Abstract: Furfural is separated from a dilute aqueous solution by contacting the solution with a polymer adsorbent which comprises porous crosslinked copolymers of styrene and derivatives thereof, having an internal surface area greater than 30 m.sup.2 /g and subsequently desorbing furfural from the adsorbent through contact with an alcohol containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Branched beta cyclodextrins are purified and separated sequentially from solution by passing a solution containing branched beta cyclodextrins through a column containing a matrix on which an inclusion compound has been bound. The process is carried out under ambient conditions at a neutral pH.

Abstract: Anaphylatoxin adsorbing perfluorinated tetrafluoroethylene copolymer containing acid or selected acid derivative functionality, and process and means for the use thereof.

Abstract: Thiamine monophosphate is separated from a solution of thiamine phosphates containing thiamine monophosphate and cocarboxylase and having a pH of 2-7 by using a cation exchanger resin having a pK.sub.a of 1.0-4.5.

Abstract: A method of removing undesirable material from water-soluble polysaccharide ethers, such as water-soluble cellulose ethers, via contact of an aqueous solution of the water-soluble polysaccharide ether with an anion exchange resin. Anion exchange resins that are useful in the invention are derived from epoxy resin polymers, acrylic based copolymers or a copolymer of styrene-divinylbenzene. The method significantly reduces the amount of colored bodies in the polysaccharide ether.

Abstract: A material adapted for use as a stationary phase in chromatographic processes for adsorbing metal ions, comprising:a linear alternating polymer of carbon monoxide and at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Water or gas containing organic impurities is purified by contact with a poly(trialkylsilylpropyne), such as poly[1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne], operating as a bulk absorbent. Regeneration of the absorbent can be by vacuum or a stream of air.

Abstract: A process for removing from electrocoating baths impurities which cause surface defects.The invention relates to a process for removing from electrocoating baths impurities which cause surface defects, wherein the electrocoating paint, in addition to the purification operations which are already conventional, is filtered without pressure through an adsorbent which adsorbs hydrophobic substances having a surface tension.ltoreq.35 mN/m--preferably homopolymers or copolymers of ethylene, propylene, but-1-ene or but-2-ene, which, if appropriate, contain further nonpolar comonomers.

Abstract: A body fluid purification method which comprises passing the body fluid through an apparatus for purifying a body fluid by removing micro-aggregates, histamine, etc, from the body fluid. This apparatus comprises a housing constituting a body fluid flow path, and a filter consisting of activated carbon fiber prepared by baking novoloid filber in steam, the filter being transversely arranged in the housing so as to cross body fluid the flow path.

Abstract: An improved unit for removal of tannin and lignin from water is disclosed, which features a cylindrical tank containing a tannin/lignin-adsorbing resin bed and a distributor tube/water distributor assembly. The assembly comprises a distributor tube extending from an orifice in the upper portion of the tank to a lower distributor assembly, and a riser tube having an open end disposed near the lower distributor assembly and communicating with an upper distributor located beneath the surface of the resin. A water flow restrictor is provided in the lower distributor assembly, such that when water is passed downwardly through the distributor tube in a backwash mode, some of the water is injected into the riser tube. This causes the backwash water to flow into the resin bed at its lower portion and to carry resin up through the riser tube to the upper portion of the resin bed.

Abstract: A method for regenerating a carbon slurry used to produce a black matrix-type phosphor screen of a cathode ray tube is disclosed, in which excess carbon slurry is collected after the completion of a carbon-coating process onto a cathode ray tube panel. This collected carbon slurry is regenerated by means of an ion-exchange resin.

Abstract: Gamma cyclodextrin is separated and purified by a process that first precipitates the gamma cyclodextrin from solution using a gamma cyclodextrin complexant followed by a step of removing the complexant from the precipitate and then passing the resulting solution containing the gamma cyclodextrin through a chromatographic material from which the gamma cyclodextrin is eluted.

Abstract: A carbonyl groups containing macromolecular material which is suitable for use as a sorbent for ammonia, urea or amino compounds. It contains structural units having 3 or more, optionally hydrated vicinal carbonyl groups, preferably keto groups, the C-atoms of which may form part of a ring structure. Particularly, the ring structure contains 5-7 C-atoms, and at least 2 ring atoms may form part of an aromatic ring system. The starting material used may be made of a polymer of the same type as that used in the manufacture of ion exchange resins. The carbonyl group containing unit may form part of an independent compound, e.g., ninhydrin which may be physically bonded to the macromolecular material, but is preferably covalently bonded thereto.

