Abstract: A porous ceramics material produced by the process comprising the steps of (i) mixing two or more ceramics in such a manner that at least one of the ceramics is different in sinterability from the others and is mixed in an amount of from 1 to 99 wt % based on the total amount of the ceramics; and (ii) sintering thus obtained mixture; a packing for chromatography comprising the porous ceramics material; and a process for producing the porous ceramics material.

Abstract: A method of forming a composite material by providing a quantity of first particles of a binder material and a quantity of second particles of a primary material having softening temperature substantially in excess of the softening temperature of the binder material. The first and second quantities of particles are combined into a substantially uniform mixture. The uniform mixture is heated in the absence of pressure or shear sufficient to convert the binder particles, to a temperature substantially above the softening point of the binder material but less than the softening temperature of the primary material. Thereafter, pressure and shear are applied to the heated mixture sufficient substantially immediately to convert at least a portion of the binder material particles into a substantially continuous webbing structure or force the formation of point-bonds.

Abstract: A shower dechlorinator is fabricated in the form of a short cylindrical filter housing. A first end cap is provided on one end of the housing, and this end cap is threaded onto the outlet pipe for a shower. A second end cap seals the other end of the housing and is adapted to be attached to a shower head. The filter housing is filled with granulated or randomly oriented fibrous material which chemically interacts with chlorine in the water passing through the unit. Typical filter material is in the form of a copper/zinc metal alloy.

Abstract: A portable water filtering apparatus having a lid secureable to conventional plastic drinking cups, with a filtering element disposed with the lid. The apparatus includes inlet and outlet spouts, and may also include a drinking cup secured thereto, so that contaminated water is filtered once upon being poured through the inlet means into the cup, and filtered a second time upon being poured out of the cup through the outlet. The filtering element includes four layers of filtering material for removing particulate matter, bacteria, and unpleasant odor and taste from contaminated water.

Abstract: The invention concerns a filter construction in particular for suction driers. The filter construction comprises a first filter material layer (1) of a ceramic material, which is the first layer in relation to the flowing liquid, and a second filter material layer (2) of a ceramic material, connected with said first layer. The first filter material layer (1) acts as the filtering layer proper, and the second filter material layer (2) acts as a layer that supports the construction. The invention also concerns a method for the formation of the filter construction.

Abstract: Novel calcium dialuminate/hexaluminate ceramic structures in the form of blends, laminates and composites, and processes for making these structures are disclosed. The ceramics of the invention exhibit relatively lower levels of thermal expansion, high strengths, and good thermal shock resistance over wide temperature ranges.

Abstract: A method of filtering hot cooking oil including passing the oil through a screen to remove particulate matter and then pumping the oil under a relatively low positive pressure through a filter pad of uniform thickness and porosity composed in part of fibrous material and possibly other elements such as activated carbon and silica bound by a resin binder. Equipment for filtering cooking oil including a reservoir for storing strained oil, pump means for drawing oil from the reservoir and passing it under relatively low pressure through a filter pad of uniform thickness and porosity composed at least of fibrous material and possibly other elements such as activated carbon and silica bound by a resin binder and sealed in the base of a pressure chamber.

Abstract: A heated fuel filter and water separator is disclosed. The assembly has a filter element mounted inside a fuel container. The fuel container has an upper chamber containing a filter element and a drainable lower chamber for collecting water and sediment. A heat exchanger circulates preheated fuel from a manifold return line to heat the filtered fuel in the container. The filter element utilizes helically wound aluminum strips as the filter media.

Abstract: A method of heterogeneous reaction is described, comprising reacting a water-soluble component and an oil-soluble component dispersed in the water-soluble component or an aqueous medium containing the same. This dispersion is attained by passing the oil-soluble component through the micropores of a hydrophilic material as it is introduced into the aqueous medium. This hydrophilic material can be shaped into a desired form such as a membrane and a fabric. The flow rate, reaction rate and conversion are easy to control in the present method since the particle size of the oil-soluble component can be appropriately controlled. Furthermore, the present method does not need any stirring power nor an emulsification operation, and thus is advantageous from an economic standpoint.

