Abstract: Barium sulfate and/or calcium carbonate scale inhibitor composition composed of a water-soluble polymer having incorporated phosphate functionality, the polymer being formed from at least one ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, at least one ethylenically unsaturated vinyl sulfonate monomer, or a mixture thereof. The scale inhibitor composition can be used as a means of detecting inhibitor composition in downhole and topside oilfield treatments by means that are faster and more accurate than turbidometric measurement.

Abstract: A method of treating mine drainage water including the step of adding a scale control agent to the mine drainage water and, optionally, adding an oxidizing agent to the mine drainage water and/or precipitating and settling the metals in their hydroxide form from the water. The treated water may be safely returned to the environment.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition and a method for inhibiting the formation of scale, particularly complex scale, in an aqueous system where more than one type of scale is present. The scale typically present in the aqueous system includes silica, silicates, and carbonates. The scale inhibiting composition comprises (1) 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid and salts thereof, and (2) a copolymer of (1) one or more allyloxybenzenesulfonate monomers, and (2) one or more water-soluble acrylic monomers, substituted acrylic monomers, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Solid free-flowing compositions of a magnesium salt of bis(hexamethylene)triamino penta(methylenephosphonic) acid are disclosed. The compositions exhibit desirable scale inhibitor properties and can be used in water treatment. In addition, a method of scale control is disclosed using the magnesium phosphonic acids under ambient conditions of relative humidity of at least 30% as can apply under subtropical or tropical conditions of high relative humidity. The preferred molar ratios of magnesium to phosphionic acid are in the range of from 1:1 to 3:1.

Abstract: A white rust inhibiting composition and method of inhibiting white rust for evaporative water coolers are disclosed. The composition includes, in combination, a blend of one or more organophosphorus compounds and one or more tannin compounds.

Abstract: A sodium chlorite solution is admixed with a second solution containing an acid to make a reacted mixture. The reacted mixture is introduced into a water system, viz. a conduit in which water flows or a tank containing water. The reacted mixture is added to the water system to inhibit and/or eliminate bacterial fouling in the system, and/or inhibiting and/or removing mineral deposits from the system, and/or for reducing or eliminating microorganisms from the system. The second component is acidic enough to convert the sodium chlorite into chlorine dioxide while remaining unaffected in the reacted mixture and at the same time being a mineral antiscalant. Optimum conversion of the sodium chlorite component into active chlorine dioxide requires at least several minutes reaction time and, preferably, the use of a suitable catalyst, such as sodium molybdate.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a filter clogged with flocculating materials is provided. The method comprises determining the flocculated materials clogged on the filter and adding a dispersing agent to break up said flocculated materials to form dispersed precipitates. Then the dispersed precipitates are removed from the filter in a regular cleaning such as backflushing.

Abstract: Treating a water system containing or in contact with a metal sulphide scale to inhibit, prevent, reduce, dissolve or disperse iron sulphide deposits. A solution of tris(hydroxyorgano)phosphines (THP) and tetrakis(hydroxyorgano)phosphonium salts (THP+ salts) and sufficient of a chelant (amino-carboxylates or amino-phosphonates) to provide a solution containing from 0.1 to 50% by weight of said THP or THP+ salt and from 0.1 to 50% by weight of said chelant, is contacted with the metal sulphide scale thereby to dissolve at least part of said scale in said solution.

Abstract: A composition and an improved method for treating aqueous systems to prevent the accumulation of mineral scale and corrosion which comprises adding to the aqueous system a treatment solution comprising 2 phosphonobutane 1,2,4 tricarboxylic acid and a quad-polymer that includes four discrete monomers (specifically allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, methallyl sulfonic acid, a copolymerizable non-ionic monomer and an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer). The composition and method allow the use of higher cycles of concentration, including aqueous systems having calcite saturation indices (CSI) of more than 200, while inhibiting the formation of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, magnesium silicate, and iron scales.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of inhibiting the growth of barium sulfate scaling by using a synergistic blend of (a) a polyphosphate with degree of polymerization between 6 and 21, and (b) a polyphosphate with degree of polymerization of 2-3 in a weight ratio of 3:1 to 1:2. The blend further includes a phosphino-acrylic polymer.

