Abstract: A self-supporting fibrous matrix containing immobilized therein at least about 5% by weight of microparticulate, with an average diameter less than 1 micron, preferably fumed silica, or alumina, and flocculating amounts of an organic polycationic resin and an organic polyanionic resin, is useful for fluid treatment and filtration processes, especially delipidization and depyrogenation of fluids such as serum.

Abstract: A cationic adsorption agent which is obtained by reaction of(a) an amino compound which contains at least one amino group and at least one free or methylolated carbamide or thiocarbamide group, or a salt thereof, with(b) an aminoplast precondensate which does not contain amino groups.The novel adsorption agent is suitable in particular for removing anionic substances, such as acid dyes or reactive dyes, from aqueous solutions, especially from wastewaters.

Abstract: Treatment of the blood by means of a blood purification device comprising packed, substantially spherical, smooth-surfaced, porous granules having at least 0.1 .mu.mole/m.sup.2 of the silanol group on the surface thereof, a blood inlet and a blood outlet scarcely causes decrease in leukocyte or platelet count or blood cell damage and can remove proteins from the blood by adsorption without high pressure loss.

Abstract: A mixed bed polishing process for regeneration of an exhausted mixed resin bed of cation exchange and anion exchange resins of different densities comprising the steps of scrubbing with air the exhausted mixed resin bed and adding into the mixed resin bed inert resins having a density intermediate the densities of the cation exchange and anion exchange resins. The exhausted mixed resin bed is backwashed to separate into three layers the cation exchange, anion exchange and inert resins. The anion exchange resins are transferred to an anion regenerator; and then, the inert resins are transferred to an inert resin storage tank. The cation exchange resins are regenerated with acid; and then, the anion exchange resins are regenerated with caustic regenerant. The regenerated cation exchange and regenerated anion exchange resins are separately rinsed, and then, mixed together and rinsed.

Abstract: A method for removing halogenated hydrocarbons from water is disclosed. The method comprises contacting said aqueous solution with a phosphine oxide either alone or on a solid support.

Abstract: A protective garment fabricated at least in part from a fabric which contains a layer of a highly fluorinated ion exchange polymer having functionality of the sulfonic and/or carboxylic type in the form of an alkali metal, ammonium or amine salt.

Abstract: A process for the extraction of cesium ions from an aqueous solution with an adduct compound in solid form containing a macrocyclical polyether and an inorganic heteropoly acid. The adduct compounds employed comprise an adduct of (a) benzo-15-crown-5 (B-15-C-5); dibenzo-21-crown-7 (DB-21-C-7); or dibenzo-30-crown-10 (DB-30-C-10), with (b) 12-molybdophosphoric acid (HPMo); 12-tungstophosphoric acid (HPW); 12-molybdosilicic acid (HSiMo); 12-tungstosilicic acid (HSiW); or an Na, K, Tl, or NH.sub.4 salt of any of these acids.

Abstract: A water treatment process for removing turbidity-causing impurities from water which involves contacting water containing such impurities with a relatively small amount of filter aid material, e.g., diatomaceous earth, for a time sufficient for impurities in the water to become adsorbed on said filter aid material, passing the water containing the filter aid material with impurities adsorbed thereon through a pre-filter having a flow rate of two liters/min./sq. m., or greater, and thereafter through a filter medium in the form of a porous, non-woven matrix consisting essentially of randomly arranged, irregularly intersecting and overlapping cellulose fibers intermixed with micro-bits of an expanded thermoplastic styrene-polymer or lower polyolefin, or of a flexible foamed polyurethane.