Abstract: The prefilter assembly is provided with a central cavity in which a plurality of tubular porous tubular elements are provided with the remaining space being filled by a mass of shattered metal particles. During filtration, the shattered metal particles eliminate dead space within the filter while also filtering out micro gels which may be in the polymeric material. The shattered metal particles also reduce the possibility of gel formation due to cross-linking of the polymer mass therethrough.

Abstract: Disposable filter element, adapted for use in a high-pressure filter housing, has a plurality of layers of flexible filtering material, some layers being formed with openings through which a portion of the fluid can flow without being filtered, and at least one downstream layer of the filtering material being free from such openings. When all of the layers of filtering material have the same pore size, the total area of the openings in each layer is larger than that of the openings of any downstream layer. Each opening-containing layer of the filtering material removes part of the contaminant in the fluid. Interposed between adjacent opening-containing filtering layers is a layer of flexible transport material, and there is a layer of flexible prefiltering material positioned upstream of said filtering layers.

Abstract: A process for the separation of radioisotopes and stable isotopes and other deleterious materials from radioactive waste and other liquids, wherein the waste stream is passed through a filter/demineralizer septum screen pre-coated with a mixture of finely-divided zeolitic material and finely-divided ion-exchange resin material.

Abstract: A five component mixed media for a single chamber water conditioner wherein bacteria-reduction, softening and ionic removal of organics and inorganics takes place. The mixed media is found rechargeable with a periodic flushing of the container.

Abstract: A stream of contaminated liquid flows into a vessel, through a filter media comprised of at least 50% pecan hulls, while clean liquid exits the vessel, leaving the contaminants deposited on the filter media. The deposited contaminants are scrubbed from the media by circulating the media along a toroidal flow path within the vessel until the contaminants have been transferred from the media into the liquid. The scrubbing action is achieved by a pump suction which is spaced from a pump discharge. The pump discharges through a perforated nozzle. The nozzle extends through a housing. An annulus is formed between the nozzle and the housing. Dirty scrub water flows from the pump, through the nozzle perforations, into the annulus, and away from the vessel, while at the same time the toroidal flow path is maintained.

Abstract: There is provided a device for converting water into mineral water which comprises a covered or uncovered porous filter and ceramic as a calcium and magnesium source and active carbon as a deodorizer randomly held in the filter whereby when water flows through the filter the water is converted into mineral water.

Abstract: A filter device for removing contaminants from liquid flowing therethrough comprising a vessel having an inlet for providing a contaminated liquid flow into the interior thereof and an outlet through which filtered liquid can exit the vessel. A screen means contained within the vessel supports a filter media thereon. A pump has a suction and discharge located within the vessel and respective to the screen whereby the filter media can be fluidized and thereby cleaned without removing the media from the vessel. The scrubbing action transfers the contaminants from the filter media into the scrub water and thereby enables the contaminants to be removed from the vessel by discharging the scrub water therefrom.

Abstract: This invention relates to products obtained from sugar mill boiler ash, methods of using such products as a filtration material, and/or adsorbent material and methods of manufacturing such products. More specifically, this invention relates to filtration materials, with either a low or relatively high activated carbon content derived from the combustion of sugar cane residues whose characteristics and properties can be preselected and controlled to provide predetermined performance characteristics, and methods of obtaining such products through processing techniques which control the properties of such products. The invention also provides adsorbent materials of very high carbon content useful for applications other than a filter medium.

Abstract: An apparatus for effecting filtration, clarification and purification of liquid which comprises a housing containing a filter element made up of a plurality of layers of adsorbent material, comprising a porous, non-woven fibrous matrix in which is included an adsorbing agent for removing dissolved or suspended matter from the liquid, and a plurality of layers of liquid-permeable material. The layers of adsorbent material and liquid-permeable material are interdigitated in a stack between liquid impervious walls, and the flow of liquid through the filter element is along path generally parallel to the confronting surfaces of the layers of adsorbent material and liquid-permeable material. A process for removing dissolved, suspended or particulate matter from a liquid containing same, utilizing the filter apparatus, is also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a novel locomotive oil filter for use in locomotive applications. The filter is comprised of a pulp which is comprised of lignin-containing fibers derived from a fiber source having a lignin content of at least about 10% by thermomechanically pulping a fiber source under temperature/pressure conditions of 300.degree. F.-350.degree. F./50 psig-120 psig and a refiner energy utilization of about 8-35 HPD/ADT. The locomotive oil filter comprising the pulp of such lignin-containing fibers overcomes the severe problems of filter swelling and plugging due to water in the locomotive oil, while also providing one with improved filtration capacity and good filtration. The use of such lignin-containing fiber pulp also gives one the economic advantage of substitution for the more expensive cotton linter generally used heretofore in railroad/locomotive lube oil filters. The pulp of lignin-containing fibers can be used in combination with other suitable pulps, e.g.

