Abstract: Disclosed are a device for strengthening anaerobic sludge digestion based on conical-coiled pipe coupling and an anaerobic sludge digestion method. The device comprises a feeder (A-3, B-3), a conical-coiled pipe coupling reactor (A-1, B-1) and a thermostat (A-4, B-4), wherein the bottom of the feeder (A-3, B-3) communicates with the top of the conical-coiled pipe coupling reactor (A-1, B-1), and the bottom of the feeder (A-3, B-3) is flush with the top of the thermostat (A-4, B-4); the conical-coiled pipe coupling reactor (A-1, B-1) is arranged in the thermostat (A-4, B-4); the whole coupling reactor (A-1, B-1) is in a regular cone shape or an inverted cone shape; and a main body of the coupling reactor (A-1, B-1) is a coiled pipe (A-2, B-2).

Abstract: Waste water is remanufactured with ozone in a series of mixing vessels. The ozone is dispersed to both a top and a bottom portion of each mixing vessel, but in different amounts. This creates an electrical potential difference across the height of each mixing vessel which significantly improves the oxidation of organic carbon-based impurities and eliminates H2S and bacteria. Sludge and solids floating to the top of each mixing vessels are removed, as well as sludge and solids settling to the bottom of the mixing vessels. When oil and gas well waste water is treated in this manner, the resulting treated water is purified and has a high salt content suitable for oil or gas well injection.

Abstract: A control system for controlling extraction of landfill gas from a landfill via a gas extraction system, the gas extraction system comprising well piping for coupling a plurality of wells to a gas output. The control system comprises a controller configured to: obtain a value indicating measured energy content of landfill gas collected at the gas output from the plurality of wells; determine whether the measured energy content is different from a target energy content; and in response to determining that the measured energy content is different from the target energy content: control a plurality of valves disposed in the well piping to change flow rates of landfill gas being extracted from at least some of the plurality of wells at least in part by changing degrees to which the plurality of valves are open.

Abstract: Devices for controlling to remove food waste digestion foam are provided. The device includes a digestion tank. The digestion tank includes two hermetically sealed boxes. Each of the two boxes is opened with a liquid inlet connected to an interior of each of the two boxes. A conveying mechanism is connected between the two boxes. The conveying mechanism conveys a gas in the two boxes in a reciprocal manner. The gas in the two boxes is conveyed in the reciprocal manner through the conveying mechanism to generate a pressure difference between the two boxes distributed left and right to remove the foam, which adopts physical defoaming without adding any reagent, is cost-effective and efficient, and does not affect an anaerobic reaction process due to addition of a chemical defoaming agent. The entire device has a simple structure and is easy to operate, and the process is controllable.

Abstract: A method of organic waste treatment includes treating an organic waste stream that contains solid waste particles suspended in a liquid to cause the solid waste particles to settle in a settling tank, separating contents of the tank into a separated liquid phase and a separated solid phase, and treating the separated solid phase with an oxidant to create a sterile odorless ash.

Abstract: Provided is a device for continuously manufacturing an organic substance with high productivity, in which a means is installed whereby a synthesis gas having a specific nutrient source concentration for microbes in a continuous fermenter is stored with good efficiency and the gas composition thereof is made uniform in a stage prior to supplying the synthesis gas to the fermenter including microbes, so that uniformity of the synthesis gas composition is ensured. A device for manufacturing an organic substance, provided with a gas generating unit for gasifying a carbon source and generating a starting material gas, a gas supply unit for supplying a synthesis gas including the starting material gas to a fermenter, and a fermenter for microbial fermentation of the synthesis gas in the fermenter, a gas circulation unit for making the gas composition uniform being further provided between the gas generating unit and the gas supply unit or to the gas supply unit.

