Abstract: In a sewage disposal system, a de-nitrification station is configured as a heap of foam cubes located in an airtight enclosure from which oxygen is excluded. Carbon is added to the incoming nitrified water. The heap of foam cubes is arranged as a free-draining trickle filter, but here under asphyxiant conditions in the enclosure. Anaerobic microbiological reactions reduce the nitrate to nitrogen gas. Effluent from the de-nitrifier is polished by feeding back a fraction of the effluent through the aeration station from which the nitrate water is derived, or a separate polishing station can be provided.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for refining native biomass to extremely fine and highly disrupted particles using high shear and/or cavitation in combination with high temperature and high or low pH conditions which dissolve biomass to a high percentage. The method of the present invention results in a high percentage of hydrolysis, in many cases near theoretical levels, in short residence times while minimizing inputs over other methods, using low chemical inputs, and optionally with no chemical inputs in certain stages compared to existing processes. The method of the present invention also uses minimal electrical energy inputs and conserves heat energy within the process and reduces equipment requirements while producing concentrated products.

Abstract: PROBLEM: To provide a novel paint waste liquid treatment method that is of simple construction, may be handled with ease, is easy to operate, and has good efficiency. SOLUTION MEANS: A method of treating waste liquid containing paint associated with the present invention is characterized in that at least one of either a treatment solution or a waste liquid containing paint is atomized and supplied in droplet form to a treatment tank, and a treatment solution phase and a waste liquid phase are mixed to produce flowing material in an emulsified state (a flowing emulsion), to treat said waste liquid. The present invention makes it possible for treatment of paint waste liquid to be carried out more simply and more easily than is the case with biological waste liquid treatment techniques, and makes it possible for treatment to be carried out at sites where waste liquid is generated. SELECTED DRAWING: FIG.

Abstract: A method for bioremediation of contaminants, comprising contacting a contaminant with composite particles including at least one microbial available nutrient species and at least one fatty acid species, and contacting the contaminant with oxygenated water including greater than about 4 parts per million dissolved oxygen. Water may be oxygenated on-site using various oxygenating devices, such as an aspirator, aerator, impeller and diffuser. Optionally, the oxygenated water may be prepared with wastewater that is being remediated. The method may be used to maintain a dissolved oxygen concentration of greater than a setpoint concentration, such as at least 4 ppm. A preferred oxygenated water stream or source has a dissolved oxygen concentration of greater than 50 ppm. Where the contaminant is in a wastewater, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the remediation zone or the oxygenated water stream may be measured with a dissolved oxygen sensor.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for enzymatic decontamination by inactivation of Hazardous agents are provided. Hazardous agents of microbial and chemical origin can be neutralized by H2O2. The methods described herein provide for enzymatic production of H2O2 in situ using oxidoreductase enzymes that use oxygen as an acceptor and their alcohol substrates. The enzymatically produced H2O2 and corresponding aldehydes have potent antimicrobial properties. The enzymatically produced H2O2 also can detoxify chemical agents in situ. The decontaminating power of the oxidoreductase enzymes that use oxygen as an acceptor may be amplified by addition of reagents, such as acetyl donors or base catalysts that, in the presence of H2O2, yield peroxy acid derivatives and hydroperoxy anions. Such derivatives can neutralize biological and chemical agents, thus providing a broadly applicable decontamination method.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bioreactor which is capable of efficiently removing nitrate ions. A nitrate-removing bioreactor (1) comprises a reaction container (2) and an introduction part (3) for introducing a fermentation source (S) into the reaction container (2), said introduction part (3) being provided onto the upper part of the reaction container (2). The reaction container (2) produces an organic acid (A) by anaerobic fermentation of the fermentation source (S), and is partially provided with a structure (4) through which the organic acid (A) can permeate. A ceramic material can be used for the organic acid-permeable structure (4).

Abstract: To provide an apparatus for treating oil- and fat-containing wastewater for the purpose of degrading and treating oils and fats within a grease trap, which has the advantages from the viewpoint of a high versatility, and also from the viewpoints of cost and maintenance, and a method of treating oil- and fat-containing wastewater, which efficiently degrades and treats oils and fats within the grease trap.

