations which consist of very find sand, such as have been encountered in the Gulf Coast region of the United States and off the east coast of Trinidad. The assembly uses a sleeve with an erosion-resistant wall at least one-fourth inch thick, positioned around the outside layer of wire screen. Preferably, the assembly has an outer surface of a resilient elastomeric material.

Abstract: A disposable filter unit which comprises a self-gasketing, self-supporting, bonded, glass-fiber filter tube sealed in a housing with two similar plastic molded end units, with one peripheral edge of the tube compressed against the interior face surface of one end unit, and the other peripheral edge against a solid surface disc element within the housing.

Abstract: A baffle for use in sewage or water settling tanks and the like which helps in establishing a substantially uniform flow of liquid down the tank across its entire vertical cross sectional area by dissipating as much of the energy of the incoming fluid stream as possible before allowing the fluid to flow down the settling tank. The energy of the stream is dissipated in part by deflectors which are arranged to direct the flow of liquid into and around a dead space prior to discharge into the settling tank.

Abstract: A capillary mass transfer device suitable for use as an artificial kidney or an artificial lung and includes a plurality of capillary tubes through which blood or other liquid to be treated may flow. The capillary tubes are carried by perforated supports which define passages in which the capillary tubes are disposed and through which a second fluid (dialysate) flows. The tubes are arranged in sets which are readily positioned within a split housing in a manner wherein the transfer device may be quickly and economically assembled.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a method of distributing sludge to be filtered, to the filter surface of an endless-belt filter, so as to maintain a uniform solids content of said sludge. The incoming sludge is in this connection charged to a sludge receiving means in which the sludge is divided into two part-flows such that one of said part-flows contains a higher percentage of solids than the other, whereafter the two part-flows are united and the resultant flow discharged to said filter surface.

Abstract: A self-cleaning filter includes a housing having a compressible filter element and a compression spring for applying spring pressure to the filter element. Unfiltered fluid, at line pressure, is forced upwardly through the filter element. Spring tension is overcome by line pressure during normal filtering operations to compress the spring and allow the filter element to maintain a relatively uncompressed condition during filtering. The spring tension is sufficient to automatically compress the filter element when line pressure is shut off to squeeze the filter element and flush out filtered particles from the filter element into a chamber below it. Separate agitators in the chamber rapidly spin and move in a random pattern throughout the chamber to keep the walls of the chamber clean from filtered particles during filtering operations. The chamber may have an automatic drain valve which automatically opens when line pressure is shut off to discharge filtered particles from the housing.

Abstract: A header unit designed for use in a blood dialysis device, providing laminar flow conditions with no regions or stagnation or turbulence which could cause blood hemolysis. The specification discloses a diffuser adapted to provide uniform and nontraumatic diversion and diffusion of blood from a blood supply tube having a given cross-section area to a treatment face of a dialysis device in which said treatment face is of larger surface area than said supply tube. The diffuser comprises a first diffuser section of pipe continuous with the supply tube, flow turning vanes, and a second diffuser section leading to the liquid treatment face.

Abstract: The water and oil that is normally collected in the bilge of small boats is pumped overboard by a bilge pump with the oil being removed from the bilge water by a filter having layers of different size expanded resin particles that are hydrophobic and oleophilic. When operation of the bilge pump ceases, a valve will release the back pressure that would otherwise be caused by the filter, to facilitate start-up of the pump. At the discharge and visible on the exterior of the boat, there is an indicator that will change color when it is in contact with oil, to provide a visual indication when the filter needs changing.

Abstract: A filter which includes a container-shaped housing having a top wall with multiple openings therein. A filter element is fitted into each housing top wall opening. A cover having an offset portion spans the housing top wall with the offset portion thereof being located spacedly above each of the filter elements. The filter housing includes a liquid outlet. A liquid inlet is provided which directs liquid into the space under the offset portion of the cover. The liquid then passes downwardly through the filter elements, into the interior of the housing, and out the liquid outlet in the housing.

Abstract: A wash liquid distributor for a rotary drum filter which distributes liquid uniformly across the filter cake and provides very effective washing. The distributor apparatus in its preferred embodiment comprises an elongated hollow pipe, one or more being used in parallel operation, each pipe having a multiplicity of evenly spaced and axially aligned small holes. Each hole imposes a substantial pressure drop on the fluid passing therethrough and creates a uniform distribution of the wash liquid along the distributor pipe. To avoid damage to the filter cake from the jets of liquid produced, a diffusion channel is provided which damps the kinetic energy of the jets and subdivides the liquid entering the channel. Upon leaving the diffusion channel the liquid is collected and redistributed from drip points spaced at intervals which are generally narrower than those of the holes in the distributor pipe.

Abstract: A wash filter for tapping and filtering a portion of fluid in a moving stream has a plug mounted coaxially in a conduit receiving the stream. The plug includes a bullet-shaped nose similar to that in a conventional wash filter for accelerating the fluid through an annular passageway adjacent the conduit wall, and a porous frusto-conical screen or mesh body portion downstream of the nose and through which a portion of the accelerated fluid is tapped and filtered. Suspended particles in the fluid are driven toward the conduit wall by the plug nose while an inwardly located portion of the accelerated fluid passes inwardly through the porous screen and then through a base of the plug into a separate outlet line arranged coaxially of the conduit.

Abstract: This invention is a fuel filter for use in a fuel line to remove particles from fuels that are subject to freezing under certain operating conditions. The fuel filter has a screen slideably carried on a piston located in an elongated housing. Fuel enters one end of the housing, strikes the piston and flows outwardly through the screen, around the piston, through holes in a spacer and out the other end of the housing. Upon freezing in the screen the fuel or water particles suspended therein, the pressure of the fuel will move the screen and piston along the axis of the housing to open a bypass around the screen. When the frozen particles melt or fuel pressure is removed, a spring returns the piston and screen to their normal position. Solid particles previously removed from the fuel before freezing remain trapped in the screen.