Abstract: A white rust inhibiting composition and method of inhibiting white rust for evaporative water coolers are disclosed. The composition includes, in combination, a blend of one or more organophosphorus compounds, one or more tannin compounds, and one or more water soluble metal compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to the inhibition of tripolyphosphate and pyrophosphate scales in aqueous systems involving adding to said aqueous system at least one copolymer comprising the following monomers in polymerized form: (I) 50-80% by weight of one or more weak acids; (II) 2-50% by weight of one or more strong acids; (III) 0-30% by weight of one or more monoethylenically unsaturated C4-C8 dicarboxylic acids; and (IV) 0-30% by weight of one or more monomethylenically unsaturated monomers polymerizable with (I), (II) and (III); wherein the total of monomers (I), (II), (III), and (IV) equals 100% by weight of copolymer. The invention is particularly suited to the inhibition of tripolyphosphate and pyrophosphate scales which occur as a result of using low phosphate (STPP) containing detergent formulations.

Abstract: A method for reducing or preventing the formation of scale in a municipal or industrial waste water treatment facility comprising introducing an antiscalent composition which comprises: A) A water soluble polymer of molecular weight below 20,000 and containing anionic groups, and B) A sequesterant compound, selected from the group consisting of phosphonates, phosphates, metaphosphates and orthophosphates including derivatives and salts thereof. Preferred antiscalent compositions include a blend of A) a polymer of acrylic acid and/or maleic acid and B) diethylentriamine penta (methylenephosphonic acid) or salts thereof. The invention is of particular value for the treatment of struvite scale in sewage treatment works.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method for reducing the viscosity of the settled mud or underflow of a raked thickener thereby reducing the torque necessary to move the rake blade through the settled mud. The method includes the step of delivering a viscosity modifier to the settled mud and in front of the rake blade by pumping the viscosity modifier down the rake arm to an area in front of the rake blade. The method also includes an improved rake mechanism that includes a means for delivering viscosity modifier to the settled mud and in front of the rake blade. The present invention also includes a method for increasing the rate of consolidation of flocculated solids in a slurry.

Abstract: Phosphonomethylated poly-vinylamines which contain as characteristic structural elements units of the formula where R1 is hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl or and X is hydrogen, an alkali metal, ammonium or one equivalent of an alkaline earth metal, are obtainable by phosphonomethylation of polymers which contain N-vinyl-amide or vinylamine groups and are useful as detergent additives and water treatment agents.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method for reducing the viscosity of the settled mud or underflow of a raked thickener thereby reducing the torque necessary to move the rake blade through the settled mud. The method includes the step of delivering a viscosity modifier to the settled mud and in front of the rake blade by pumping the viscosity modifier down the rake arm to an area in front of the rake blade. The method also includes an improved rake mechanism that includes a means for delivering viscosity modifier to the settled mud and in front of the rake blade. The present invention also includes a method for increasing the rate of consolidation of flocculated solids in a slurry.

Abstract: Water-circulating systems are treated with an aqueous, alkaline composition comprising I) an organo-phosphorus chelating agent, II) an acrylate homopolymer, III) a salt of an acrylic copolymer, a portion of the repeating units of which contain sulfonate groups, IV) a molybdate salt, and V) a salt of a fused-ring aromatic triazole. This composition (which is formulated in accordance with a specific order of addition of the ingredients) is effective against white rust (corrosion of galvanized metal parts). When the water-circulating system is also fouled with a biofilm, it is preferred to introduce a biofilm remover having biocidal, surfactant, and chelating properties into the system, but the biofilm remover is introduced separately from the above-described composition.