Abstract: Bacterial contamination of industrial water systems lead to biofouling by biofilms and corrosion from bacterial induced corrosion. This invention provides a method for control of fouling and contamination of industrial water systems caused by bacteria. Prevention or reduction of process interruptions and general contamination, fouling and corrosion is achieved by the destruction of targeted problematic bacteria with naturally occurring, non-engineered bacteriophage virulent for targeted bacteria. The invention also provides for in-situ confirmation of the proper identification of target bacteria and a mobile laboratory adapted to implement the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for using biomass in a biogas process. The aim of the invention is to use substrates having a high nitrogen and solid content, and which using a small amount of water, has very good energy balance and is particularly environmentally friendly. Said aim is achieved by the virtue of the fact that the substrate is treated with a recirculated product in order to form a pumpable medium, and additionally treated with bacteria in cyclones and fermenters, which simultaneously removes the nitrogen in a stripping process, separates the solid fermentation radicals and further uses the recirculated product as a heat-exchanger and reaction medium. Said process is environmentally friendly and has a very good energy balance.

Abstract: Excess sludge production in a bioreactor of a wastewater treatment plant in which excess sludge is being produced is reduced by adding an activated sludge material having a chitinase specific activity of at least 150 Units/g-MLSS and a pectinase specific activity of at least 120 Units/g-MLSS to the bioreactor. After the addition of the activated sludge material, the bioreactor is controlled by adding the activated sludge material when any one of the chitinase activity, the pectinase activity, and the protease specific of the sludge in the bioreactor drops below the lower limits of 50 Units/L, 40 Units/L, and 0.3 Units/L, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treatment of sludge in water purification, the method comprising the steps: providing an enzyme mixture comprising at least one enzyme capable of digesting natural polymeric materials; and adding the enzyme mixture and at least one chelating reagent, in optional order or simultaneously, to an aqueous sludge suspension.

Abstract: A composition including the fermentation supernatant from a fermentation of yeast is intended to be conveniently introduced through the wastewater plumbing system of a private home or other facility into a septic system servicing the home or other facility to substantially accelerate the ability of the bacteria resident in the septic system to substantially digest biologically available organic compounds present in the septic system, and methods of accomplishing the same.

Abstract: A bioremediation method for accelerated biological degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a sea ice-covered polar region comprising contacting the petroleum hydrocarbons with an inoculum. The inoculum includes a bacterial mixture, nutrients, and an environmentally friendly carrier material. The bacterial mixture includes a plurality of cold-adapted autochthonous bacterial strains, wherein each of the bacterial strains are active at an ambient temperature of ?3° C., and wherein each of the bacterial strains has a different temperature tolerance range, a different salinity tolerance range, a different degradation spectrum, and a different potential to emulsify oil. Bacteria of the bacterial strains are immobilized on the environmentally friendly carrier material.

Abstract: A method for treating a formaldehyde-containing waste liquid, which is formed as a byproduct in a plant for the production of hydrocarbons or oxygen-containing compounds, containing the steps of: subjecting formaldehyde in the liquid to chemical treatment; and treating the resulting waste liquid, while being aerated, by using a membrane bioreactor that is composed of a microorganism or enzyme and a separation membrane.

Abstract: To provide an apparatus for treating oil- and fat-containing wastewater for the purpose of degrading and treating oils and fats within a grease trap, which has the advantages from the viewpoint of a high versatility, and also from the viewpoints of cost and maintenance, and a method of treating oil- and fat-containing wastewater, which efficiently degrades and treats oils and fats within the grease trap.