Abstract: It is solved by the rod-shaped tubular cell structure maintaining support device for cultivating a tubular cell structure including a hollow portion inside for a predetermined period of time while maintaining the hollow portion, the tubular cell structure maintaining support device including an outer diameter insertable into the hollow portion of the cell structure, and when inserted into the hollow portion, capable of allowing the tubular cell structure maintaining support device to adhere to an inner surface of the cell structure, and a penetration conduit including openings at both ends of the tubular cell structure maintaining support device, and penetrating between the openings, wherein the tubular cell structure maintaining support device has an oxygen permeable structure from the penetration conduit to an outer surface of the tubular cell structure maintaining support device.

Abstract: Devices and techniques related to landfill gas extraction are disclosed. A technique for controlling extraction of landfill gas from a landfill through a gas extraction system is described. The method may include measuring a plurality of values indicating conditions associated with the landfill; computing, based at least in part on the plurality of values and on a model of the landfill, a predicted future state of the landfill; determining, based at least in part on the predicted future state of the landfill, one or more control parameters for one or more respective control devices configured to control operation of the gas extraction system; applying the one or more control parameters to the one or more respective control, and with the one or more control devices, controlling extraction of the landfill gas from the landfill based, at least in part, on the one or more respective control parameters.

Abstract: A system and method for producing biogas (methane) from a mixture of poultry manure and methanogens through an anerobic digestion process which makes use of jute filters within the chamber to absorb excess ammonium nitrogen from the mixture of poultry manure.

Abstract: A method comprises: removing most suspending solid pollutants after a primary treatment for the sewage which is then placed into a secondary biochemical treatment section; mixing the magnetic sludge carbon carrier and a solvent to prepare a mixed solution which is then placed into the secondary biochemical treatment section synchronously with the sewage; uniformly mixing the sewage, the magnetic sludge carbon carrier and the activated sludge in a biochemical treatment construction; performing a dreg-water separation in a sedimentation tank on the mixed solution flowing out of the secondary biochemical treatment section; and recycling magnetic particles with the magnetic separation apparatus.

Abstract: Culture systems and methods of using same. The systems include a housing defining an inner space. The inner space includes a headspace and at least a portion of a reservoir. A surface for immobilizing cells is moveable between the headspace and the reservoir. The systems can be used for coculturing methanotrophs and phototrophs for processing biogas and wastewater, particularly from anaerobic digesters.

Abstract: A system and method for producing biogas (methane) from a mixture of poultry manure and methanogens through an anerobic digestion process which makes use of jute filters within the chamber to absorb excess ammonium nitrogen from the mixture of poultry manure.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a device for kitchen waste digestion, including: a first treatment container, provided with a feed pipe and an exhaust pipe at a top, and internally configured with a plurality of pole plate pairs, the pole plate pairs including two pole plates, one of the pole plates being connected to a positive pole of a power source and another being connected to a negative pole of the power source, and a plurality of sieve holes being provided in each of the pole plates; and a second treatment container, a top of the second treatment container connecting to a bottom of the first treatment container, a middle part being configured with a plurality of filler layers spaced apart in a vertical direction, and a bottom being configured with an iron-carbon filler; and a filler in the filler layers including calcium peroxide and magnetite particles.

Abstract: Large sealed anaerobic digestor ponds with thin rubber membrane covers to absorb sunlight efficiently in selective sunlight absorption coating and low emissivity in infrared and transparent insulation layers. Flow of pond byproduct gas and heat transfer to circulate slurry liquid controlled by pressurization and weighting of gas collection cover membrane to provide sloped buoyant bubble gas flow gas collection channels in deformed membrane. Low gas pressure used between layers to increase heat transfer to digesting slurry when low wind and prevent wind lift-off with high winds. High gas pressure used between membrane layers to remove sloped collection channels, permit thickened foam over digesting slurry and reduce heat transfer at night. These large-scale solar heating digesting ponds can maintain sufficient digestion temperature to accelerate digestion, maximize gas production efficiency, and minimize greenhouse gas emissions.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment plant and related method comprise a treatment stage including a biological-process substage configured for growing unicellular organisms adapted to reduce contaminants in the wastewater which are dissolved, including at least one of organic matter and nitrogenous matter, by digestion thereof, and which are adapted to floc after digestion and a floc-removal substage downstream from the biological-process substage, relative to the flow of wastewater, and configured for substantially removing the unicellular organisms that have flocked. The treatment stage is configured to form majority and minority flows of treated wastewater, and the minority flow is configured to be recycled upstream of the biological-process treatment substage. The plant includes a heat transfer assembly configured for transferring heat from the majority flow of treated wastewater to the minority flow thereof to increase temperature of wastewater to be treated.