Abstract: Zeolite is contacted with an aqueous solution containing at least one of copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese and zinc salts, preferably copper and nickel salts, particularly preferably copper salt, in such a form as sulfate, nitrate, or chloride, thereby adsorbing the metal on the zeolite in its pores by ion exchange, then the zeolite is treated with a water-soluble ferrocyanide compound, for example, potassium ferrocyanide, thereby forming metal ferrocyanide on the zeolite in its pores. Then, the zeolite is subjected to ageing treatment, thereby producing a zeolite adsorbent impregnated with metal ferrocyanide in the pores of zeolite. The adsorbent can selectively recover cesium with a high percent cesium removal from a radioactive liquid waste containing at least radioactive cesium, for example, a radioactive liquid waste containing cesium and such coexisting ions as sodium, magnesium, calcium and carbonate ions at the same time at a high concentration.

Abstract: Attapulgus clay rendered substantially non-swelling and non-gelling by calcination is treated with a large organophilic quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compound to yield a sorbent material effective for purifying liquids from inorganic and organic contaminants. Treatment of the mineral substrate may be accomplished by mixing in a liquid system or by spraying a solution of the quaternary ammonium surfactant onto the mineral. Surfactant on the mineral is present in quantities approximating the exchange capacity of the mineral.

Abstract: The present invention relates to composite materials. A composite material is disclosed for the selective retention of chemical species from a fluid substance. The composite material comprises a support material, a permeable gel retained on the support material and, in the permeable gel, an active material capable of selectively retaining the chemical species.At least some of the permeable gel is enmeshed with the support material.A method for the preparation of the composite material is also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel compositions containing fluoride are provided for the removal of organic and heavy metal pollutants from waste waters and methods of utilizing same. The compositions comprise components selected from ion exchange absorbent gels, cements, water soluble fluoride containing salts and optionally alkali metal ortho phosphates. The procedures of the present invention yield not only clarified waters but provided a sludge which can be disposed of under environmentally acceptable conditions.

Abstract: An improved process for separating a component from a feed mixture comprising an aqueous solution of a mixture of different components, such as a mixture of saccharides. In the process the mixture is contacted with a zeolite which selectively adsorbs a component from the feed mixture. The adsorbed component is then recovered by contacting the adsorbent with a desorbent material such as water to effect the desorption of the adsorbed component from the adsorbent. There is an undesirable tendency for the silicon constituent of the zeolite to dissolve in the aqueous system. The improvement to the process comprises the impregnation of the zeolite with a binder material comprising a water permeable organic polymer which substantially reduces the undesirable dissolution. The adsorbent is manufactured by mixing together powder of the zeolite, powders of the organic polymer binder, and a liquid organic solvent, extruding the mixture into an extrudate and drying the extrudate.

Abstract: A column for adsorption of blood proteins is disclosed which comprises a blood inlet and a blood outlet each with a filter, and a porous material packed between both the filters, which material has a mean pore diameter (D) of 30-3,000 amgstroms with the volume occupied by pores with diameters of 0.8D-1.2D being at least 80% of the whole pore volume. The adsorption column can eliminate specific blood proteins by selective adsorption and is useful in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer, for instance.

Abstract: A process for separating a component from a feed blend comprising an aqueous solution of a mixture of different components, such as a blend of saccharides. In the process the blend is contacted with an adsorbent comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate and cation exchange resin mixture which selectively adsorbs a component from the feed blend. The adsorbed component is then recovered by contacting the adsorbent with a desorbent material such as water to effect the desorption of the adsorbed component from the adsorbent. There is an undesirable tendency for the silicon constituent of a crystalline aluminosilicate to dissolve in an aqueous system and for the volume of a cationic exchange resin to change with the ionic strength of an aqueous medium. The adsorbent of this invention is dispersed in a binder material comprising a water permeable organic polymer and the effect is a substantial reduction of the undesirable dissolution and volume changes.