Abstract: A method of managing organic waste and an organic waste management system. The method includes the steps of receiving organic waste liquids and solids in a collection vessel, such as a grease trap. The dissolved oxygen is monitored, the pH level is monitored, the flow is monitored, and the temperature of the organic waste liquids and solids in the collection vessel are all monitored and data is generated therefrom. Enzymes and bacteria are generated/supplied and delivered along with other reagents to the collection vessel in response to the data. In addition, dissolved oxygen, air, or equivalent is applied to the collection vessel in response to the data so that the organic waste liquids and solids are degraded.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of ethanol and energy. The process includes the steps of fermenting a corn mash in an aqueous medium to produce a beer. Next, the beer is distilled to produce ethanol and a whole stillage. The whole stillage is anaerobically digested to produce a biogas and a residue. The biogas is combusted to produce electricity and steam. The electricity and steam are used during the fermentation and distillation process. The residue may further be separated into a liquid fertilizer and top soil residue.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of ethanol and energy. The process includes the steps of fermenting a corn mash in an aqueous medium to produce a beer. Next, the beer is distilled to produce ethanol and a whole stillage. The whole stillage is anaerobically digested to produce a biogas and a residue. The biogas is combusted to produce electricity and steam. The electricity and steam are used during the fermentation and distillation process. The residue may further be separated into a liquid fertilizer and top soil residue.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel microorganism which has an excellent ability to solubilize a variety of organic solid matter such as biological sludge including raw sludge and excess sludge discharged from sewage treating processes at sewage treatment plants, night soil treatment plants or the like, or organic sludge discharged from production processes or wastewater treatment processes at food plants, chemical plants or the like. A novel microorganism of the present invention belongs to genus Geobacillus, which has an ability to produce a solubilizing enzyme for solubilizing organic solid matter such as organic sludge or biological sludge.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods for purifying and/or concentrating compounds from or in solutions and/or mixtures. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for purifying and/or concentrating a compound from a solution or mixture. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for purifying/concentrating a compound from a solution or mixture that utilizes, in whole or part, foam purification and/or concentration. In still another embodiment, the present invention can be used to separate, concentrate and/or purify any material, including biological products and/or biomaterials, that can be selectively bound to a binding agent, thereby yielding a complex that will readily partition onto bubble surfaces in a foam.

Abstract: A method of treatment of sewage comprising adding at least one cell signalling chemical (CSC) to a sewage substrate, wherein the at least one CSC regulates activity of a microbial population in the sewage substrate. In particular, methods of reducing odor in sewage treatment systems, preventing corrosion in sewage treatment systems, enhancing microbial digestion of sewage, managing methane gas production in a sewage treatment system, enhancing digestion of sewage sludge, resuscitating dormant microbes or microbes that are in a starvation or stationary phase in a sewage substrate and controlling the bacteria responsible for oxidation or reduction of nitrogenous compounds in a sewage substrate, are provided.

Abstract: Improved systems and methods for removing the load of perchlorate and other oxyanions off of ion exchange resins through bioregeneration are disclosed. The improved systems and methods rely upon direct contact between the resin and a liquid product containing enrichment cultures of or pure strains of perchlorate-destroying microorganisms. Controlled temperatures also lead to improvements as do upflow conditions leading to bed expansion. These methods can be incorporated into methods for removing perchlorate from aqueous streams.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a consortium of Nitrosomonas eutropha and Nitrobacter winogradskyi, which is more effective at removing ammonia and nitrite than the commonly used consortium of Nitrosomonas europea and Nitrobacter winogradskyi, particularly in aquaculture such as shrimp ponds. Supplementation of the consortium in aquaculture such as shrimp ponds may lead to an increase in total yield, an increase in size, a decrease in Food Conversion Ratio (less food required per kg of shrimp obtained), and an increase in total per pond sales.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for treating organic wastewater and sludge which remarkably reduce the generated amount of sludge at a much lower running cost, and which reduce the size and the capacity of the solubilization tank. The method and apparatus for treating sludge employs a biological treatment system, wherein a biological treatment of wastewater is carried out, and a solid-liquid separation unit for separating a solid from a liquid in the wastewater after the biological treatment, to obtain a treated wastewater and a sludge. The apparatus has a means for obtaining a withdrawn sludge from a part of the sludge and an alkali-treatment tank, wherein an alkali-treatment of the withdrawn sludge is carried out. The apparatus also has a biological solubilization tank which solubilizes the sludge after the alkali-treatment under an anaerobic, anoxic or microaerophilic condition, and a means for recycling the solubilized sludge to the biological treatment system.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and compositions for of treating water systems, particularly recirculating water systems contaminated by a biofilm containing sessile micro-organisms. The method includes the steps of forming a boron conditioned enzyme and contacting the biofilm with said boron conditioned enzyme, thereby planktonising the micro-organisms The boron conditioned enzyme retains a level of activity at least 40% of the initial activity of the unconditioned enzyme for at least two hours after contacting the biofilm, either in the presence or absence of a biocide or corrosion inhibitor which would normally deactivate the enzyme. In preferred embodiments a biocide is added with the conditioned enzyme. The method and compositions are also applicable to remediation of tepid water systems in which biofilm may harbour pathogens such as sessile Legionella.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dispensing apparatus and method for the delivery of remediation agents into waste systems wherein the apparatus is capable of generating and maintaining a controlled release of concentrated a remediation composition throughout the delivery cycle. The invention also provides a dispensing apparatus and methods wherein the remediation agent is a remediation agent that includes living organisms. Finally, the invention provides a dispensing apparatus and methods wherein compositions of remediation agents are conveniently formulated for specific applications providing a range of retention, activation and release profiles that optimize the remediation effectiveness.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for treating odors in wastewater treatment bodies. The pH of the body is preferably established above about 6 and most preferably above about 7, usually by adding a base to the body. The oxidation reduction potential of the body is established at about ?300 mV or higher and more preferably about ?200 mV or higher, usually by adding an oxidizing agent such as oxygen or nitrates. After these conditions are established, sulfur oxidizing bacteria are added to the body. These preferably include Paracoccus denitrificans (formerly called Thiosphaera pantotropha) ATTC number 35,512. The sulfur oxidizing bacterial population should be established at levels of at least about 1×104 cfu/mL and more preferably at levels of 1×105 to 1×106 cfu/mL or higher. The increased ORP and pH levels make sulfate reduction thermodynamically unfavorable. Additionally, the presence of an alternative electron acceptor such as oxygen or nitrate allows the sulfur oxidizing bacteria to oxidize organic acids.

