Abstract: Poly(diallylamine) blended with poly(N-methylolacrylamide) effectively detackifies over-sprayed paint in the circulating water of a wet paint spray booth operation. After detackification the dispersed paint is flocculated with hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, the paint waste is removed, and the clarified water is recirculated back into the paint spray booth operation.

Abstract: A process for the production of papermaking fiber or pulp from waste solids emanating from pulp and paper mills, particularly waste solids in process water streams containing fibrous solids that cannot be directly recycled by paper mill "saveall" devices, from pulp and paper mill process water streams conveyed by the sewerage system to wastewater treatment plant facilities, and from "sludge" emanating from the underflow of a primary clarifier or sedimentation basin at pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment facilities either before or after the "sludge" is thickened and dewatered.

Abstract: Oversprayed paint in a paint spray operation is detackified by dosing the water of the waste water system of such operation with a composition comprising a polymer and aluminum sulfate. The polymer contains at least about 10 mole percent of cationic mer units of monoethylenically unsaturated monomer.

Abstract: An integrated process for heavy metal and cyanide removal in aqueous waste stream from plating processes wherein cyanide is oxidized by hypochlorite at approximately pH of 11.5 and hexavalent chromium is reduced to trivalent chromium at ambient temperature with ferrous sulfate at pH of 9.5; excess hypochlorite from cyanide destruction reacts with ferrous sulfate and additional ferrous sulfate is added to reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium to allow hydroxide co-precipitation with hydroxides of the ferric iron and hydroxides of copper, chromium, zinc, cadmium, manganese, etc., which are then separated by settling and filtration.

Abstract: A method is provided for selectively treating flocculated heavy metal contaminated iron-based sludges from an industrial waste water treatment process. The method removes the heavy metal contaminants with a minimum loss of the iron therein. The method comprises dissolving the sludge in hydrochloric acid to produce a ferric chloride solution. The solution is filtered to remove precipitated heavy metal salts, such as lead chloride. The filtrate containing the remaining heavy metal chlorides and ferric chloride is then cooled or otherwise treated to remove additional heavy metal chlorides. The remaining ferric chloride based solution is then reduced (exposed to iron powder) to a ferrous chloride solution and heavy metals. After filtration of any additional precipitated heavy metals, the ferrous chloride solution is ready for recycling.

Abstract: A method for detackifying oversprayed paint solids in a paint spray booth utilizes an oil-in-water emulsion as the hydrophilic fluid for capturing and detackifying oversprayed paint, which emulsion contains a certain nonionic surfactant, which surfactant greatly improves detackification performance when the paint formulation being sprayed is a low VOC formulation, and particularly a two-component formulation. The nonionic surfactant is an ethoxylated C.sub.8-10 alkyl phenol having an HLB value of from about 4.5 to 15.5.

Abstract: A system for cleaning radiator systems waste coolant, including a filter, a flush tank refinery, a source of cleansing chemical, a pump to circulate radiator coolant from the vehicle through the cleaning system back to the vehicle, a quick-connect conduit extending between the vehicle and the filter, a conduit extending from the filter to the flush tank refinery, a fill tank reservoir, a conduit with valve extending from the flush tank refinery to the fill tank reservoir, a quick-connect conduit with valve extending from the flush tank refinery to the vehicle, a conduit with valve extending from the fill tank reservoir and interconnecting with the quick-connect conduit extending from the flush tank refinery to the vehicle, a conduit with valve extending from the cleansing chemical source to the flush tank refinery, a source of basic chemical, a conduit extending from the source of basic chemical to the fill tank reservoir, a pH sensor in contact with a coolant conduit and a computer to regulate cleansing and

Abstract: A dewatering porocess and apparatus for recovering water from waste drilling fluid for concurrent reutilization in an active drilling operation includes a storage area, an intermixer for introducing treatment chemicals into the waste drilling fluid and a centrifuge. Flocculation is chemically induced in the waste drilling fluid as it passes through the intermixing means for introducing treatment chemicals into the waste drilling fluid. The waste drilling fluid is then transferred to the centrifuge wherein it is separated into solid waste and clear reuseable water. The water is returned to the storagge area and may be chemically adjusted prior to being returned to the drilling rig.