Abstract: A deep bed filter of the type comprising an upright vessel of particulate filter medium, inlet means at the top of the vessel for introduction of an aqueous stream to be filtered, outlet means at the bottom for removal of filtered liquid and means for backwashing the medium by an upward flow of liquid, has as the filter medium bone char and sand, the bone char being located substantially above the sand. The sand generally comprises a particulate mineral filter material selected from silica sand, fused alumina, garnet, zircon, ilmenite and glass.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of purifying water for fish-breeding, according to which the water is optionally subjected to sedimentation, is subjected to sand filtration and to oxygenization, and to which the water also is subjected to a treatment with an ion exchanger mixture consisting of 40 to 70 percent clinoptilolite, 30 to 15 percent anion exchanger and 30 to 15 percent cation exchanger, the two latter being of cellulose type. The invention relates furthermore to the ion exchanger mixture mentioned.

Abstract: A filter for alternate use in filtering methanol-gasoline and ethanol-gasoline blends and sensing phase separation in either blend. The filter includes a composite filter media including a mechanical filter, a methanol sensing material and an ethanol sensing material. Both of the sensing materials are responsive to unduly high levels of the material being sensed in a corresponding blend and swelling to a substantially increased volume. The same are contained in a flow path such as to substantially block the flow path upon swelling of either or both of the sensing materials to thereby provide an indication of phase separation.

Abstract: In the extraction of coal the liquid coal extract is filtered using a filter aid produced by washing the filter cake with a low viscosity, high boiling point, low vapor pressure ester and then calcining the cake to remove the wash solvent and other combustible constituents from the cake.

Abstract: An improved rigid filter plate for sludge dewatering is comprised of a filter element of two or more sizes within the range of 0.2 to 0.002 inch of irregular hard particles of aluminum oxide or similar materials, and of a supporting element of larger particles all bonded with an adhesive bonding agent. A process for manufacturing the improved rigid filter plate is also set forth.

Abstract: A filter means for filtering fluid comprises a first filter section and a second filter section. The filter means is formed by using a folded sheet material having a trapezoid or a sector form. The second filter section of the filter means has a filtering performance different from that of the first filter section of the filter means.

Abstract: Sintered bauxite particles having defined physical and chemical properties are disclosed as being surprisingly eminently suitable as filtration media for molten polymer, such as polyester polymer. Broadly, the particles have a roundness of at least 0.8, and an API standard mesh size of at least 12; in addition, such particles inherently contain significant amounts of ferric oxide. It is preferred that the sintered bauxite particles (i) be microcrystalline, and therefore sintered under critical conditions; (ii) exhibit high crush strength; (iii) be compaction and fracture resistant up to pressures of 6000 psi by defined permeability tests; and (iv) have an API standard mesh size not greater than 70. Also, the sintered particles may have a microporous internal structure and surface.Also disclosed is an improved annular melt-spinning pack, including a bed of sintered bauxite particles, and means for preventing the bed of free-flowing particles from being deformed during use of the pack.

Abstract: A new, economical system for removal of persistent reducible organic compounds from aqueous streams by passing the stream, preferably at or near neutral pH, into a bottom inlet to a column to provide fluidization of metal reductant catalyzed to provide efficient and economical reduction or dechlorination of a variety of pesticides and other compounds such as PCB or chloroform. The system is especially useful to reduce the level of soluble, reducible hydrocarbons in very dilute waste streams (1 ppm or less) generally by 99% or more.

Abstract: An improved rigid filter plate for sludge dewatering is comprised of a filter element of two or more sizes within the range of 8 to 100 grid of jagged, irregular hard particles of aluminum oxide or similar materials, and of a supporting element of larger particles all bonded with an adhesive bonding agent. The particles in the filtering element increase in average diameter progressing from the upper surface to the lower surface of the element. A process for manufacturing the improved rigid filter plate is also set forth.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the separation of mixtures of liquids insoluble in each other, e.g., water and oil, where the mixture of liquids is brought into contact, from one side, with a fabric allowing only one of the liquids to pass so that the liquids can be collected separately.