Abstract: A method of controlling the deposition of silica-containing scales and their adhesion to surfaces in contact with an aqueous system is disclosed which comprises adding to the aqueous system a synergistic combination of:(a) diethylenetriamine penta methylene phosphonic acid; and(b) a material selected from the group consisting of 2 phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid; high molecular weight, 3:1, acrylic acid/allylhydroxypropylsulfonate ether copolymer; ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers; and polyepoxysuccinic acid and salts thereof.

Abstract: In the present state of art, use is made of aqueous mixtures of sodium phosphates, preferably mixtures of pentasodium triphosphate (for softening) and sodium dihydrogen phosphate (to reduce the pH) of hard and slightly alkaline water in aquaria to values acceptable especially for ornamental tropical fish. This inherently effective preparation for softening and acidifying the aquarium water leads, however, to the clouding of the water after a short time and to chalk flocculation, while the hydrolysis of the triphosphate results in an increased level of orthophosphate which is particularly favorable to the growth of algae. The invention prevents these drawbacks by the use of phosphonic acid compounds which complex the alkaline earth metal ions determining the hardness of water. Preferred phosphonic acids here are ethylene diamine tetra(methylene phosphonic acid) and its pentasodium salt and diethylene triamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) and its heptasodium salt.

Abstract: A method of controlling the deposition of silica-containing scales and their adhesion to surfaces in contact with an aqueous system is disclosed which comprises adding to the aqueous system an imidazoline or imidazoline derivative.

Abstract: The present invention is a process of treating aqueous systems to prevent precipitation of dissolved metal ion species, for example, Ca, Mg, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. This has the effect of preventing scale and/or stain formation. The process involves introducing 0.5 to 15000 ppm (or mg/liter) of a synergistic mixture of HEDP and DETPMP into the aqueous system to be treated.

Abstract: The present invention is a process of treating aqueous systems to prevent precipitation of dissolved metal ion species, for example, Ca, Mg, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. This has the effect of preventing scale and/or stain formation. The process involves introducing 0.5 to 100 ppm of a synergistic mixture of HEDP and DETPMP into the water system to be treated.

Abstract: The methods for decreasing scale formation in processes for the production of soda ash from trona or nahcolite ores are provided. Diphosphonic acid materials such as 1-hydroxy-ethylidene diphosphonic acid, 1-hydroxy-propylidene-1,-diphosphonic acid, 1-hydroxy-butylidene-1,-diphosphonic acid and 1-hydroxy-pentylidene-1,-diphosphonic acid have been found to diminish significantly the formation of magnesium scale in such processes.

Abstract: A water-treating agent comprising a ternary copolymer of conjugated dienesulfonic acid/(meth)acrylic acid/2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, or a ternary copolymer of conjugated dienesulfonic acid/(meth)acrylic acid/(meth)acrylamido-2-methylalkanesulfonic acid ternary copolymer, is effective against scaling and fouling in water systems and a method for treating water with the water-treating agent. When combined with a corrosion inhibitor, the water-treating agent exhibits an excellent anti corrosion effect.

Abstract: A composition for of controlling scale formation and deposition and corrosion in aqueous systems is described wherein a treatment solution of a substoichiometric amount of a composition comprising a scale/corrosion inhibitor in combination with a substituted alkylpolycarboxylate is employed. The scale/corrosion inhibitor can be a phosphonate such as hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, hydroxyphosphonoacetic acids, amino phosphonates; terpolymers, copolymers and homopolymers of acrylic acid, maleic acid, epoxysuccinic acids such as polyepoxysuccinic acid or mixtures thereof. The substituted alkylpolycarboxylates are compounds of the general structure: R--X.sub.m --Y.sub.n wherein R is a hydrocarbon functionality having 4 to 18 carbons; X, when present, is --NH--, --NY.sup.1 --, --N-->O, --N--OC--Y.sup.1, --O-- or --S--; n is greater than or equal to 1; m=O or 1; and Y and Y.sup.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for inhibiting fouling in vinyl monomers are disclosed. Alkylphosphonate esters or acids thereof are added to vinyl monomers, particularly ethylene dichloride, that are undergoing processing to inhibit fouling.