Abstract: The improved high pressure oxygen-saturated water treatment apparatus of the present invention functions to provide super-saturated oxygen treatment to waste water for purification thereof. The apparatus includes a pressurized treatment tank having a substantial longitudinal dimension, with a chamber separation plate forming two interconnected chambers in the tank. An input conduit for flowing waste water into the first chamber of the tank is provided. An oxygen input conduit is connected to the tank for providing oxygen-containing gas under substantial pressure within the tank. An oxygen output conduit is also disposed on the tank for receiving the oxygen-containing gas from the tank to form a pressurized oxygen-containing stream.

Abstract: In the processing of a geothermal brine and the recovery of heat therefrom, there are produced a non-condensable gas stream containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide and a liquid stream comprising a condensate of steam derived from the brine. In accordance with the present invention, the noncondensable gases are introduced into the condensate in the presence of an oxidizing agent to form a gas-liquid mixture. The mixture is maintained at an alkaline pH for a time sufficient for a substantial portion of the hydrogen sulfide to be oxidized. Thereafter, the mixture is introduced into a gas-liquid separation zone for separate recovery of a gas stream comprising a major amount of carbon dioxide and substantially free of hydrogen sulfide. Advantageously, the recovered gas stream is recycled to the geothermal brine process to reduce the pH of the brine and its scaling potential.

Abstract: Residues which are obtained from the distillation of chlorosilanes prepared by reaction of raw silicon with chlorine or hydrogen chloride are processed by treatment in aqueous phase with an excess of at least 15% of calcium carbonate, and the liquid components are recycled into the process so that no liquid waste is formed.

Abstract: A simplified single cell fluid flow apparatus for flotation removal of suspended impurities and liquids are provided wherein the method and apparatus are directed to an induced gas liquid coalescer for flotation separation of suspended impurities. The apparatus provides for a separation vessel which can be fabricated to withstand internal pressure requirements experienced in flotation separation devices wherein the apparatus induces maximum gas volumes consistent with optimum mass transfer of gas medium to suspended impurities in the liquid while controlling intercell or vessel chamber turbulence. Such maximum gas induction achieved without turbulence is through the use of microscopic gas bubbles. Such microscopic gas bubbles provide massive surface area with which the suspended impurities adhere and allows for apparatus utilization which is smaller and more compact for comparative treatment volumes.

Abstract: A novel method of treating circulating water containing over-sprayed water-based or solvent-based paint, such as in a paint spray booth operation, comprises adjusting the alkalinity of the paint spray booth water by adding an alkalinity source thereto, contacting the oversprayed paint with the alkalinity-adjusted water and with an alumina coated silica sol added to the water, adding an effective amount of a polymer floccing agent to the water, and removing resulting sludge from the water.

Abstract: To improve the dewaterability of sludge, which is dewatered in a dewatering device, in particular a plate filter press, a polymeric filter aid is added to the sludge. Since the flocs require a certain ripening time to form, a part stream of the unfiltered sludge is to be taken off according to the invention at the point opposite the feed and recycled into the main stream. The recycled flocs serve as flocculation nuclei. A further advantage of the sludge recycle is that the floc structure and/or size can then be scanned in the recycled part stream. The representative measured results are utilized for changing parameters which determine the dewaterability.

Abstract: An improved method for detackifying over-sprayed paint, lacquer or enamel entrained in the circulating water of paint spray booths comprises maintaining in the wash water a small amount of an N-methylolacrylamide copolymer with methyldiallylamine.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for removing sludge from a spray booth tank using a single pump for withdrawing liquid including sludge from the tank. A portion of the liquid from the pump is returned to the tank through eductors for agitating liquid in the tank. At least a portion of the liquid from the pump flows through a hydrocyclone separator. Sludge from the separator is collected in a settling tank. A small portion of the clarified liquid from the separator flows through an aspirator pump to the booth tank and the remainder of the clarified liquid is returned directly to the booth tank. The aspirator pump returns excess liquid from the settling tank to the booth tank.