Abstract: A device for detecting water in or for absorbing water from the bottom of a closed tank includes a closed envelope formed of a porous cover material. A filler material which absorbs water but not oil is placed into the envelope. A weighted member is inserted into the envelope along with the water absorbent material so that the envelope will sink to the bottom of the tank. The position of the envelope in the bottom of the tank depends on whether it is used for detecting or absorbing water. Usually these devices are used in closed tanks with openings of limited size. Once a device is used in the tank, it is important to be able to remove it through the tank opening. Preferably, the weighted member is a flat circular disc. The size and shape of the envelope and the amount of absorbent material used within it are such that when the material has completely absorbed as much water as it is capable of holding, the maximum size of the envelope does not exceed the maximum dimension of the weighted member.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating seminoble metals or noble metals from aqueous solutions having compounds of these metals dissolved therein, by reaction with yellow phosphorus. More particularly the aqueous solutions are contacted with carrier material having a yellow phosphorus coating applied thereto.It is possible for the aqueous solutions to be conveyed through a zone having the yellow phosphorus-coated carrier material placed therein, and for them to be subsequently conveyed through a further zone having uncoated carrier material placed therein.

Abstract: Lipin particles are removed from aqueous suspension by adsorption on hydrophilic macromolecules substituted with pendant hydrophobic groups. Particularly beneficial results are achieved by use of pendant hydrophobes linked by strongly ionogenic groups to water insoluble carriers.

Abstract: A dried, sterilized column containing a carrier-fixed .gamma.-globulin capable of specifically combining with various harmful substances found in blood of patients suffering from certain diseases and acting as an antibody. The .gamma.-globulin fixed column according to the present invention has a prolonged storage stability, and an excellent activity and safety even after the storage for a prolonged period of time as compared with unsterilized columns. Therefore, the .gamma.-globulin fixed column according to the present invention may be advantageously used for medical instrument applications.

Abstract: A cationic adsorption agent which is obtained by reaction of(a) an amino compound which contains at least one amino group and at least one free or methylolated carboxamide group, with(b) an aminoplast precondensate which does not contain amino groups.The novel adsorption agent is suitable in particular for removing anionic substances, such as acid dyes or reactive dyes, from aqueous solutions, especially from wastewaters.

Abstract: A method for the removal of hormones from whole human serum which comprises: contacting, at a pressure higher than 1 psi the serum with a composite sheet, the composite sheet comprising a matrix of self-bonding fibers having interdispersed therein carbon particles, such that better than 90% of the carbon particles have an average diameter less than about 50 microns; and recovering a whole human serum having substantially undetectable amounts of hormones. The method is particularly useful for the removal of thyroid hormones.

Abstract: Uranium is extracted from phosphoric acid with organophosphorus extractants supported or impregnated on polymeric resins, and especially macroreticular resins. Suitable extractants include mono and dialkylphenyl esters of phosphoric acid. Uranium may be stripped from the supported or impregnated resins with hotter or more concentrated phosphoric acid, optionally with oxidation to hexavalent form, or with aqueous fluoride solutions.

Abstract: This invention relates to equipment for rendering visible a specific metal charge of an ion exchanger comprising transparent viewing means, permeable container means behind said viewing means, and a mixture of chargeable resin particles and inert particles in said container means, said inert particles being lighter in weight than said resin particles when the latter are charged with metal ions. The invention also relates to a process for rendering visible a specific metal charge of an ion exchanger.

Abstract: An adsorbent, which has been prepared by mixing (a) one part by weight of (i) at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydrated ferrites of titanium, zirconium and tin or (ii) a mixture of the said hydrated ferrites(s) and at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydrated oxides of titanium, zirconium, tin and iron with (b) about 1/10 to 3 parts by weight of a thermosetting resin showing resistance to acids and alkalis such as an unsaturated polyester or polyurethane resin, followed by curing.The adsorbent can be used to adsorb a great variety of anions and cations and especially as an adsorbent for phosphate ions.The adsorbent shows excellent resistance to acids and alkalis, and can be subjected to repeated desorption and regeneration procedures without causing any deterioration of its adsorptive capacity, thus permitting its repeated usage over a long period of time.The adsorbent can be magnetically separated, and facilitates solid-liquid separation.