Abstract: There is a process for the production of a liquid fuel and of a gaseous fuel from biomass. The biomass is sent to a pre-treatment section to form a homogeneous phase that can be moved and/or pumped, wherein inert parts are separated from the biomass and the biomass shredded and/or ground to reduce its size. The homogeneous phase obtained is then subjected to subcritical hydrothermal liquefaction at a temperature between 240° C. and 310° C. to form a liquefied phase. The liquefied phase is separated. After separation, the process continues in two alternative and mutually exclusive modes. In the first mode, the first aqueous phase is subjected to an anaerobic reaction with multiple stages producing biogas; the oily phase is separated into a bio-oil and a solid residue. In the second mode, the separate mixed phase is separated by density or dynamics forming a first aqueous phase, bio-oil and a gaseous phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the separation of biomass in the anaerobic purification of wastewater and to a system for the separation of biomass in the anaerobic purification of wastewater.

Abstract: An assemblage appliance and method of recycling organic waste into biogas and liquid fertilizer, implementing essentially anaerobic digestion processes, is described. The assemblage appliance includes: a pliant structured exoskeletal envelope, pliable collapsible anaerobic digester and gas tank. A compact kit-of-parts for assembling the aforementioned appliance and respective method using the aforementioned appliance for recycling organic waste into biogas and liquid fertilizer are described.

Abstract: Processes and system are provided for digesting biosolids in a multistage digestion system. The processes and system are well suited for producing Class A biosolids and biogas containing a high content of methane. Methods and systems are also provided for recovery of phosphorus from wastewater and biosolids.

Abstract: A method for enhancing anaerobic digestion based on solid-liquid interface renewal in sludge is disclosed. The method includes subjecting sludge to a centrifugation, a thermal baking and a redissolution in softened water in sequence to renew a solid-liquid interface in sludge, and subjecting the sludge to an anaerobic digestion to increase methane production from organic matter in the sludge by anaerobic biotransformation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and system for phosphate recovery from a stream such as waste flow, sewage or another sludge stream. The method comprises the steps of: providing an incoming stream comprising an initial amount of phosphate; dosing/controlling iron salt to the stream such that precipitates are formed in the stream, wherein the precipitates comprise vivianite like structures comprising more than 60% of the initial amount of phosphate in the incoming stream, and preferably also the steps of: separating the vivianite like structures from the stream; and recovering the phosphates from the separated vivianite like structures.

Abstract: Waste water is remanufactured with ozone in a series of mixing vessels. The ozone is dispersed to both a top and a bottom portion of each mixing vessel, but in different amounts. This creates an electrical potential difference across the height of each mixing vessel which significantly improves the oxidation of organic carbon-based impurities and eliminates H2S and bacteria. Sludge and solids floating to the top of each mixing vessels are removed, as well as sludge and solids settling to the bottom of the mixing vessels. When oil and gas well waste water is treated in this manner, the resulting treated water is purified and has a high salt content suitable for oil or gas well injection.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of producing a soil remediant from liquid organic waste material in which the liquid organic waste material is concurrently pasteurised and digested by thermophilic aerobic digestion in the liquid phase in a single digester vessel. The organic waste material in the digester is maintained continuously at a temperature of at least 70° C. for at least an hour and the liquid organic waste material comprises at least 70% water and can be pumped. After a period of at least an hour a small amount of pasteurised organic waste material is removed and a corresponding amount of fresh organic waste material is added to the single digester vessel such that the temperature is maintained in a comfort zone of the thermophilic bacteria. In a preferred embodiment the thermophilic aerobic digestion is facilitated by micro-organisms including crenarchaeota. The liquid organic waste material can be combined with a microporous adsorbent.