Abstract: An all-in-one cooling water treatment composition includes a high concentration of peroxide, preferably hydrogen peroxide, in combination with a polyhydric alcohol and a phosphonate to stabilize the peroxide in a concentrated solution. The composition further includes a yellow metal corrosion inhibitor such as aromatic triazole and optionally polymeric dispersants and ferrous metal corrosion inhibitors and/or molybdate metal corrosion inhibitors. In this composition the phosphonate, preferably HEDP, acts both to stabilize the peroxide and, at the same time, provides anti-scalant treatment for the cooling tower. Due to the stability provided by the HEDP and its anti-scalant properties, this can be formulated as an all-in-one treatment composition which is stable at high concentrations and can be added to effectively control biocidal activity, scale and corrosion.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of iminoalkylenephosphonic acids to prevent corrosion, including both localized corrosion and general corrosion on iron based metal surfaces in contact with a corrosive system water in an aqueous system. The invention also relates to the use of the iminoalkylenephosphonic acids to control formation, deposition and adherence of scale at the surfaces of metals in contact with a scale-forming system water in an aqueous system.

Abstract: A biodegradable scale inhibitor and dispersant is provided. The scale inhibitor includes a copolymer comprising at least one of N-oxygenatedhydrocarbonamide monomers and at least one of amino acid monomers. A method of reducing scale build-up on heating exchanger surfaces that come in contact with an industrial water is provided by adding a copolymer comprising at least one of N-oxygenatedhydrocarbonamide monomers and at least one of amino acid monomers to the water system such as cooling towers.

Abstract: The invention is a method for the prevention of scale formation on metal or other surfaces in contact with scale-forming industrial water with an effective scale-inhibiting amount of an ether 1,1-diphosphonate of the general formula: ##STR1## The invention is also a method for the prevention of corrosion on metal surfaces in contact with corrosive industrial water with an effective corrosion-inhibiting amount of an ether 1,1-diphosphonate of the same general formula. A preferred ether 1, 1-diphosphonate is 1,1, diphosphono-4,7-dioxaoctane for both methods.

Abstract: A water-treating agent comprising a ternary copolymer of conjugated dienesulfonic acid/(meth)acrylic acid/2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, or a ternary copolymer of conjugated dienesulfonic acid/(meth)acrylic acid/(meth)acrylamido-2-methylalkanesulfonic acid ternary copolymer, is effective against scaling and fouling in water systems and a method for treating water with the water-treating agent. When combined with a corrosion inhibitor, the water-treating agent exhibits an excellent anti corrosion effect.

Abstract: An aqueous system containing scale forming salts including both calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate and characterized by high pH and high calcite concentrations which further contains a synergistic effective amount of a combination comprising (A) a polyether polyamino methylene phosphonate, and (B) a terpolymer comprising the monomers of acrylic acid, sulfophenomethallyl ether and maleic acid, is disclosed. A method for inhibiting the formation, deposition and adherence of such scale forming salts in the aqueous system employing the synergistic combination is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a number of agents that are useful to inhibit aldol condensation in caustic scrubbers. Preferred agents include, but are not necessarily limited to benzoic hydrazide, hydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide, salts of hypochlorous acid, nitroalkanes, monoethanolamine, peroxyesters, and N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing an aqueous solution containing sulfite or bisulfite ions and a water-soluble metal catalyst. The method comprises incorporating a stabilizing amount of a alpha substituted carboxylic acid or salt thereof or a vinyl carboxylic acid or salt thereof in the solution. The carboxylic acid inhibits sludge formation when the aqueous solution is stored. The preferred carboxylic acid, citric acid, also enhances the oxygen scavenging rate of the sulfite and bisulfite when the solution is used to treat aqueous systems for oxygen removal.