Abstract: Standard activated carbons have been commonly employed in the purification of contaminated glycol scrubbing solutions used in a liquid-liquid extraction process for the manufacture of petrochemicals. These carbons are shown to cause a depression of pH within the glycol stream when a new carbon type is installed or when the exhausted carbon is replaced. The use of a magnesite containing activated carbon minimizes this pH drop to acceptable levels.

Abstract: Preparations and uses are shown for novel crystalline aluminates which conform generally to the empirical formulaMgA.sub.a.sup.v Z.sub.b.sup.v.nAl(OH).sub.3.mH.sub.2 OwhereinA and Z represent negative-valence ions or radicals selected from the group comprising hydroxyl, halide, inorganic acid, and organic acid,n is a value of from about 1 to about 2,v is a negative valence of 1, 2, or 3,a and b each have values of from zero to 2, with (va)+(vb) equal to 2, and withm being a value of zero or more.

Abstract: Process for removing biorefractory compounds from contaminated water (e.g., oil shale retort waste-water) by contacting same with fragmented raw oil shale. Biorefractory removal is enhanced by preactivating the oil shale with at least one member of the group of carboxylic, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, amines, amides, sulfoxides, mixed ether-esters and nitriles. Further purification is obtained by stripping, followed by biodegradation and removal of the cells.

Abstract: A method for removing a pyrogen from a solution of a pyrogen-containing substance such as an amino acid, a nucleic acid base, an antibiotic, a hormone, a vitamin, an enzyme, an antibody or the like comprising contacting the solution with an adsorbent to adsorb the pyrogen, which is characterized in that the adsorbent comprises a water-insoluble carrier and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound of the formula:R--A--Xwherein R is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group; A is single bond, alkylene or alkenylene; X is hydrogen or a functional group; and the heterocyclic group and alkylene may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents, and the compound being bonded to the carrier directly or through a spacer.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing urea from blood wash fluids or blood fluids in which the fluids are treated with an organic solid containing at least one proton-containing secondary substituent group which masks and activates the aldehyde group and the fluids and the solid organic compound are separated.

Abstract: Adsorbate is removed from a liquid mixture using a vessel containing a side effluent exit port above a zone of adsorbent material and below a second zone of adsorbent material used to remove adsorbate from a reverse flow regenerating fluid.

Abstract: An improved process for separating a component from a feed mixture comprising an aqueous solution of a mixture of different components, such as a mixture of saccharides. In the process the mixture is contacted with an adsorbent comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate, which selectively adsorbs a component from the feed mixture. The adsorbed component is then recovered by contacting the adsorbent with a desorbent material such as water to effect the desorption of the adsorbed component from the adsorbent. There is an undesirable tendency for the silicon constituent of the crystalline aluminosilicate to dissolve in the aqueous system. The improvement to the adsorbent and process comprises the incorporation of a binder material in the adsorbent comprising cellulose acetate butyrate which substantially reduces the undesirable dissolution.

Abstract: An adsorbent, which is prepared by subjecting to curing a mixture consisting of (a) one part by weight of at least one member selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide hydrate, zirconium oxide hydrate and tin oxide hydrate and of (b) about 1/10 to 3 parts by weight of an epoxy, unsaturated polyester or polyurethane resin.The adsorbent can be used as an adsorbent for a great variety of anions and cations and especially as the adsorbent for phosphate ion.The adsorbent displays also improved chemical resistance, resistant to acids and alkalis, and can be subjected to repeated desorption and regeneration procedures without causing any deterioration of its adsorptive capacity, thus permitting the repeated usage over a long period of time.

Abstract: A method of recycling and purifying water-soluble cutting agents is disclosed. The used water-soluble cutting agent is recycled by filtering through an oil-water separating filter consisting of a porous sheet and an oil-water separating layer composed essentially of a water-insoluble and water absorbable gel layer, which is formed on a surface portion of the porous sheet and is adapted to be contacted with the cutting agent and/or surface portions of the porous sheet serving as flow path.

