Abstract: A resist composition is provided comprising a base polymer and a quencher comprising a salt compound obtained from a nitrogen-containing compound having an iodized aromatic ring bonded to the nitrogen atom via a C1-C20 hydrocarbon group and a compound having a 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol group. The resist composition has a high sensitivity and forms a pattern with improved LWR or CDU, independent of whether it is of positive or negative tone.

Abstract: Methods for the removal of ionic contaminants from a hydrophilic organic solvent by a mixed bed of ion exchange resins are described. A mixed bed of ion exchange resins with gel-type strong-acid cationic ion exchange resin with a specific moisture holding capacity and gel-type anionic ion exchange resin is used in some embodiments of such methods.

Abstract: A system for storing and supplying water to an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle with a reservoir (1) for the water, with at least a delivery pump (5) for the water, and with at least a pipeline system comprising at least a feed line (4) to a consumer which is preferably designed in the form of at least a metering unit, and at least a return line (9) into the reservoir (1) as well as with means for demineralizing the water which are disposed inside the reservoir (1) or in the pipeline system.

Abstract: A system is provided for removal of undesirable dissolved substances from solutions containing two or more dissolved substances to produce one or more new solutions suitable for beneficial use. The system utilizes amphoteric media in a treatment cycle where dissolved substances from the concentrated solution are first adsorbed by the media and subsequently rinsed with water to desorb and collect the dissolved substances sequentially into dilute effluent streams the substances are either aggregated or segregated based upon differences in relative concentrations of dissolved substances that is a result of differences in the affinity of the media for the dissolved substances. One or more of the dilute effluent streams are treated with a desalination process to recover water for media rinse and to concentrate the separated dissolved substances to facilitate beneficial use or disposal.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a method of purifying nucleic acids where the operation is simple and the nucleic acids can be extracted in a short time with high efficiency. [Solving Means] A method of purifying nucleic acids including the step of adsorbing substances in a sample containing nucleic acids with an ion exchange resin 10 including a positive ion exchange resin and a negative ion exchange resin. As the positive ion exchange resin, a first positive ion exchange resin and a second positive ion exchange resin having an exclusion limit molecular weight lower than that of the first positive ion exchange resin may be used.

Abstract: A desalination apparatus is disclosed which uses a salt sponge unit to remove a majority of salt from water. A parallel plate capacitor can be connected after the salt sponge to remove remaining salt ions. The salt sponge is a nanoporous, high surface area carbon scaffold to which crown ethers are attached. A power supply is connected to the salt sponges for applying a bias voltage to regenerate the salt sponges. A chlorine treatment unit can be connected after the parallel plate capacitor. A method of purifying sea water using the apparatus also is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for recovering a corrosion preventive agent in an electrodischarge machining liquid supply apparatus. The method includes the step of passing a first electrodischarge machining liquid having a corrosion preventive agent added there to through, an ion exchange resin column to maintain a suitable specific resistance of the first liquid, and the step of passing a second liquid free from a corrosion preventive agent through the ion exchange resin column to desorb the corrosion preventive agent adsorbed in the ion exchange resin column. The second liquid is, for example, tap water or a machining liquid having a low corrosion preventive agent concentration. The corrosion preventive agent is, for example, adenine which is a purine base.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for separating a charged species from an aqueous system, wherein the process comprises the following steps: (a) a first aqueous system comprising the charged species is contacted at a first temperature with an ampholytic polymeric 5 system comprising cationic and anionic domains, wherein the charged species is bonded to the ampholytic polymeric system; and (b) the ampholytic polymeric system is contacted with a second aqueous system at a second temperature, wherein the charged species is released to the second aqueous system, wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature and wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature and wherein the second 10 temperature is less than 60° C.

Abstract: A method of preparing an aqueous sample for use in an analytical process, the sample comprising at least one water-soluble analyte derived from a foodstuff, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a solid-phase extraction cartridge comprising first and second sorbent materials arranged to absorb thereon different respective chemical components, the cartridge comprising a chamber containing the first and second sorbent materials and having an inlet and an outlet; (b) flowing through the inlet an aqueous sample comprising at least one water-soluble analyte derived from a foodstuff and impurities, thereby to dispose the sample within at least one of the first and second sorbent materials; (c) flowing through the inlet a washing liquid so as at least partially to separate the at least one water-soluble analyte and the impurities within the first and second sorbent materials; and (d) eluting the at least one water-soluble analyte from the outlet of the cartridge by flowing an elution liquid into the inle

Abstract: Disclosed are water treatment systems and methods that are characterized by reduced leaching of color-bearing material (i.e., color-bearing leachates) into effluent water. The disclosed systems and methods may include or utilize filtering systems comprising selected mixed ion-exchange resin beds of a strong acid sulfonated cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin.