Abstract: A method for remediating wastewater formed by water and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) using a wastewater treatment system that includes a collecting unit, a dewatering unit, a drying unit, and a baking unit. Wastewater provided to the collecting unit is dosed by adding a compound to the wastewater in an amount that is sufficient to cause the PFAS to separate from the water and to form a sludge. The sludge is dewatered with the dewatering from a first dryness level a second dryness level. The dewatered sludge is then dried in the drying unit from the first dryness level to a third dryness level. The dried sludge is then baked at a sufficiently high enough temperature that chemical bonds of at least a portion of the PFAS is destroyed.

Abstract: A method of removing nitrogen-bound nitrate from at least one of groundwater, surface water, or waste water is disclosed. The method includes providing contaminant-containing water from groundwater, surface water, and/or waste water sources. The method further includes adding the contaminant-containing water to an algal photobioreactor system. The method further includes adding an alga culture to the alga photobioreactor system. The method further includes adjusting temperature, CO2 concentration, pH, light wavelength, and/or light intensity in the algal photobioreactor system to optimize the growth of the algae. The method further includes separating the algae from the water and harvesting algal biomass.

Abstract: Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is an energy efficient and compact biological wastewater treatment process. There is only one commercially available AGS technology which utilizes sequencing batch reactors (SBR). Many existing wastewater treatment facilities consist of long, continuous flow reactors that would not be readily suitable for retrofit to SBR. Therefore, a continuous flow process is preferred for municipalities that cannot economically invest in the only commercially available SBR technology (i.e., Nere-da®). Lab- and pilot-scale experimentation has demonstrated that stable granulation can be achieved in a continuous flow configuration GT suitable for retrofit into existing infrastructure. An anoxic/anaerobic/aerobic configuration can be designed and stably operated for conversion of flocculent biomass to AGS Preliminary pilot-scale results on primary effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment facility indicated that granules of 0.2-0.

Abstract: Disclosed are a baffled integrated denitrifying and decarbonizing device with anaerobic bio-nests and a baffled integrated denitrifying and decarbonizing process with anaerobic bio-nests thereof. The wastewater with low carbon-nitrogen ratio first enters anaerobic chamber I, then enters anaerobic chamber II and chamber III to complete anaerobic decarbonization and denitrification. The chambers are provided with modified basalt fiber carrier media to enrich a large number of functional microorganisms, and improve the device in terms of anaerobic treatment efficiency. Fermentation liquid in chamber III then flows back to aerobic chamber IV to complete the nitrification process. Nitrified liquid enters chamber I and mixes with influent for further treatment, and effluent is finally discharged from chamber III. The clapboard and basalt fiber felt in chamber IV can retain and enrich autotrophic/heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria.

Abstract: A rotating biological contactor (RBC) is provided that includes a media wheel with a plurality of vanes configured for growth of algae thereon. The media wheel is configured for rotation by air directed from an air diffuser to impinge on the vanes such that when said media wheel is partly immersed in water rotation of the media wheel alternately exposes algae growing on the plurality of vanes to sunlight and to the water. A frame is connected to an axle of the media wheel. Only one of the media wheel and the frame is constructed with a buoyancy sufficient to support the media wheel partly immersed in water during rotation of the media wheel.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a bacterium-alga coupled sewage treatment device based on energy recycling and a use method thereof. The device comprises a pretreatment device, a photobioreactor, an alga separation apparatus, a continuous flow bioreactor and a secondary sedimentation tank which are sequentially connected in order, the pretreatment device being connected to a municipal sewage inlet pipe, the photobioreactor being connected to a carbon dioxide gas charging device through a gas filling pipeline, one part of a sludge thickening tank being connected to the secondary sedimentation tank, the other part thereof being connected to remaining sludge of the pretreatment device, carbon dioxide generated from the sludge which flows through the thickening tank and is thermally-hydrolyzed and anaerobically-acidified being connected to the photobioreactor through a gas inlet pipeline, and the alga separation apparatus being further connected to a filter press.