Abstract: A method of efficiently eliminating impurities, particularly of low molecular weight and low concentration, from electric insulating liquids by means of applying an electric field to the electric insulating liquid to charge the contaminant particles therefrom and then contacting the thus-treated liquid with at least one absorbent to remove the charged contaminant particles from said liquid by means of an absorbent having ion-radicals in its structure, such as zeolite, and then eliminating the rough particles therefrom by means such as a percolator, centrifuge or precipitation tank. In certain cases wherein a large amount of contaminants which interfere with the insulating properties of the electric insulating liquid are present, the electric insulating liquid is first heated and subsequently contacted with an absorbent prior to the step of applying an electric field to preliminarily remove contaminants therefrom.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved adsorbent comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate, method of manufacture of the adsorbent and improved process for separating a component from a feed mixture comprising an aqueous solution of a mixture of different components, such as a mixture of saccharides. In the process the mixture is contacted with the adsorbent, which selectively adsorbs a component from the feed mixture. The adsorbed component is then recovered by contacting the adsorbent with a desorbent material such as water to effect the desorption of the adsorbed component from the adsorbent. There is an undesirable tendency for the silicon constituent of the crystalline aluminosilicate to dissolve in the aqueous system. The improvement to the adsorbent and process comprises the incorporation of a binder material in the adsorbent comprising a cellulose ether which substantially reduces the undesirable dissolution.

Abstract: An improved adsorbent comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate, method of manufacture of the adsorbent and improved process for separating a component from a feed mixture comprising an aqueous solution of a mixture of different components, such as a mixture of saccharides. In the process the mixture is contacted with the adsorbent, which selectively adsorbs a component from the feed mixture. The adsorbed component is then recovered by contacting the adsorbent with a desorbent material such as water to effect the desorption of the adsorbed component from the adsorbent. There is an undesirable tendency for the silicon constituent of the crystalline aluminosilicate to dissolve in the aqueous system. The improvement to the adsorbent and process comprises the coating of the adsorbent with ethylcellulose which substantially reduces the undesirable dissolution.

Abstract: Ion exchange materials are prepared by retaining a vinyl monomer solution within the interstices of a fiber structure, such as a woven or non-woven fabric, polymerizing these monomers in the presence of an organic solvent sparingly soluble or totally insoluble in water to form a macroreticular polymer, and functionalizing the macroreticular polymer with an ion exchange functional group.

Abstract: An improved adsorbent comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate, method of manufacture of the adsorbent and improved process for separating a component from a feed mixture comprising an aqueous solution of a mixture of different components, such as a mixture of saccharides. In the process the mixture is contacted with the adsorbent, which selectively adsorbs a component from the feed mixture. The absorbed component is then recovered by contacting the adsorbent with a desorbent material such as water to effect the desorption of the adsorbed component from the adsorbent. There is an undesirable tendency for the silicon constituent of the crystalline aluminosilicate to dissolve in the aqueous system. The improvement to the adsorbent and process comprises the coating of the adsorbent with a water permeable organic polymer which substantially reduces the undesirable dissolution.

Abstract: A cationic adsorption agent which is obtained by reaction of(a) an amino compound which contains at least one amino group and at least one free or methylolated carboxamide group, with(b) an aminoplast precondensate which does not contain amino groups.The novel adsorption agent is suitable in particular for removing anionic substances, such as acid dyes or reactive dyes, from aqueous solutions, especially from wastewaters.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for water softening using less than approximately 20 micron diameter fine mesh magnetized ion exchange particles in columnar operation. The particles are formed by encapsulating a core of magnetic material in ion exchange resin. The particles are magnetized and disposed in a column where they attach to magnetic mesh retention means such as stainless steel wool. The design of the column permits use of the fine mesh ion exchange particles and their properties of rapid exchange rates and efficient utilization of resin capacity while avoiding prior art problems of plugging, fouling, and excessive pressure drop.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a: (a) material for adsorbing and recovering phenols which comprises as its main component a cross-linked polyvinylpyridine resin and (b) a method of recovering phenols using the above material.