Abstract: A process for purifying a waste effluent from the bleaching of wood pulp by contacting the effluent with an adsorbent resin, wherein the adsorbent resin is a macroporous copolymer being post-crosslinked in a swollen state in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst and functionalized with hydrophilic groups prior to contact with the waste effluent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and to absorbent material for isolating coagulation factors, including FVIII and vWF, from the example blood plasma and plasma products by means of liquid chromatography. The adsorbent material comprises a polymeric carrier to which amino groups are linked as ligands through spacers. The spacers have a chain length of at least 6 atoms and contain at least one hydrophilic link within the chain. The spacers preferably have the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --CO--NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- wherein m and n each represent an integer of 1-6 and m+n is at least 4. The spacers are preferably linked to the carrier through --CO--NH-- groups. The ligand density in the absorbent material is preferably higher than 30 umoles/ml of swollen matrix.

Abstract: A carbonaceous absorbent to be used for the removal of a pyrogen dissolved in water is disclosed. The absorbent is obtained by carbonizing porous beads of a cross-linked polymer. This absorbent is favorably used for the removal of endotoxin in the production of pure water from deionized water resulting from the treatment with iron-exchange resins.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to compositions characterized as porous solids on the surfaces of which thin films of chitinous material are dispersed, and to a process employing chitin per se, and preferably the chitin coated compositions, supra, as contact masses for the removal of metals contaminants, or halogenated organic compounds, from liquid streams contaminated or polluted with these materials.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for secondary purification and stabilization of liquids containing polyphenols and/or proteins. The liquid to be treated is first subjected to a centrifuge, or similar apparatus, which performs the primary purification of the liquid. The treated liquid is then mixed with stabilizing means that adsorb the polyphenols and proteins and filter means that retain the fine turbidities contained within the liquid. The liquid mixture is then transferred to an alluvial filter apparatus in laminar flow wherein the filter means and stabilization means along with the adsorbed polyphenols and proteins form a filter cake. The purified liquid is then transported to subsequent treatment while the filter cake is subsequently treated with a solution which dissolves the polyphenols and protein thereby regenerating the stabilization means and the filter means.

Abstract: A method for separating and purifying cyclodextrins is disclosed. This method is also able to sequentially separate alpha, beta and gamma cyclodextrins. The method entails forming a matrix with an inclusion compound bound thereto and passing an aqueous solution containing cyclodextrin through the matrix and eluting the cyclodextrins in a sequential order. The inclusion compound bound to the matrix determines the order in which the cyclodextrins are eluted.

Abstract: Chelating agents on which metals such as uranium have been adsorbed are brought into contact with an eluent of aqueous solution containing reducing agents and basic compounds, until the metals are eluted. The elution is effected with large speed without degradation of the chelating agents. Preferred chelating agents are rather stable under basic conditions but not under acidic conditions, for example, those having .dbd.NOH group in their molecules. The reducing agents and basic compounds in the eluent are, for example, sulfurous acid or salts thereof and sodium hydroxide, respectively.

Abstract: A method of removing organic impurities from an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, which comprises bringing an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide containing organic impurities into contact with a halogen-containing porous resin having a true specific gravity in the wet state of 1.1 to 1.3.

Abstract: This support is constituted by a crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, whereof at least part of the --OH groups have been replaced by --OSO.sub.3 H groups. The crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel comprises 70 to 95% by weight of chains derived from polyvinyl alcohol and 5 to 30% by weight of chains derived from crosslinking monomers, such as triethylene glycol diacrylate and tetraethylene glycol triacrylate.These supports can be used for the ex-vivo purification of the blood plasma in pocket 31 or 33.

Abstract: A novel process for the isolation and purification of vancomycin class antibiotics which utilized affinity chromatography by the formation of a sorption complex between the antibiotic and an immobilizing ligand selected from -D-alanyl-D-alanine or -X-D-alanyl-D-alanine, wherein X is an amino acid radical and the novel affinity chromatography sorbent employed therein are disclosed.

Abstract: A device and related method for use in defoaming and/or removing certain impurities from a fluid stream is disclosed. The device comprises a housing having an inlet and an outlet, and a filter media disposed between the inlet and outlet comprising a fat-absorbing, nonionic hydrophobic resin. A filter sock for retaining the filter media is disposed in the housing between the inlet and the outlet. The filter above described can be used to remove lipids and other materials from the fluid stream, or alternatively, can be treated with a fatty acid and used to defoam the fluid stream.