Abstract: Method for purification of process water, in particular coming from a kerosene desulfurization plant, and related plant, comprising the steps of neutralizing the process water, carrying out a washing of the process water by a solvent, and biologically treating the process water with bacteria apt to degrade pollutants.

Abstract: This invention employs natural enzymes to activate microbes that break down sludge and toxic substances such as organic compounds existent in polluted water, while at the same time being easily employed on rivers, lakes and water treatment plants. A water purification agent is disseminated via a process of drip distribution into polluted water, resulting in the activation of microbes, which, through their activities, purify the polluted water. The water purification agent is comprised of a mixture of the following: natural enzymes, which, when introduced into polluted water, activate microbes that break down sludge and toxic substances such as organic compounds and sulfides, leading to purification of the water; and a solution of yeast in citric acid water, which facilitates a catalytic reaction that enables the microbes in polluted water to be activated.

Abstract: A light weight medium for growing microorganisms includes a mass of polymeric foam, such as a polyurethane foam, having an outer region enclosing an inner region. A plurality of fragments of an inorganic material, such as sand, are at least partially embedded in the outer region. The light weight medium may be used to support growth of microorganisms in a wide variety of biological and/or biochemical processes, or may be used without microorganisms in chemically treating wastes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of remediating sewage matter, reducing the amount of sludge in sewage and reducing odor-causing matter in sludge. The invention is further directed to compositions having specific genetic characteristics useful in bioremediation of sewage matter and methods of producing same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cleaning agent, particularly for cleaning sewers, for fat and/or protein-containing sewage from the home or having a municipal or industrial origin, with a content of urea, a urea derivative, a urea salt and/or a urea derivative salt, the cleaning agent containing approximately 50 to 90 wt. % urea, urea derivative, urea salt and/or urea derivative salt, based on dry substance, and an alkaline-acting agent, protease and fat-degrading microorganisms.

Abstract: A method for extracting contaminants and pollutants from an ecosystem. The method includes extracting from the ecosystem a quantity of animal tissue and grinding or macerating the animal tissue to form a slurry-like mixture and adding the mixture to a digestion vessel. The pH of the ground animal tissue is reduced to a range of from approximately 3.5 to approximately 4.5 and the ground tissue is allowed to decompose through the action of digestive enzymes released from the visceral tissue of the animal tissue by the maceration step. The decomposed tissue is separated into a lipid portion, a proteinaceous portion and a bone fragment or hard tissue portion. At least a part of the lipid portion may then be extracted from the decomposed tissue for further processing or disposal of contaminants and pollutants contained therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates in general to a method for bacterially treating small-tank toilet systems and an apparatus for using same, and in particular, bacterially treating small-tank portable toilets, such as toilet systems in airplanes, busses, campers, trains, boats, and free-standing portable toilets.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a preparation process and composition of an enzymatic preparation for the treatment of liquid, paste and semi-solid effluents, both domestic and industrial, with high levels of fats, proteins and/or carbohydrates. In accordance with the present invention the enzymatic preparation proposed is produced by a fungus of the genus Penicillium restrictum isolated from agribusiness wastes, obtained at very reduced cost.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel ex situ processes for simple and economical destruction of air, water, and soil contaminants using naturally occurring microorganisms that are widely available in the environment. The processes utilize novel closed-loop recycle schemes which dramatically improve the efficiency, economics, and practicability of destruction of a wide variety of contaminants, especially VOCs and chloroethylenes, and particularly trichloroethylene (TCE). The processes may be applied on a batch or continuous basis to contaminated soil and groundwater, to contaminated effluents from a wide variety industrial operations, or to wherever such amenable contaminants are present. Certain contaminants, particularly chloroethylenes, are known to be difficult to biodegrade aerobically to non-toxic products without the employment of a primary substrate to induce cometabolic degradation.