Abstract: A water purifying unit generates pure water by eliminating impurity ions from dielectric fluid. A corrosion-protection-ion generating unit generates corrosion protection ions, substitutes predetermined cations for impurity cations contained in the dielectric fluid, and substitutes the corrosion protection ions for impurity anions contained in the dielectric fluid. A switching unit switches a supply of the dielectric fluid between the water purifying unit and the corrosion-protection-ion generating unit. A switching control unit controls the switching unit based on a conductivity of the dielectric fluid measured by a conductivity measuring unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and equipments for demineralizing condensate, aiming at achieving high-purity effluent quality with a low concentration of sulfate ions derived from organic impurities leaching from cation resins in the condensate treatment by condensate demineralizers in nuclear power plants. The present invention relates to a condensate demineralizer for demineralizing condensate in a nuclear power plant, comprising a mixed bed of a strongly acidic gel-type cation exchange resin and a uniform particle size strongly basic porous anion exchange resin.

Abstract: A process of separating suspended solids from a fermentation liquor by subjecting the liquor to a solids-liquid separation stage, wherein the fermentation liquor is produced in a fermentation process for the production of a fermentation product, and which liquor comprises lignin, wherein the solids-liquid separation stage is assisted by a treatment system, characterised in that the treatment system comprises an anionic polymer, with the proviso that the treatment system and does not include a cationic polymer having an intrinsic viscosity (IV) of at least 4 dl/g.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for performing condensate demineralization which are capable of producing a high-purity treated water containing low concentrations of sulfate ions and nitrate ions derived from TOC eluted from a cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin.

Abstract: A sorptive-filtration system for removing at least one of negatively or positively charged ions, complexes or particulates from an aqueous stream. The system includes a) flow formed substantially from at least one of rainfall-runoff or snowmelt-runoff; b) a filter containment communicating with the runoff stream such that at least part of the stream passes through the filter containment; and c) a granular filter media disposed within the filter containment, the filter media having an amphoteric material applied thereto, wherein the amphoteric material comprises a metal selected from at least one of Fe, Al, Mn, or Si.

Abstract: A method of removing impurities from a urea solution comprising contacting the aqueous solution with an ion exchange resin and adsorbing the impurities from the urea solution, and the system therefore.

Abstract: A method for a cation-exchange resin wherein a strongly acidic cation-exchange resin is contacted with an aqueous eluting solution and the polystyrenesulfonic acid being eluted from this resin is measured, which comprises setting a plurality of molecular weight ranges in the molecular weight distribution of the polystyrenesulfonic acid eluted, and evaluating the performance capability of the cation-exchange resin based on the correspondence relationship of each molecular weight range with the amount eluted in said each molecular weight range. The evaluation method allows on-target and precise evaluation of the performance capability of a cation-exchange resin being independent of the structure of a base resin and the circumstance under which it is used, which leads to the determination of the optimum time for the exchange of a resin in a water treatment system using a cation-exchange resin, and thus to the extension of exchange of a resin and the reduction of an operation cost for the system.

Abstract: After passing alcoholic liquors 20 through an HSO3 type strongly basic anion exchange resin layer 14, or after adding an HSO3 salt to alcoholic liquors; the alcoholic liquors are passed through a mixed bed layer 18 containing of an H type strongly acidic cation exchange resin and a free base type weakly basic anion exchange resin, or the alcoholic liquors are successively passed through an H type strongly acidic cation exchange resin layer and a free base type weakly basic anion exchange resin layer. According to this way, it is possible to remove aldehydes and inorganic salts from alcoholic liquors such as brewed alcoholic liquors and distilled alcoholic liquors, while strongly retaining a peculiar fragrance or retaining a manneristic flavor.

Abstract: A water treatment device and method for treating a quantity of water is powered by gravitational flow. The device includes an upper collecting chamber (14) and a filtration chamber (18). The filtration chamber includes a set of reactance containg at least three components wherein one of the components is a polycation and another one of the components is a polyanion. The method includes subjecting the water to gravitational flow through the filtration chamber (18).

Abstract: A process for the production of dual-functional ion exchange resins from lignocellulosic agricultural material involving anionization of the lignocellulosic agricultural material with citric acid and then cationization of the lignocellulosic agricultural material with dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) and choline chloride, or cationization of the lignocellulosic agricultural material with DMDHEU and choline chloride and then anionization of the lignocellulosic agricultural material with citric acid.