Abstract: A system and method for the production of microbial consortiums and by-product material is provided. A physical containment system comprising phase spaces arranged in a discrete order to favor specific biological reactions is also provided. Phase profiles and phase data sets include the pre-determined physical and biological parameters for the phase space transitions. Movement of material from one phase to the next is hydraulically balanced enabling working fluid to continuously move in a fixed direction and rate of flow. Continuous monitoring of phase profiles and phase data sets provide feedback to the system enabling alteration of the conditions in the system to control reactions therein.

Abstract: An anaerobic digestion system may include a material grinding/pulping portion, a hydrolysis portion arranged downstream of the grinding portion, a multiple chamber anaerobic reactor arranged downstream from the hydrolysis portion and including a gas collection and reintroduction system, a collection system for collecting digestate and gas from the anaerobic reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for the treatment of wastewater for biosolids reduction and biogas (i.e. methane) generation where a wastewater is provided to a first reactor which is operated under anaerobic conditions, a hydraulic/solids retention time of from 0.1 to 1 day, a temperature of from 30 to 70° C. and a pH of from 6.5 to 10, with the effluent of the first reactor passing to a second reactor which is operated under anaerobic conditions, a hydraulic/solids retention time of from 3 to 10 days and a temperature of from 30 to 70° C. The process may further comprise feeding an effluent produced from the second reactor to a third reactor operated under anaerobic conditions, a hydraulic/solids retention time of from 3 to 20 days and a temperature of from 30 to 70° C.

Abstract: A multi-stage system comprising a digester, a bioreactor, a scrubber, a biofilter, and a membrane filter extracts and purifies biogas from a wastewater feed. The digester separates raw biogas from wastewater, the wastewater is then purified with a three-stage bacterial process in a bioreactor. The scrubber receives raw biogas from the digester under pressure, dissolving waste gases and purifying the methane, which can be further condensed and purified in the membrane filter. The bioreactor receives waste gases from the scrubber and membrane filter, with the ammonia portion of the waste gases rising through water from the bioreactor and being converted by annamox bacteria into nitrogen gas. The multiply recycled gas and water feeds produce a biogas having high purity and reduced atmospheric emissions of waste gases.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for enhancing methanogenesis in anaerobic digestion of municipal sludge by utilizing a filter screen structure, comprising: arranging a filter screen structure with titanium or titanium alloy as the framework and Fe3O4 as the coating in the anaerobic digestion system to accelerate the rate of hydrolysis and acidification, and increase the proportion of methane in biogas.

Abstract: A method for treating an aqueous fluid containing a biodegradable organic substance in an installation that includes an upflow bioreactor containing a sludge bed, wherein the sludge bed includes biomass, an external separator, and a conditioning tank. The method includes treating the fluid in the conditioning tank; feeding the treated fluid into a lower part of the bioreactor and forming biogas; withdrawing the fluid from an upper part of the bioreactor, which withdrawn fluid includes biomass; feeding the aqueous fluid withdrawn from the upper part of the bioreactor into the external separator, wherein the aqueous fluid that includes the biomass is separated into a liquid phase and a fluid phase enriched in biomass; returning the fluid phase enriched in biomass from the external separator to the bioreactor; and returning a part of the liquid phase to the conditioning tank.

Abstract: The invention discloses a device for producing biogas with high methane content by utilizing livestock and poultry feces, wherein the interior of a tank body of a biogas fermentation tank is divided by a baffle, so as to form a main reaction chamber and an auxiliary reaction chamber which are communicated in upper portions, so that a reactant flows into the auxiliary reaction chamber only after entering the main reaction chamber via a relatively low feeding hole and then reaching a high position of a liquid level, and extension of fermentation time is realized, meanwhile, scales formed at the top of fermentation broth flow into the auxiliary reaction chamber along with liquid, so that the interior of the main reaction chamber keeps a liquid state all the time, and sealing and reduction of quantity of anaerobic bacteria are avoided.