Abstract: A process for detackifying paint in a wet paint spray booth wherein water is used to wash the air containing oversprayed paint from the paint spray operation. The process comprises forming stable colloid solutions consisting of weakly electropositive metals. Additionally, to activate the metal cation, various anionic or cathionic polymers may be selected and used.

Abstract: A method for producing copper sulfate from waste copper-containing liquid including the steps of recovery of acidic and basic copper-containing liquid, and neutralization of the liquid to form crystalline copper sulfate, wherein the ratio of acidic to basic copper-containing liquid, temperature, pH value and the concentration of copper ion in the resultant solution of each step is being controlled such that the solid copper sulfate is obtained in high yield and purity and will have a larger particle size, and at the same time, the filtrate will contain copper ion in a concentration below 0.3 ppm before being expelled to the surroundings.

Abstract: An apparatus and a process for using the apparatus for removing fat, bacteria, solids and other impurities from water used in food processing so that substantially all the water may be reused includes a tower. The water is passed through a coarse filter to remove large pieces and is then introduced into the tower near the top thereof and flows out the tower near the bottom thereof. A mixture of ozone and air is introduced at the bottom of the tower and bubbled up through the tower, counter to the flow of the water. The ozone and water mixture carries impurities, especially the fat, over the top of the tower as a foam. The foam then flows over the tower into a waste drain. The process and apparatus may be varied to include a second tower unit with an alternative intermediate filter unit between the first tower and second tower unit.

Abstract: This invention relates to the removal of hypochlorite groups from aqueous effluent solutions, so as to permit the disposal of the effluent by deep well injection. More particularly this invention relates to the catalytic decomposition of such hypochlorite groups from scrubbing water effluent used to remove chlorine from a gaseous effluent, wherein a solid catalyst is dissolved, recycled and reprecipitated in situ.

Abstract: The present invention relates a method for detackifying paint overspray comprising contacting the paint overspray with reduced cation exchange capacity smectite clays and organoclays.

Abstract: A process for detackifying paint, lacquer or enamel in a paint spray booth in which water is used to wash the air containing oversprayed paint, lacquer or enamel particles. The process comprises adding to the wash water a sufficient amount for the purpose of a cationic organic polymer and a selective anionic organic polymer. The process is particularly adaptable to activator catalyzed treatment programs in which the inorganic anion is lost as a precipitate due to adverse conditions such as increasing wash water acidity. The substitution of an organic anionic polymer for the inorganic anion alleviates this problem.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recovering oil from an oil spill on the surface of a body of water. The method is operative for recovering an oil having a viscosity in excess of 80 centipoise and it includes the steps of drawing an oil-water mixture from the surface of a body of water, adjusting the viscosity of the oil in the oil-water mixture to a level below approximately 80 centipoise and passing the resultant adjusted oil-water mixture through an oil-water coalescer to separate the oil in the adjusted oil-water mixture from the water therein. The viscosity of the oil in the feed oil-water mixture is preferably adjusted by adding a low viscosity hydrophobic hydrocarbon solvent to the oil-water mixture.

Abstract: A method for rapid and efficient cleaning of an internal combustion engine cooling system includes forcing the coolant liquid from the cooling system to the exterior of that system, driving the coolant liquid from the cooling system to the exterior of that system, treating the coolant liquid in a zone or zones outside the cooling system, such treating including effecting preciptation of anions and cations, in the coolant liquid to product contaminant particulate and removing contaminant particulate from the coolant liquid, and returning the treated coolant liquid to the cooling system.

Abstract: A thickener for liquids or pulps comprising a tank in which flocculation takes place and dilute liquid is displaced toward the top of the tank, a feedwell having a bottom opening in fluid communication with said tank, conduit means to supply feed liquid to said feedwell, and apertures in said feedwell or said conduit disposed above said bottom opening and positioned to permit the flow of said dilute liquid directly from the tank into the feed liquid for dilution thereof.The thickener preferably comprises a weir plate assembly connected with a side wall of the feedwell adjacent a side opening therein. The weir plate is preferably moveable by means of a float assembly between an open position permitting said dilute liquid to flow from the tank to the feedwell, and a closed position substantially closing the side opening.