Abstract: A method of chromatographic isolation for non-glyceride components (squalenes, carotenes, vitamin E, sterols and/or the like) from a non-glyceride components-comprising compound by the steps of a. introducing the non-glyceride components-comprising compound onto a selective adsorbent to allow an adsorption of the non-glyceride components, and subsequently b. desorbing the non-glyceride components from the adsorbent, wherein the adsorption and/or desorption of the non-glyceride components is carried out under a supercritical fluid environment.

Abstract: There is provided a process for treating industrial wastewater that substantially eliminates the generation of excess solids in the system requiring mechanical removal. The wastewater undergoes an equalization step wherein hydraulic flow is smoothed and the pH of the wastewater is adjusted to near neutral pH conditions. The equalized wastewater is then transferred to aeration tanks where the organic process wastes are absorbed, metabolized, or otherwise biodegraded by the microorganisms in the mixed liquor in the aeration tanks. After the aeration step, the wastewater is separated by gravity in a clarifying step to separate the wastewater into a liquid phase and a semi-solid phase. The clarified liquid phase is withdrawn from the clarifier and discharged, while the semi-solid phase is transferred either directly back to the aeration/biological treatment step, as recycle-activated sludge, or into a bioreactor as waste-activated sludge. In the bioreactor the semi-solid phase is subjected to active aeration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel ex situ processes for simple and economical destruction of air, water, and soil contaminants using naturally occurring microorganisms that are widely available in the environment. The processes utilize novel closed-loop recycle schemes which dramatically improve the efficiency, economics, and practicability of destruction of a wide variety of contaminants, especially VOCs and chloroethylenes, and particularly trichloroethylene (TCE). The processes may be applied on a batch or continuous basis to contaminated soil and groundwater, to contaminated effluents from a wide variety industrial operations, or to wherever such amenable contaminants are present. Certain contaminants, particularly chloroethylenes, are known to be difficult to biodegrade aerobically to non-toxic products without the employment of a primary substrate to induce cometabolic degradation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purifying contaminated water coming from a carwash and an installation for performing this method. The method comprises the steps of pretreating the contaminated water such that the size of the organic material it contains is smaller than a predetermined cut off value; subsequently carrying the contaminated water in upward direction through a packed bed of particulate material, in which micro-organisms produce exo-enzymes to degrade the organic material in the contaminated water, which bed is aerated from below, and draining the purified water from the packed bed at a level located a determined distance from the top of the bed; wherein an additive is added to the contaminated water to stimulate production of exo-enzymes by the micro-organisms in the packed bed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel ex situ processes for simple and economical destruction of air, water, and soil contaminants using naturally occurring microorganisms that are widely available in the environment. The processes utilize novel closed-loop recycle schemes which dramatically improve the efficiency, economics, and practicability of destruction of a wide variety of contaminants, especially VOCs and chloroethylenes, and particularly trichloroethylene (TCE). The processes may be applied on a batch or continuous basis to contaminated soil and groundwater, to contaminated effluents from a wide variety industrial operations, or to wherever such amenable contaminants are present. Certain contaminants, particularly chloroethylenes, are known to be difficult to biodegrade aerobically to non-toxic products without the employment of a primary substrate to induce cometabolic degradation.

Abstract: Bioremediation of waste water traveling through a sewer system is accomplished by suspending in selected manholes a self-powered feeder device for delivering a desired amount of a solid microbial wastewater treatment preparation. The feeder device is preferably a) sealed to prevent moisture from causing caking or clumping of the solid microbial treatment preparation, b) controlled by a programable microprocessor and c) powered by a self-contained battery pack that allows the device to function for a desired period of time without maintenance or manual handling.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for enhancing the concentration of the fiber derived dissolved and colloidal substances in process water that comes from mechanical pulping. According to the invention, process water is treated with enzyme preparations that have an effect on carbohydrates and that contain mannanase and/or endoglucanase, in particular, which break down the soluble carbohydrate polymers contained by the process water into low molecular weight oligosaccharides. The treatment prevents an increase in viscosity so that process water can be concentrated into a high dry content, or the treatment can be used to lower the viscosity of previously concentrated process water to facilitate after-treatment.