Abstract: Conjugate monomers, polymers, and methods for the de novo synthesis of the polymers are provided. Conjugate organic monomers contain binding-pair members which upon polymerization become integrally associated with the resultant polymer. Specifically, antigens, antibodies, receptors, and ligands may be bound to organic monomers either directly by chemical reaction or indirectly by chemical spacer arms, and these conjugates may be polymerized or copolymerized with nonderivatized monomers to form polymers containing variable amounts of the binding-pair members. Such conjugate monomers and polymers find a wide variety of uses in binding to their binding-pair-member cognate which include selective removal of complementary binding-pair members from solution as well as in immunoassay procedures and in immunization regimes.

Abstract: Mixtures of water with water-miscible solvent(s) containing suspended, emulsified and/or colloidal impurities are purified by contacting the water-solvent mixture with an at least partially open celled foam containing 1-75 weight percent active pulverulent additives. The liquid and solid phases are then separated. The active pulverulent additives which may be incorporated into the foam by means of a binder or by incorporation in the reactants used to form the foam include active coals, brown coal dust, peat, iron oxides and brown coal coke dust.

Abstract: A method of adsorbing a substance such as an optically active substance, comprising contacting a solution of the substance in a solvent with an adsorbent consisting of a cross-linked polymer comprising an optically active, synthetic poly(amino acid) represent by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R stands for an organic group, R' stands for hydrogen or an alkyl group an n is an integer of at least 5, which may be protected at a terminal amino group and a carrier polymer supporting said synthetic poly(amino acid) thereon, said carrier polymer having affinity for said solvent. A method for producing the cross-linked polymer is also described. The adsorbent is especially useful for optical resolution of racemic mixtures.

Abstract: For the purpose of increasing the efficiency during drying of brown coals having a high water content and for the purpose of facilitating the purification of process waste water resulting in a drying process according to Fleissner it is proposed to spray hot water onto the raw coal and to separate the proportion in fine grain having a maximum grain size of 5 mm, preferably of 1 mm. In the following, the proportion in fine grain is subjected to an adsorption stage (5), noting that after a reaction time of at least 1 min, preferably of 2 to 5 min, a major portion of the soluble substances burdening the waste water becomes adsorbed on this fine grain. Subsequently, the waste water is further purified after a flocculating step in a flocculating reactor (6) and after a separating step (8) for separating solid matter, for which purpose can be used sand filters (10), adsorbing resins and activated carbon.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a high molecular composite material, which comprises as one component thereof a water insolubilized homopolymer of at least one monomer selected from specific N-alkyl- or N-alkylene-substituted (meth)acrylamides, a second copolymer of said at least one monomer with one or more monomers other than the (meth)acrylamides and copolymerizable therewith, or a water-insolubilized product of the homopolymer or either first or second copolymer. The water-insoluble product can form, with a low or high molecular compound containing one or more active hydrogen or hydrophobic groups, a composite material which may be applied widely for absorbing and desorbing a variety of valuable synthetic compounds and natural matter.

Abstract: A method for decontaminating blood uses an adsorber prepared by forming a porous membrane containing an adsorbent in the form of powder or fine particles on a support is suitable for removing harmful soluble substances contained in blood. The adsorber has a high rate of adsorbtion, and does not readily shed the fine particles of the adsorbent material. In order to attain these features, it is necessary to set the thickness of the porous membrane within a specified range.

Abstract: A method for removing polychlorinated biphenyl compounds from water is disclosed. The method encompasses the use of a cyclodextrin polymer made by forming a water-insoluble cross-linked cyclodextrin polymer to treat water contaminated with the polychlorinated biphenyl compounds. Both a batch and a continuous method are disclosed. Both methods operate at ambient conditions. Additionally, a method to absorb the polychlorinated biphenyl is disclosed.

Abstract: A modified silica material which comprises silica covalently bonded to a synthetic polymer, the synthetic polymer being made from (a) a polymerizable compound capable of being covalently coupled directly to said silica, and (b) one or more polymerizable compounds containing (i) an ionizable chemical group, (ii) a chemical group capable of transformation to an ionizable chemical group, (iii) a chemical group capable of causing the covalent coupling of the compound (b) to an affinity ligand or a biologically active molecule or (iv) a hydrophobic compound.