Abstract: Devices and techniques related to landfill gas extraction are disclosed. A technique for controlling extraction of landfill gas from a landfill through a gas extraction system is described. The method may include measuring a plurality of values indicating conditions associated with the landfill; computing, based at least in part on the plurality of values and on a model of the landfill, a predicted future state of the landfill; determining, based at least in part on the predicted future state of the landfill, one or more control parameters for one or more respective control devices configured to control operation of the gas extraction system; applying the one or more control parameters to the one or more respective control, and with the one or more control devices, controlling extraction of the landfill gas from the landfill based, at least in part, on the one or more respective control parameters.

Abstract: A control system for controlling extraction of landfill gas, comprising: at least one sensor configured to measure one or more characteristics of landfill gas; at least one flow control mechanism disposed in well piping and configured to control flow of the landfill gas through the well piping; and at least one processor configured to: obtain a measured concentration of a first gas in landfill gas; determine whether the measured concentration of the first gas is either less than a first threshold concentration or greater than a second threshold concentration; when it is determined that the measured concentration is less than the first threshold concentration, control the at least one flow control mechanism to reduce flow rate of landfill gas; and when it is determined that the concentration is greater than the second threshold concentration, control the at least one flow control mechanism to increase the flow rate of landfill gas.

Abstract: According to present disclosure, there is disclosed an algae growth and cultivation system that provides a cost-efficient means of producing algae biomass as feedstock for algae-based products, such as, fertilizer, feed, biofuel manufacture, and desirably impacts, nutrient recovery from waste streams for valued byproducts production, recycle water, and alternative/renewable energy production. The system as discussed herein is an integrated systems approach to wastewater treatment, algal strains selection for byproducts production, and recycle of algal biomass-processing waste or additional algae harvested as feedstock for products such as fertilizer production. Embodiments of a system as discussed herein present an economically viable algae production system and process that allows algae-derived products such as fertilizer, feed, biofuels, etc. to compete with non-organic or petroleum products in the marketplace.

Abstract: A waste treatment, pyrolysis and gasification and concerns an apparatus for syngas bio-methanation include a unit for pyrolysis/gasification receiving organic material, the unit for pyrolysis/gasification generating syngas, comprising at least one membrane reactor inside a liquid bath comprising at least one bacteria population, the membrane reactor comprising at least one hollow fiber in contact with the liquid bath, around which a biofilm is formed and into which the syngas from the unit for pyrolysis/gasification flows, so as to convert the syngas into methane. A method for bio-methanation of syngas comprising a step of providing syngas from a unit for pyrolysis/gasification to a membrane reactor inside a liquid bath comprising at least one suitable bacteria population, the membrane reactor comprising at least one hollow fiber in contact with the liquid bath, around which a biofilm is formed and into which the output syngas of the unit for pyrolysis flows, so as to convert the syngas into methane.

Abstract: A self-circulating high-efficiency biological denitrification device includes a tank body, where an aerobic zone, an anoxic zone, a settling tank water distribution zone, a sludge zone, a sludge-water separation zone, and an effluent flow stabilization zone are arranged from bottom to top in the tank body; the settling tank water distribution zone includes a settling tank influent guide cylinder, and a circular butterfly jet water distributor is arranged between the settling tank influent guide cylinder and the aerobic zone; the settling tank influent guide cylinder is connected to a guide plate arranged in the aerobic zone, the anaerobic zone, and the sludge zone; the guide plate includes three sections; a nitrification liquid return gap and a sludge return gap are formed; a bottom of the aerobic zone is provided with an aerator; the aerator is connected to an air inlet pipe located outside the tank body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for enhancing deep degradation of proteins in sludge.

Abstract: Waste water is remanufactured with ozone in a series of mixing vessels. The ozone is dispersed to both a top and a bottom portion of each mixing vessel, but in different amounts. This creates an electrical potential difference across the height of each mixing vessel which significantly improves the oxidation of organic carbon-based impurities and eliminates H2S and bacteria. Sludge and solids floating to the top of each mixing vessels are removed, as well as sludge and solids settling to the bottom of the mixing vessels. When oil and gas well waste water is treated in this manner, the resulting treated water is purified and has a high salt content suitable for oil or gas well injection.