Abstract: A method is provided for removing heavy metal ions from an aqueous solution to yield a less contaminated aqueous effluent. The method comprises coprecipitating the heavy metal ions with a carrier precipitate which is formed in situ within the aqueous solution.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of improving the dewatering of alumina trihydrate obtained by the Bayer process. The method comprises treating the alumina trihydrate with the product of mixing an alkaline liquor and a C.sub.8 to C.sub.20 fatty acid, fatty acid precursor such as an ester or amide, or a fatty acid blend. The product, a fatty acid salt, is an effective dewatering aid.The alumina trihydrate may be washed with a liquor including said product, or the product may be added to a Bayer liquor slurry prior to filtration of the alumina trihydrate.The invention also contemplates a watering aid consisting of the product of mixing an alkaline liquor with a C.sub.8 to C.sub.20 fatty acid or fatty acid precursor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for clarifying aqueous salt solutions containing inorganic insolubles and possibly also organic components. Air is introduced into a recirculating system for the aqueous solution, pressurized and then released, thus forming microbubbles in the solution. Fluocculants are added and the presence of foam forming organic components is ensured. The foam formed is back-mixed into the solution while dissolved air flotation is interrupted, whereupon it may be restarted for flotation of possible remaining contaminants. The foam forming process can be performed in the presence of surfactants, wax and/or oil for forming a stable foam to be back-mixed into the solution for releasing entrapped microbubbles thereto. The method can be carried out by continuously supplying flocculant and solution to the flotation vessel. Dissolved air flotation and back-mixing are then carried out sequentially.

Abstract: Water-dispersible polymeric latexes are excellent paint detackifying agents for treating the circulating water in paint spray booths when latexes have an average particle size less than 10 microns.

Abstract: A method of paint sludge conversion and sludge removal from a sump pit for disposal is provided which is particularly adapted for use with paint waste sludge derived from wet spray booth operations. The method involves blending with the starting sludge caustic, oil and emulsifiers. Water may be added to achieve a desired water to total solids weight ratio. The product is a pumpable liquid disperse system which is easily charged to tankers or the like for pump out from the sludge pit.

Abstract: A process for the production of papermaking fiber or pulp from waste solids emanating from pulp and paper mills, particularly waste solids in process water streams containing fibrous solids that cannot be directly recycled by paper mill "saveall" devices, from pulp and paper mill process water streams conveyed by the sewerage system to wastewater treatment plant facilities, and from "sludge" emanating from the underflow of a primary clarifier or sedimentation basin at pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment facilities either before or after the "sludge" is thickened and dewatered.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a closed-loop filter system for continuously removing a metal hydroxide precipitate from an alkali metal hydroxide solution. The filter system comprises a filter having a filter surface and a plurality of small diameter openings in said surface. The alkali metal hydroxide solution is impacted onto said filter surface, metal hydroxide precipitate agglomerating on said surface. The filter surface openings have an average diameter effective for said agglomerating. Means are provided to remove the agglomerated precipitate from said filter surface, and to separate the agglomerated precipitate from the alkali metal hydroxide solution, the agglomerated precipitate having a particle weight to surface area ratio effective for said separation.

Abstract: A process for the production of papermaking fiber or pulp from waste solids emanating from pulp and paper mills, particularly waste solids in process water streams containing fibrous solids that cannot be directly recycled by paper mill "saveall" devices, from pulp and paper mill process water streams conveyed by the sewerage system to wastewater treatment plant facilities, and from "sludge" emanating from the underflow of a primary clarifier or sedimentation basin at pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment facilities either before or after the "sludge" is thickened and dewatered.

Abstract: A steam flood recovery process for recovering heavy oil from a producing formation wherein the production stream is processed to separate the produced water from the heavy oil and then the hardness of the water is first reduced to from 10-60 ppm by treatment with caustic and then reduced to less than 1 ppm by flowing it through a weak acid cation resin whereby the water can be used to generate the steam used in the recovery operation.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of cooling waters, particularly in thermal power stations, without or--optionally--with partial acid decarbonization of the make up water, the improvement wherein the make up water is mechanically coarse-clarified and the hardness is then stabilized with scale inhibitors. The scale inhibitors are then removed from the blow down and are optionally recovered.