Abstract: An adsorbent for .beta..sub.2 -microglobulin and immunoglobulin L-chain suitable for use in an extracorporeal circulation treatment, which comprises a porous water-insoluble carrier and a compound immobilized onto said carrier, said compound satisfying that the value of log P, in which P is a partition coefficient in an octanol-water system, is not less than 2.5. The adsorbent is inexpensive, and efficiently adsorb and remove .beta..sub.2 -microglobulin and immunoglobulin L-chain contained in a body fluid.

Abstract: A urea adsorbent and a method for its production are disclosed, the adsorbent comprising hollow microspheres each having an outer layer formed of a urea-permeable polymer and an inner layer formed of a polymer containing a polyoxyalkylene glycol derivative expressed by the following formula:--(CH.sub.2).sub.n -O--.sub.m Rwherein R stands for hydrogen or a methyl group and n is an integer of 2-5 and m is an integer of at least 3. The adsorbent can selectively adsorb urea with a high adsorbing activity and does not interact with other substances than urea and, therefore, is useful as a artificial kidney. The adsorbent may be prepared by subjecting a w/o/w type emulsion to polymerization wherein a radical polymerizable polyoxyalkylene glycol derivative is dissolved in the inner aqueous phase of the emulsion and an oil-soluble radical polymerizable monomer is used as the outer oil phase.

Abstract: The use of a bath containing the same antimicrobial agent as that previously incorporated in a fiber permits the antimicrobial concentration in the fiber to be controlled when the fiber is processed through liquid media such as dye baths and the like.

Abstract: A process for forming a purified solute from an aqueous solution is provided whereby a mixture of an extractant, a hydrate former and the aqueous solution is first formed. The hydrate former forms a hydrate with water while the solute does not form a hydrate. The extractant takes up the solute from the aqueous solution. The mixture is subjected to a temperature and pressure sufficient to form the solid hydrate of the hydrate former, an aqueous solution of the solute and a portion comprising the extractant containing the solute. The solute is recovered from the portion comprising the extractant and the solute.

Abstract: A urea adsorbent and a method for its production are disclosed, the adsorbent comprising hollow microspheres each having an outer layer formed of a urea-permeable polymer and an inner layer formed of a polymer containing a polyoxyalkylene glycol derivative expressed by the following formula:--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --O--.sub.m Rwherein R stands for hydrogen or a methyl group and n is an integer of 2-5 and m is an integer of at least 3. The adsorbent can selectively adsorb urea with a high adsorbing activity and does not interact with other substances than urea and, therefore, is useful as an artificial kidney.The adsorbent may be prepared by subjecting a w/o/w type emulsion to polymerization wherein a radical polymerizable polyoxyalkylene glycol derivative is dissolved in the inner aqueous phase of the emulsion and an oil-soluble radical polymerizable monomer is used as the outer oil phase.