Abstract: A method is provided which comprises, adding to the liquid a filtering aid effective amount of a filter aid material consisting essentially of particulate expanded polymer formed by comminuting polymeric foam to eliminate substantially all closed cells of said foam and grading to a desired average particle size range smaller than 100 mesh and larger than about 700 mesh, and filtering the resulting liquid mixture through a filter medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is (a) a filtration method using (i) micro-bits produced from an expanded thermoplastic polymer non-brittle in expanded form and selected from a styrene-polymer and a polyolefin from polyethylene to poly-methylpentene or (ii) mixtures of these micro-bits and inorganic filter aids as diatomaceous earth and perlite, and (b) these filter aid mixtures. These micro-bits and mixtures are useful filter aids in several different ways. One is to prepare a slurry of them in a liquid medium and feed this slurry to a filter element (as fabric filter cloth or wire filter cloth or ceramic filter) to provide on that element's feed side a precoat of the filter aid and liquid leaves as filtrate from its filtrate side.In another way these micro-bits and mixtures are used by being admixed into the liquid (inert to them) containing finely divided material suspended or dispersed in the liquid and to be removed.

Abstract: A cartridge housing (12) having a liquid inlet (14) at one end and an outlet (16) at the opposite end carries in an intermediate volume a spiral rolled exchange mass (18) of flexible, resilient, fibrous material forming a matrix that is self-supporting and non-reactive with the type of solutions with which the cartridge is intended to be used. Within the exchange mass is carried a dispersed array of finely divided particles of replacement metal (19), adhesively attached to the fibers. At each end of the cartridge adjacent to the inlet and outlet is a cavity (20) communicating with a spiral end (38) of the exchange mass, and the inlet cavity (20) houses an inlet nipple (26) that has a discharge opening (30) facing generally away from the spiral end face (38) of the mass. As flow through the mass produces precipitated precious metal, the mass is able to flex and thereby avoid clogging. Fiberglass is the preferred material for the exchange matrix.

Abstract: A filter media sheet comprising fine particulate and a self-bonding matrix of cellulose fiber, the surfaces of at least one of which are modified with cationic colloidal silica.

Abstract: A high efficiency domestic furnace incorporates means for separating and neutralizing flue gas condensate. Acidic condensate from the flue gas products of combustion is neutralized by contact with neutralizing material in a housing through which the condensate is flowed. The use of the neutralizer in connection with a high efficiency domestic furnace permits discharge of the condensate directly to the household drain. The neutralizer is arranged to be self-flushing and defines a serpentine, series flow path and is arranged to discharge the neutralized condensate as a result of the entry of additional acidic condensate at its inlet.

Abstract: A filter medium for fluid, which is a sintered body in which alumina refractory is 100 parts by weight, more than 95% by weight of said refractory being pelletized spheroids of less than 1.0 mm in particle size, while inorganic binder having particle size less than 40 microns is in the range 15-30 parts by weight and fluoride and/or oxide of lithium is in the range 0.1-1 part by weight, and in which filter medium the mean pore diameter is in the range 500-1 microns and the porosity is in the range from 15 to 40%.

Abstract: A filter element having a perforated tubular core and a plurality of layers of strand material wound about the tubular core. The outermost layer has the ability to retain particles smaller than those retained by the innermost layer. The size range of particles retained by the outermost layer is from one to twenty-five microns and the size range of particles retained by the innermost layer is from twenty-five to one hundred microns.According to the method of invention, the filter element is used to purify liquids through the steps of precoating, delivering liquid through the filter, periodically backwashing the filter, and precoating the filter again.

Abstract: A new, economical system for removal of persistant reducible organic compounds from aqueous streams by passing the stream, preferably at or near neutral pH, through a column containing a metal reductant catalyzed to provide efficient and economical reduction or dechlorination of a variety of pesticides and other compounds such as PCB or chloroform. The system is especially useful to reduce the level of soluble, reducible hydrocarbons in very dilute waste streams (1 ppm or less) generally by 99% or more.