Abstract: There is provided a process for treating industrial wastewater that substantially eliminates the generation of excess solids in the system requiring mechanical removal. The wastewater undergoes an equalization step wherein hydraulic flow is smoothed and the pH of the wastewater is adjusted to near neutral pH conditions. The equalized wastewater is then transferred to aeration tanks where the organic process wastes are absorbed, metabolized, or otherwise biodegraded by the microorganisms in the mixed liquor in the aeration tanks. After the aeration step, the wastewater is separated by gravity in a clarifying step to separate the wastewater into a liquid phase and a semi-solid phase. The clarified liquid phase is withdrawn from the clarifier and discharged, while the semi-solid phase is transferred either directly back to the aeration/biological treatment step, as recycle-activated sludge, or into a bioreactor as waste-activated sludge. In the bioreactor the semi-solid phase is subjected to active aeration.

Abstract: An integrated biological treatment process and bioreactor system provides means for simultaneous removal of biodegradable solids (TSS), nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) from water and wastewater. The system comprises microbial consortia immobilized in separate bioreactors for anaerobic processes, P removal, dentrification and, optionally, BOD removal and polishing.

Abstract: A composition is provided containing powdered cellulose and at least one water insoluble, immobilized water treatment additive. Preferably, a filter media composition is provided containing powdered cellulose and at least one water insoluble, immobilized enzyme such as lipase for filtration of swimming pool and spa water. The lipase may be recombinantly produced, and lipases having 1,3 positional or non-positional specificity are used. The immobilized lipase may be in the form of bead-shaped particles, and immobilization can be on a macroporous acrylic resin. Moisture may be added to the composition to provide a pre-moistened composition that is dustless and provides for improved dispersement and even filter grid coating. In a filtering system, the filter media absorbs oils contained in pool or spa water, and the lipase hydrolyzes the oils.

Abstract: Bacterially generated polymers used as coagulants and flocculents for the removal of suspended solids from wastewater. Polymer producing bacteria such as Bacillus polymyxa NRRL 21881 are added to wastewater treatment systems. The bacteria reproduce in the system, substantially increasing the number of coagulants. Throughout their lives, the bacteria treat BOD5 in the system. When BOD5 levels are sufficiently low, the bacteria will produce polymers to increase their ability to capture organic matter. The polymers will capture the suspended particles in the water, creating strands of polymer connected particles. As different strands come into contact, they will become entwined, creating flocs. These flocs will combine and absorb the suspended particles which they encounter. If the flow of the system becomes laminar, the flocs will agglomerate to densities sufficient to allow them to fall out of suspension. The result is a reduction in effluent TSS without an offsetting increase in BOD5.

Abstract: Sewage waste digestive bacteria and enzymes are incorporated into a slow release material and delivered to the site of the waste to digest the solid waste. The slow release material is made heavy so the enzymes and bacteria will be delivered to the sludge in the bottom of a sewage digester chamber and made fat soluble so that the enzymes and bacteria will be delivered to the grease in the waste system to be digested. This selective delivery system prevents the enzymes and bacteria from being diluted in grey water rendering them less effective and discharged from the sewage system without digesting waste.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for sewage pre-treatment in a sewer pipeline infrastructure upstream of a sewage treatment facility of a sewage treatment system includes selecting a site in the sewer pipeline infrastructure between a source of untreated sewage and the sewage treatment facility of the system, providing a source of a biological activity enhancing agent at the preselected site, and introducing the agent from the source thereof into a flow of untreated sewage at the selected site so as to convert the sewage from an untreated state to a pre-treated state in the pipeline infrastructure upstream of the sewage treatment facility.

Abstract: The degradation of compounds contained in a liquid or solid waste stream is described. The invention provides a system that can be operated economically on a commercial scale that is capable of handling diverse waste streams without significant inhibition of the degradation process. The system involves the use of a semi-permeable membrane partition and pressure to drive reactants into a waste stream.