Abstract: Method for the removal of a substance from an aqueous liquid by ion exchange comprising providing a liquid with said substance is present; providing an adsorption matrix which comprises at least two different ligands; contacting the liquid with the matrix under a period of time and conditions sufficient to allow adsorption of the substance to the matrix; and adding an eluent that desorbs the substance from the matrix. Each one of the ligands interacts with the substance during the adsorption step, and at least one of the ligands is charged and capable of ionic interaction with the substance. The method can be run as a cation or anion exchange. The substance desorption can be performed by adding an eluent comprising an increasing ionic strength. The invention also encompasses an adsorbent comprising at least two structurally different ligands, which interact with the same kind of substance when used in a separation procedure.

Abstract: A fiber capable of forming a metal chelate and a process for producing the same are disclosed, wherein the fiber is characterized in that at least one metal chelate-forming compound selected from the group consisting of aminocarboxylic acid, aminocarboxylic acid, thiocarboxylic acid and phosphoric acid, which are reactive with a glycidyl group, is bonded to a molecule of a synthetic fiber through a crosslinkable compound having a reactive double bond and a glycidyl group in its molecule. The chelate-forming fiber is excellent in capturing harmful heavy metal ions and can be easily produced in a simple and safe way at a low cost.

Abstract: Systems for removing arsenic from water by addition of inexpensive and commonly available magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium oxide, or calcium hydroxide to the water. The hydroxide has a strong chemical affinity for arsenic and rapidly adsorbs arsenic, even in the presence of carbonate in the water. Simple and commercially available mechanical systems for removal of magnesium hydroxide particles with adsorbed arsenic from drinking water can be used, including filtration, dissolved air flotation, vortex separation, or centrifugal separation. A system for continuous removal of arsenic from water is provided. Also provided is a system for concentrating arsenic in a water sample to facilitate quantification of arsenic, by means of magnesium or calcium hydroxide adsorption.

Abstract: A filter sheet is provided which comprises a self-supporting fibrous matrix having immobilized therein particulate filter aid and particulate ion exchange resin, wherein said particulate filter aid and particulate ion exchange resin are distributed substantially uniformly throughout a cross-section of said matrix. A process for removing ionic impurities from a photoresist solution is also provided which comprises passing the photoresist solution through said filter sheet to remove ionic impurities therefrom.

Abstract: A device for treating potable water contains a mixed buffer of a cation exchange resin in the hydrogen ion form and an anion exchange resin, a chelating agent and a sparingly soluble calcium salt, all contained in a porous, flow-through bag.

Abstract: A method for purifying contaminated water involves passing contaminated water through a porous bed of steel slag. The steel slag can be used to remove various contaminants or reduce the concentration of such contaminants, such as heavy metals (for example, hexavalent chromium), chlorinated organic compounds, and certain inorganic anions. The method preferably involves placing an underground barrier of a porous bed of steel slag in a flow path of contaminated groundwater then allowing contaminated groundwater to pass through the barrier to purify the contaminated groundwater. The slag particles may be used as produced with no further grinding necessary, although the slag may be passed through a sieve or sieves to obtain a set of slag particles having a median diameter of about ⅛ inch to 1 inch, and preferably between about ¼ inch to ⅜ inch. Due to the inherent permeability of slag, no additive need be mixed with the slag.

Abstract: A filter sheet is provided which comprises a self-supporting fibrous matrix having immobilized therein particulate filter aid and particulate ion exchange resin, wherein said particulate filter aid and particulate ion exchange resin are distributed substantially uniformly throughout a cross-section of said matrix. A process for removing ionic impurities from a photoresist solution is also provided which comprises passing the photoresist solution through said filter sheet to remove ionic impurities therefrom.

Abstract: A water treatment module and process for treating power plant condensate water utilizing a sulfonated ion exchange resin comprising copolymer beads having an interpenetrating polymer network of at least two polymer components wherein at least one of the polymer components is derived from a monomer mixture having a styrenic content less than about 80 molar percent. In one preferred embodiment the multiple polymer components include: (i) a first polymer component derived from a first monomer mixture comprising a monovinylidene monomer having a styrenic content less than about 50 molar percent and (ii) a second polymer component derived from a second monomer mixture comprising: a second monovinylidene monomer having a styrenic content greater than about 50 molar percent and a crosslinking agent. The ratio of the molar percent crosslinking agent of the first polymer component to the second polymer component is less than about 0.7.