Abstract: Provided are a method of evaluating biogas power generation suitability performed by a biogas power generation suitability evaluation server including a processor and a memory, the method comprises extracting, from satellite image data of an evaluation target area, an area corresponding to the evaluation target area, calculating a size of biogas generation facilities included in the evaluation target area based on the extracted area, calculating a biogas concentration of the evaluation target area from the satellite image data and evaluating the biogas power generation suitability based on the size of the biogas generation facilities and the biogas concentration of the evaluation target area, wherein the calculating of the biogas concentration of the evaluation target area comprises calculating an average value of biogas concentrations of area corresponding to the evaluation target area, and the evaluating of the biogas power generation suitability comprises calculating, based on the size of the biogas genera

Abstract: An aerobic biological treatment apparatus includes a reaction tank (tank body), a water permeation plate horizontally installed in a lower part of the reaction tank, a large-diameter particle layer formed on an upper side of the water permeation plate, a small-diameter particle layer formed on an upper side of the large-diameter particle layer, an oxygen dissolution membrane module disposed on an upper side of the small-diameter particle layer, a receiving chamber formed on a lower side of the water permeation plate, a raw water dispersion pipe supplying raw water into the receiving chamber, a diffuser pipe installed to perform gas diffusion in the receiving chamber and the like. A condensed water drainage pipe branches from an exhaust pipe from the oxygen dissolution membrane module, and a valve is provided.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for maintaining a stable microbial community in a combined anaerobic-aerobic waste processing system. The system comprises cycling of waste activated sludge between reactors, thereby ensuring a healthy microbial community and an efficient waste decomposition.

Abstract: A process for enhanced anaerobic digestion of sludge by alcoholization of food waste, comprising steps of: (1) ethanol prefermentation of food waste—feeding the food waste having been crushed into a uniform grain size into an ethanol production reactor, where the food waste is subjected to rapid and efficient anaerobic fermentation activated by addition of yeast and pH adjustment to produce ethanol and obtain a fermentation broth and a fermentation residue; (2) sludge pretreatment—pretreating the sludge after mixing with the fermentation residue; and (3) methanogenesis of anaerobic digestion—subjecting products resulting from the sludge pretreatment to be mixed with the fermentation broth and then to methanogenesis of anaerobic digestion in a methane production reactor. With this process, the sludge and the food waste can be treated efficiently via multi-phase reactions, and the resource recovery and biogas quality can be enhanced.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an apparatus for immobilizing a microbial cell, the apparatus including: a mixing tank in which a cell-carrier-containing mixed solution is accommodated; a nozzle part through which the cell-carrier-containing mixed solution is injected from the mixing tank and is discharged to the outside; and a reaction tank in which a cell immobilized bead is formed by contact between the cell-carrier-containing mixed solution discharged from the nozzle part and an aqueous curing agent solution. In the apparatus for immobilizing a microbial cell according to the present disclosure, since the cell-carrier-containing mixed solution is injected through an air spraying nozzle, even when an immobilized carrier solution having a high viscosity is used, a microbial cell immobilized bead having a small size and having a spherical shape, or an almost spherical shape may be mass-produced.

Abstract: Disclosed are a cow excreta treatment apparatus and method. According to an aspect of the present embodiment, in a cow excreta treatment apparatus which treats cow excreta wastewater, provided is an aerobic reaction chamber for improving the aggregation and sedimentation characteristics of fine solids, the aerobic reaction chamber comprising: an air blow pipe for supplying air; a vertical membrane for preventing the outflow of raw water; and a discharge pipe for discharging air and treated water and removing bubbles generated in the aerobic reaction chamber.

Abstract: An anaerobic digestion system for producing biogas from biomass, particularly biomass that is lignocellulosic, and includes two separate and interacting anaerobic reactor environments to solubilize lignocellulosic materials and make them available for conversion to biogas.