Abstract: A filtering apparatus has a housing and a brush-like filter element in the housing. The filter element includes a support which is permeable to the liquid or gas to be filtered. A filtering medium is secured to the permeable support and is in the form of strands which may be formed from flexible natural fibers, synthetic resin fibers, glass fibers, graphite fibers or metal fibers. The strands are so arranged that they are pressed against the permeable support during a filtering operation. This causes the strands to form a mat on the permeable support. The liquid or gas must pass through the mat and is thereby filtered. A filtering method using the apparatus involves passing a liquid or gas through the filter element so that a mat for filtering the liquid or gas is formed by the strands, and the liquid or gas is purified after leaving the filter element.

Abstract: A filter for blood and the like including a housing defining an inlet for fluids to be filtered, and an outlet for filtered fluid, plus a stack of filter pads of thermoplastic fibers positioned within the housing. According to one aspect of this invention, the stack of pads is joined together at their periphery by a heat seal to form an integral filter unit, while, typically, the stack is joined to the housing at such periphery by a second seal. In another aspect of this invention, the fluid inlet is positioned adjacent a first pad of the stack and the fluid outlet is adjacent a last pad of the stack, the diameter of the fibers of the last pad being smaller than the diameter of the fibers of the first pad, typically with the fiber diameter of intermediate pads generally decreasing from pad to pad in the direction of the last pad.

Abstract: A filter element for filtering air, other gases and liquids comprises two permeable supporting shells arranged one within the other, and a filter medium filling the space between the shells. The filter medium is formed by a plurality of layers of different filter gauge. The finest filter layer is covered by a coarser filter layer at least on its side which is, in use, towards the inlet for the fluid to be filtered. Preferably the filter medium includes three layers, the middle layer of which is the finest filter consisting of binder-free microfiber fleece and the other two layers are similar coarser filters consisting of binder-free supporting fiber fleece.

Abstract: Apparatus for augmenting or facilitating flushing of impurities collected by a porous ferromagnetic matrix. The matrix is contained in a canister, through which an aqueous clay slurry is flowed as an applied field magnetizes the matrix to enable attraction of the discoloring magnetics. The periodic flushing of the matrix is rendered of increased efficacy, by applying auxiliary mechanical forces to dislodge the magnetics; or other disclosed means and methods may be used to facilitate the flushing operation.

Abstract: Improved, low-cost filter aid materials are made from polyurethane and related polymers. A foam of the polymeric material is comminuted to eliminate substantially all closed cells. The resulting particles are graded to a desired average particle size.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed which filters moisture and solid contaminants from liquids, and includes full flow and bypass apparatus.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention there is provided a water filter and water filter cartridge having an upper water filtering layer containing charcoal particles, a lower filtering layer having a submicron pore size and an intermediate filtering layer having a pore size greater than that of the lower layer but less than the particle size of the charcoal in the upper layer.

Abstract: Described are fluid processing devices primarily intended for filtration but which devices may also be used for dispensing or sparging liquids and gases into a body of fluid medium. According to the method of using the disclosed devices, fluid medium to be filtered is caused to flow over the active filtering surfaces of a filter medium, such as by rotating the filter element in the fluid medium, while the fluid medium is simultaneously caused to pass through the filter element. At predetermined intervals the fluid medium flow through the filter is reversed or backpulsed.Also disclosed are porous elements of laminated structure in propeller or disc configurations which may be coated with microporous active surfaces to permit filtration of extremely small sized particles from a fluid medium or dispensing of extremely small sized bubbles of gas or droplets of liquid into a body of fluid medium.

Abstract: An improved filter for medical infusion and injection equipment is manufactured by compacting stainless steel powder particles of an irregular or dendritic shape, in the substantial absence of a binder, to form a porous, self-supporting green article, and thereafter sintering the green article. The resulting filter is porous with the pores communicating with one another to form a network of tortuous or winding paths having lateral, oblique and vertical segments which function to trap contaminating particles of a solution passed therethrough. The porous filter is sealed in a tubular fitting by force-fitting the filter into the internal peripheral wall of an annular plastic bead in the fitting and heating the filter to cause the plastic bead to soften or melt and flow into the pores of the filter along a continuous peripheral ring.