Abstract: In a process for the partial desalination of water, especially of drinking water, with a mixture of weakly acid cation exchangers and strongly basic anion exchangers, whereby the charged ion exchangers are regenerated by CO.sub.2 -containing water, if required, with the addition of CaCO.sub.3, CaCO.sub.3 /MgO, Ca(OH).sub.2 or the like. Simultaneous with the partial desalination, the organic carbon compounds present in the water are reduced, whereby the charged ion exchangers are intermittently regenerated with HCl, NaCl, NaOH, or a mixture of NaCl and NaOH.

Abstract: A portable point of use water decontaminating unit adapted to receive a flow of water from a faucet or other water source and pass the water through a filtering and decontaminating system to deliver the water as a continuous flow to an outlet. There is a pressure regulator to deliver the water at a proper volumetric flow rate, a pre-disinfectant filter system to receive the water from the pressure regulator and a post disinfectant filter section to filter the disinfectant and contaminants from the water. There is a disinfectant section comprising a disinfectant injector, and an elongate residence tube extending in successive coils around the interior of the container to receive the water from the disinfectant injection means and accomplish disinfection as the water travels through the residence tube.

Abstract: A liquid filtering system in machine tools which uses, in a recycling circuit, a work tank, a dirty liquid tank, a filter and a clean liquid tank in which water of a very low conductivity is used and adding at least one ferric oxide flocculent based on a polyelectrolyte polymer to the low conductivity water.

Abstract: A process for producing a water insoluble, aqueous alkali soluble, film forming novolak resin having low metal ions, made by the fractionation of a phenol formaldehyde condensation product, a process for producing a resin a photoresist composition of superior quality containing such novolak resin, and a method for producing a semiconductor device using such photoresist composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for solutions having a very low level of metal ions, utilizing a specially designed Ion Exchange Pack. A method is also provided for producing photoresist composition having a very low level of metal ions from novolak resins purified in a process using such an Ion Exchange Pack.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing pure water having a total organic carbon content of not more than 200 ppb instantly after start of the operation of a high purity water system, comprising using as an ion exchange resin a specific strongly basic anion exchange resin and passing raw water through the high purity water system at a space velocity of not less than 20. The produced pure water is capable of producing tasteless and odorless pure water instantly after start of the operation of the high purity water system.

Abstract: An ion-exchanged purified water having an odor substance generated from a double bed type purified water producing apparatus and a mix bed type purified water producing apparatus is flowed through a hydrogen type weak acid cation exchange resin to obtain an odor-free refined purified water. Moreover, an original water is passed through a single ion-exchange tower in which a mix resin layer of a regenerated mix bed type purified water producing portion is arranged at an upper portion and a hydrogen type strong acid cation exchange resin of a polisher portion is arranged at a lower portion, so that an odor substance in the ion-exchanged purified water generated from the mix bed type purified water producing portion is removed by the polisher portion and the odor-free purified water is obtained.

Abstract: A process using an amphoteric ion-exchange resin, also known as a "snake-cage polyelectrolyte" resin separates kraft white liquor into sulphide-rich and caustic-rich components. The sulphide-rich component can be used in the initial stage of pulping, pretreatment of wood chips prior to pulping, or it can be used to make polysulphide-rich liquor. The caustic-rich component can be used in the final delignification phase, in place of sodium hydroxide or white liquor in oxygen delignification, pH adjustment and flue gas scrubbing. The same system can be used to separate green and polysulphide liquors into sulphide-rich and sulphide-poor components, and to remove sulphide from other mill caustic streams contaminated with sulphide.

Abstract: Sodium chloride is removed from pulping chemicals used in a Kraft pulping process by the use of a snake-cage polyelectrolyte ion exchange resin, coupled with removal of sulfide prior to treatment, or treatment of chemicals which are already low in sulfide. In one aspect of the invention, dust is collected from exhaust gases produced in the black liquor recovery cycle and is dissolved in water to produce a solution containing sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. The solution is filtered to yield a solid product and a filtrate solution. The filtrate solution is fed to an ion exchange unit which removes chloride and produces a purified sodium sulfate product. The sodium chloride is removed from the ion exchange resin by water elution, and useful recovered chemicals are recycled to the recovery cycle of the Kraft process.

Abstract: A composite adsorbent element comprising a packed mixture of granules and fibers, which are desirably granular activated carbon (GAC) and activated carbon fiber (ACF). The element is employed as a filter for purifying tap water. In the composite adsorbent element the activated carbon fibers fill the spaces between the activated carbon granules. The size and relative amounts of the GAC and ACF are designed to enable water treatment to remove impurities from water more rapidly than conventional filters using granular activated carbon.