Abstract: Functional magnetic particles are formed by dissolving a mucopolysaccharide such as chitosan in acidified aqueous solution containing a mixture of ferrous chloride and ferric chloride. As the pH of the solution is raised magnetite is formed in situ in the solution by raising the pH. The dissolved chitosan is a polyelectrolyte and forms micelles surrounding the granules at pH of 8-9. The chitosan precipitates on the granules to form microspheres containing the magnetic granules.On addition of the microspheres to waste aqueous streams containing dissolved ions, the hydroxyl and amine functionality of the chitosan forms chelates binding heavy metal cations such as lead, copper, and mercury and the chelates in turn bind anions such as nitrate, fluoride, phosphate and borate.

Abstract: Solid sorbents such as activated carbon and ion exchange resins are ballasted with finely divided particles of a non-corrosive, magnetic iron-chromium alloy to increase their effective specific gravity and to render them recoverable by magnetic means. The sorbents are used to selectively extract one or more constituents contained in a liquid as by contacting in a multi-stage fluidized bed.

Abstract: A hydrophilic, cellulose ester material that may be used as a filter or ion exchanger to sorb heavy metal ions, such as silver, mercury, lead, copper and cadmium, from aqueous solutions, the material having incorporated therein a high surface area zinc sulfide of at least 15 square meters per gram, and preferably at least 24 square meters per gram; and method for incorporating high surface area zinc oxide into a cellulose ester material by slurry process or solution process and converting the zinc oxide so incorporated into high surface area zinc sulfide; and product of the method.

Abstract: A method for recovering uranium ions from sea water utilizing an adsorbent atrix. The materials contained in the matrix comprise biologically recent humic acids. Matter which serves as carrier material for the humic acids is present in the dry state up to 99% by weight.

Abstract: Halogenated hydrocarbons, such as 1,1,1-trichloro-2, 2-bis(chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), are removed from aqueous media including waste water from chemical manufacturing operations by contacting the aqueous media with an effective amount of a polyolefinic microporous adsorbent, preferably in the form of a filter or cartridge.

Abstract: A process for removing cationic substances from an aqueous solution, which comprises bringing the solution into contact with a cellulose-containing material which has been chemically modified anionically and in which the anionic constituent is bonded to the cellulose moiety by a grouping of the general formula--O--CH.sub.2 --N<wherein the nitrogen belongs to an amide group of the anionic constituent and the oxygen atom is bonded to the cellulose.

Abstract: A column for removing poisons and/or other undesired substances from a liquid mixture. The column has a mixture of inactive filler particles and active granules positioned therein, with said filler particles being substantially larger than said active granules, (which are selected from adsorbing material and ion-exchanging material). The filler particles are in fixed contact relationship with each other and the active granules completely fill the spaces between the filler particles.

Abstract: Processes for making copolymers comprising treating a reaction mixture of a monomer and a substrate comprising ferromagnetic material located in a polymeric matrix so as to polymerize the monomer in a manner that it forms a polymeric shell grafted on to and surrounding the substrate, the polymerization of the monomer being initiated by adding the components of a redox system sequentially to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A method and filter bed for removing impurities from liquids wherein the filter bed comprises a mixture of treated filter aid material and an active particulate material having opposite surface charges in aqueous suspension. The filter aid material has been treated to produce the desired surface charge. The identity of the active particulate material depends on the application. Examples are organic polymeric absorbents, zeolites, bentonite, zirconium oxide, zirconium phosphate, activated alumina, ferrous sulfide, activated carbon and diatomaceous earth.