Abstract: An apparatus for effecting filtration, clarification and purification of liquid which comprises a housing containing a filter element made up of a plurality of layers of adsorbent material, comprising a porous, non-woven fibrous matrix in which is included an adsorbing agent for removing dissolved or suspended matter from the liquid, and a plurality of layers of liquid-permeable material. The layers of adsorbent material and liquid-permeable material are interdigitated in a stack between liquid impervious walls, and the flow of liquid through the filter element is along path generally parallel to the confronting surfaces of the layers of adsorbent material and liquid-permeable material. A process for removing dissolved, suspended or particulate matter from a liquid containing same, utilizing the filter apparatus, is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns the purification of impure aqueous hydrazine hydrate solutions by treating the hydrazine hydrate solution by means of a solid absorbent material consisting of microporous particles whose mean granulometry is smaller than 5 mm.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the method for producing a biocompatible layer on the surface of particles of porous synthetic sorbents.An object of the invention consists in the method for producing a biocompatible layer on the surface of particles of porous synthetic sorbents by action of a solution of biocompatible polymer of acrylate or methacrylate type, or of its monomer in the presence of polymerization initiators, on a suspension of sorbent, which is agitated with steam.The method according to the invention renders a material, the sorption capacity of which is entirely retained. This is due to water, which remains enclosed in the pores of sorbent and enables the sorption of toxins also inside the gel particles. In addition, steam can be prepared completely apyrogenic and thus to secure that the sorbents remain clean inside. Clinical tests reveal that the sorbents coated by the method according to the invention have an excellent hemocompatibility.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymeric iron chelators based upon hydroxamic acids having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or lower alkyl. The present compound is useful for the treatment of iron overload disorders particularly arising from iron poisoning and the disease .beta.-thalassemia otherwise known as Cooley's Anemia. The polymeric hydroxamic acids of the present invention exhibit high selectivity for iron, good water solubility for both the chelator and its iron complex, low toxicity and, most significantly, increased bioactivity, i.e., the ability to remove iron in vivo.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the de novo synthesis of antibody-containing polymers and the preparation of a class of polymerizable compounds used in the synthesis of such antibody-containing polymers. Antibody-containing polymers formed from monomer/antibody conjugates and nonderivatized polymerizable compounds can be varied in formation of the polymer to provide control of (a) molecular spacing, steric accessibility and the number of antibody molecules that are integrally incorporated into the polymer backbone, and (b) the chemical and physical structure of the polymer itself, thus enabling specific tailoring of antibody-containing polymers for particular end-use application. Also disclosed is a method for the selective removal of a compound from a solution or suspension thereof using monomer/receptor conjugates where the compound has the capacity to bind to the receptor in the conjugate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating and recovering a color developing solution from a color photographic processing solution with the aid of a cation exchange resin are disclosed. Said solution has a pH of not higher than 8.0 and is brought into contact with a cation exchange resin, which is in turn brought into contact with an alkali solution having a pH of not lower than 9.0.

Abstract: Lewis acid and oxidant impurities are removed from inert fluids by contacting with a high capacity macroreticulate polymer comprising a macroreticulate polymer backbone having a plurality of pendant functional groups or mixtures of functional groups having the general formula: ##STR1## where Ar is an aromatic hydrocarbon radical containing from one to three rings; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl hydrocarbon radicals, methylene-bridged benzophenone radicals, salts of methylene-bridged benzophenone, methylene-bridged fluorenone radicals and salts of methylene-bridged fluorenone; and M is selected from the group consisting of lithium, potassium, sodium, alkyl magnesium, and alkyl zinc.

Abstract: A system containing beds of polymeric material containing antimicrobial agents are used to adjust the antimicrobial agent concentration of treatment streams used for treating fibers with antimicrobial agents. The adjustment step is performed by passing the stream through a bed which contains the agent in a concentration different than that of the stream.

Abstract: A self supporting fibrous matrix containing immobilized therein at least about 5% by weight of micro-particulate, with an average diameter less than 1 micron, preferably fumed silica, or alumina, and flocculating amounts of a neutral organic polymeric resin having oxygen atoms along the backbone thereof, is useful for fluid treatment and filtration processes, especially delipidization and depyrogenation of fluids such as serum.

Abstract: Organometallic compounds, such as 10, 10'-oxybisphenoxarsine, are removed from aqueous media by preferential absorption onto solid polyamide absorbents, such as Nylon, in the form of pellets, fibers, granules, film or coatings.

Abstract: Salts and low molecular weight organic compounds are more efficiently separated from aqueous liquids by passing the liquid downwardly through a gel-type strong acid cation exchange resin, and eluting the resin. In a preferred embodiment, animal wastes and/or cheese whey are separated into usable components by removing insoluble organic material, then removing soluble proteins and/or enzymes by ion exchange with a macroporous weak base anion exchange resin, and then separating salts and nonionic organic compounds as above.

Abstract: A novel technique has been discovered for separating oxalate from urine and other biological fluids. The method involves mixing the fluid with an adsorbent to separate the oxalate from the fluids, washing the adsorbent-oxalate complex, and releasing the oxalate by reacting the complex with alkali. This technique provides accurate results and can easily be run in hospitals and clinical laboratories.

Abstract: Apparatus for reducing levels of organic contaminants present in water or other fluid. The apparatus includes a plurality of spaced activated carbon beds and a bed of cross-linked organic polymer particles (i.e., Imbiber Beads). The bed of polymer particles is serially disposed between the activated beds of carbon to receive and absorb organic contaminants when all the adsorption sites on the first activated carbon bed reach saturation. A second activated carbon bed receives and adsorbs contaminants which escape the absorption of the polymer particles. The polymer particles swell on contact with organic contaminants to decrease and then terminate flow of water or other fluid through the apparatus.