Abstract: Phosphonic coletomers of the formula I: ##STR1## wherein X.sub.5 is hydrogen, an alkali metal atom, an alkaline earth metal atom, or an ammonium or amine residue; and A.sub.2 is a copolymer residue comprising two different residues ##STR2## wherein r is an integer ranging from 2 to 100, and wherein, in the first residue, W.sub.3 is --COOH, and in the second residue, W.sub.3 is --CONHC(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH.sub.2 SO.sub.3 X.sub.5 wherein X.sub.5 is as hereinbefore defined. The cotelomers inhibit scale and corrosion in aqueous systems.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method for dispersing biofilms caused by the growth of slime-forming bacteria and other microorganisms in industrial process water. The method comprises adding an effective biofilm dispersing amount of a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate to the industrial process water which contains slime-forming bacteria and other microorganisms. In addition, an alternative embodiment of the invention comprises adding a compound selected from the group consisting of peracetic acid, glutaraldehyde, isothiazolone, methylene bisthiocyanate, thiocyanomethylthio benzothiazole, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propane diol, dibromonitrilopropane diol, tetralcishydroxy methyl phosphonium sulfate, decylthioethane amine, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention is a method for increasing the effectiveness of water-soluble polymeric additives or water-soluble phosphonates in the recirculating water of processing equipment wherein said water contains ozone and water-soluble polymeric additives or water-soluble phosphonates comprising the step of adding an effective amount of a stabilizer to said waters. The invention is also a method for increasing the effectiveness of ozone treatment in the recirculating waters of processing equipment wherein said water contains ozone and water-soluble additives comprising the step of adding an effective amount of a stabilizer to said waters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for inhibiting the formation and deposition of silica and silicate compounds in water systems by the use an effective amount of a polymer or copolymer having the following structure: ##STR1## wherein A is the initiator radical from free radical polymerization, such as for example, alkoxy, acyloxy, hydroxyl, alkyl or sulfonate radicals from peroxide initiators, or cyanoalkyl radicals from azonitrile initiators, or n-alkythio or tetrahydrofuranyl radicals from common transfer agents, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyl groups which contain a combined total of 2 to 4 carbon atoms or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together with the nitrogen atom comprise a ring containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 is either H or a C.sub.1 through C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for inhibiting the formation of metal sulfate scale in an aqueous system. Metal sulfate scale formation is inhibited by adding an effective amount of one or more poly(amino acids) and one or more inorganic phosphates to the aqueous system. The poly(amino acids) are a reaction product formed from at least one compound selected from amino acids, amic acids, ammonium salts of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, and ammonium salts of hydroxypolycarboxylic acids. The present invention also provides a method of inhibiting the formation of metal sulfate scale by adding an effective amount of a poly(amino acid) which contains tyrosine, tryptophan, histidine, arginine or combinations thereof.

Abstract: An improved method is disclosed for the preparation of novel alkali metal diphosphinate salts by the reaction of an acetylenic compound with an alkali metal hypophosphite in the presence of a free radical source, the use of these novel compounds in further reactions to prepare diphosphonate compounds and diphosphinate containing adducts, oligomers and polymers and utilization of these compounds, polymers and oligomers to control calcium carbonate scale and mild steel corrosion in cooling water.

Abstract: The tendency of aqueous solutions of urea and other NH-containing compositions to force instability of hardness factors has been found to be detrimental to processes and apparatus employing them. The reliability of these processes and apparatus is improved by the inclusion of hardness-suppressing compositions, which preferably include both a water-soluble polymer and a phosphonate. In particular, agricultural and NO.sub.x -reducing applications are improved, especially for solutions containing urea hydrolysis products and the salts of them.