Abstract: A method for treating water in a Boiling Water Reactor system including filtration through a four component system including ion exchange resins and an inert fiber is provided, as well as a method for preparing and depositing the filter compounds. The method overcomes problems of plugging and trimethylamine release, and allows for better absorption of iron oxides present in BWR condensate, while reducing the amount of radioactive waste material to be disposed of.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously separating ion exchange resin particles with upwardly flowing carrier fluid. The apparatus includes a first vertically oriented separation vessel and a first collection vessel for receiving the first fraction of resin particles from the upper zone of the first separation vessel. A first rejuvenation tank is connected to the first collection vessel for receiving the first fraction of resin particles from the first collection vessel. In the preferred embodiment, the apparatus further includes a second vertically oriented separation vessel and a second collection vessel for receiving the first sub-fraction of the second fraction of resin particles from the upper zone of the second separation vessel.

Abstract: The invention is for a process of removing dissolved heavy metal cation contaminants from an organic solution. The process of the invention involves providing a mixture of a chelating ion exchange resin modified by removal of sodium ions therefrom and an anion exchange resin and contacting said organic solution with said exchange resins for a time sufficient to remove ionic metal impurities and acids. The invention is useful for removal of ionic contaminants from organic solutions requiring high purity.

Abstract: The invention is a process of removing metal ion contaminants from an organic solution, especially one having acid labile components. The process comprises modifying a cationic exchange resin by treatment with ammonia or amine and contacting said modified ion exchange resin with an organic solution containing metal ion contaminants. The process is especially useful for treating photoresist compositions.

Abstract: Raw water is made acidic so that the pH is not more than 4.5 and heated in the presence of an oxidizing agent to decompose TOC components in the raw water, and then deionized, thereby producing ultrapure water having a greatly low concentration of organic matters.

Abstract: A method and kit for chemically rendering saline water safe to drink is disclosed. The kit includes a chemical reactant which on contact with the saline water is operable to bond with free sodium and chloride ions in the water and exchange therefore, carbonate, bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The substituted carbonate, bicarbonate and hydrogen ions combining to form biologically safe water and carbon dioxide molecules.

Abstract: The invention is for a process of removal of ionic contaminants from an organic solution. The process of the invention involves providing a mixed ion exchange resin modified by contact with an ammonium salt of a weak organic acid and contacting said organic solution with said modified exchange resin for a time sufficient to remove ionic impurities therefrom. The invention is useful for removal of ionic contaminants from organic solutions requiring high purity for use.

Abstract: A process for the purification of an organic solution containing an acid labile material. The process comprises contact of the organic solution with a combination of a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin. The cation exchange resin has weak acidic groups to reduce attack on the acid labile material within the organic solution. The anion exchange resin preferably has hydroxide exchange groups. The combination of exchange resins yields counter-ions that form water in the solution treated upon contact with the solution with the exchange resin mixture.

Abstract: The improved organic polymeric adsorbent is used to adsorb and remove suspended impurities present in trace amounts in the water being treated in an apparatus for producing ultrapure water for use in the semiconductor industry or in a condensate purifier in steam power generating facilities and it is composed of a particulate or powdered cation exchange resin and/or anion exchange resin. The improvement is that this adsorbent has such a surface layer structure and morphology that granules are seen to bind with one another when examined under a scanning electron microscope in a field of view ranging from a magnification of 50 to 200,000. The adsorbent may be used as the constituent of a packing layer and/or a filter layer to make a material for removing suspended impurities.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for removing metal oxides and colloidal material from high-resistivity water streams at a relatively high removal efficiency. The method includes hydrating a highly ionized dual morphology ion exchange resin in a macroreticular, desiccated morphology to produce a macroreticular, hydrated morphology. A water stream which is brought into contact with the resin is purified. The water stream may, optionally, also be contacted with both a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin.The invention additionally provides a method for selecting ion exchange resins which are particularly suited for use in removing metal oxides from a condensate stream. The method serves to narrow the field of candidates for pilot-scale resin testing with industrial water streams.

Abstract: Water is purified to reduce pollution to less than 0.3%, by mixing re-generated and non re-generated anion and cation resins, followed by appropriate final mixing of both when re-generated, for further use.

Abstract: A method of mixed-bed filtration and demineralization for removing suspended impurities from the primary cooling water in a power plant by means of a demineralizer having a mixed bed formed of a particulate cation and anion exchange resin that have such a surface layer structure that granules are seen to bind with one another under microscopic examination, being able to be operated in a safe and yet economical manner by virtue of established conditions for operating processes, such as regeneration of the demineralizer by backwashing and by passage of chemicals and also, replacement of the demineralizer.