Abstract: A method and compounds for inhibiting the formation of scale, e.g., barium scale, and controlling corrosion is disclosed. The method is particularly effective at inhibiting or preventing corrosion of ferrous-based metals in contact with the aqueous systems such as cooling water systems. The method comprises introducing into the aqueous system a compound of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl or substituted aryl; R' and R" are each independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl or C.sub.1-4 substituted alkyl; Z is O, S, NH or NR, where R is as described above; n is a positive integer greater than 1; f is a positive integer; and M is hydrogen, a water soluble cation (e.g., NH.sub.4.sup.+, alkali metal), or a C.sub.1-3 alkyl group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a large number of inhibiting agents that are useful to reduce aldol condensation in monoethanolamine scrubbers. Such agents include hydrazine, hydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide, and dialkylketone oximes. Preferred inhibiting agents are hydrazines.

Abstract: This invention relates to a metal corrosion inhibiting composition comprising in admixture: (a) an anodic silicate salt; (b) a silicate salt stabilizer; (c) a cathodic corrosion inhibitor; and water. Preferably, the corrosion inhibiting composition also contains a polymeric scale inhibitor. The invention also relates to a process for treating an open aqueous system with the corrosion inhibiting composition.

Abstract: A method for simultaneously controlling the deposition of scale and the formation of corrosion in a cooling water system consisting of adding to the system a water soluble copolymer having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or lower (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl, F is H.sub.2 or O, M is a water soluble cation, R.sub.2 is (CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O).sub.n, ##STR2## or mixture of both, n is an integer of from 1 to about 40, R.sub.3 is H, lower (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl or an acetate.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion and scale formation and deposition in aqueous systems by adding a combination of a polyepoxysuccinic acid or salts thereof and a phosphonocarboxylic acid or salts thereof.

Abstract: The invention is an improved process for denaturing and coagulating paint in an aqueous medium in which denatured and coagulated paint must remain in a dispersion in the aqueous medium. The aqueous medium contains a coagulant and the aqueous medium is maintained at an alkaline earth metal ion equivalent of less than 1.0 mmole/liter.

Abstract: The present invention provides a number of inhibiting agents that are useful to reduce aldol condensation in diethanolamine scrubbers. Suitable inhibiting agents include: hydrogen peroxide; hydroperoxides; nitroalkanes; salts of hypochlorous acid; alkyl substituted aldehyde oximes; trialkyl phosphites; isothiuronium salts; 2-mercaptoethanol (C.sub.2 H.sub.6 OS); and, benzoic hydrazide. A preferred inhibiting agent for diethanolamine scrubbers is an excess of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Copolymers of polyaspartic acid which are suitable for the inhibition of scale deposition were obtained by reacting maleic acid, an additional polycarboxylic acid and ammonia in a stoichiometric excess, at 120.degree.-350.degree. C., preferably 180.degree.-300.degree. C., to provide copolymers of polysuccinimide. In a second embodiment, a polyamine was added to the reaction mix. These intermediate polysuccinimide copolymers could then be converted to the salts of copolymers of polyaspartic acid by hydrolysis with a hydroxide.Such copolymers are useful in preventing deposition of scale from water and find applications in treating water. Other applications include scale prevention additives for detergents. In addition, such copolymers inhibit dental tartar and plaque formation.

Abstract: A method of controlling scale formation and deposition and corrosion in aqueous systems is described wherein a treatment solution of a substoichiometric amount of a scale/corrosion inhibitor in combination with a substituted alkylpolycarboxylate is employed. The scale/corrosion inhibitor can be a phosphonate such as hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, hydroxyphosphonoacetic acids, amino phosphonates; terpolymers, copolymers and homopolymers of acrylic acid, maleic acid, epoxysuccinic acids such as polyepoxysuccinic acid or mixtures thereof. The substituted alkylpolycarboxylates are compounds of the general structure: R--X--Y.sub.n wherein R is a hydrocarbon functionality having 4 to 18 carbons; X, when present, is --NH--, --NY.sup.1 --, --N-->O, --N--OC--Y.sup.1, --O-- or --S--; n is greater than or equal to 1; and Y and Y.sup.