Abstract: Inorganic oxides, particularly silica and alumina, are excellent paint detackifying agents for treating the circulating water in paint spray booths when those oxides have a dry average particle size less than 10 microns.

Abstract: A novel polymer and treatment scenario which considerably improves detackification of paint overspray consisting of high solids enamel, epoxy resin, or polyurethanes in the wash water or paint spray booths is disclosed comprised of:(i) a hydrophilic-lipophilic copolymer in combination with a modified tannin and/or(ii) a diallyldimethylammonium chloride polymer in combination with a modified tannin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process and apparatus for separating oil water and solids from emulsions. More particularly, the present invention provides a process and apparatus for continuously separating oil, water and solids from stable mixtures thereof, comprising heating the mixture to at least about 115.degree. C., rapidly cooling the mixture to below 100.degree. C., separating the solids from the liquids and separating the water from the oil. Preferably, the invention also includes the step of adding a flocculant prior to cooling the mixture.

Abstract: A process for detackifying and coagulating paint in a wet paint spray booth wherein water is used to wash the air containing oversprayed paint from the paint spray operation. The process comprises forming stable colloid solutions consisting of weakly electropositive metals. Additionally, to activate the metal cation, various anionic or cationic polymers may be selected and used.

Abstract: A melamine-formaldehyde detackifer having a less than 0.15% free formaldehyde which comprises a melamine-formaldehyde polymer detackifier to which has been added a formaldehyde scavenging agent selected from an effective amount of urea, acetylacetone, and a combination of urea with an enhancer selected from glyoxal and acetylacetone. The use of the low free formaldehyde detackifier is also described.

Abstract: Removal of wet overspray from lacquer or similar water insoluble coatings by predominantly aqueous cleaning liquids is improved by including in the cleaning liquids as a coagulation agent a salt of a copolymer of ethylene and acrylic acid that contains 8 to 25% by weight of acrylic acid units and 92 to 75% by weight of ethylene units in its acid form. The cleaning liquid may be conveniently made by diluting an aqueous concentrate containing 2 to 25% by weight of the copolymer salt. Including cyanamide derivatives such as calcium cyanamide in the cleaning liquid further improves its coagulating effectiveness.

Abstract: A three or optionally four stage process for the continuous removal of a gum phase from triglyceride oil is described in which in a first stage the oil containing a separate gum phase is subjected to centrifugal separation in a first centrifugal separator to yield gums with low oil content and an oil that still contains a fraction of the gums originally present in the feed, in a second stage the oil obtained from the first stage is subjected to centrifugal separation in a second centrifugal separator to yield oil with a further reduced residual gum content and a gum phase with a higher oil content than the gums obtained in the first stage, in a third stage the gum phase obtained in the second stage is recycled into the oil stream fed to the first centrifugal separator and optionally in a fourth stage the oil obtained in the second stage is washed one or more times with water.

Abstract: The present invention solves the problem of managing resin-containing waste liquors within the cellulose pulp industry. The invention relates to a method for purifying resin-containing waste liquor in the manufacture of cellulose pulp, in which method a pH-adjusting chemical is, when necessary, added to resin-containing waste liquor removed from the cellulose pulps, so that the pH of the waste liquor will lie within the pH range 1-7, and in which a water-soluble organic polymer is added to the waste liquor in the form of a forwardly moving liquid stream. The method is characterized by dividing up the requisite amount of polymer into part quantities which are introduced into the liquid stream on at least two occasions, by subjecting the liquid stream to a pronounced shearing and/or turbulent treatment process, and by subsequently separating agglomerated resin from the waste liquor.

Abstract: A novel treatment scenario which considerably improves detackification of paint overspray consisting of undiluted high solids enamel, epoxy resin or polyurethanes in the wash water of paint spray booths is disclosed, comprised of (i) a dialkylamine-epihalohydrin in combination with a modified tannin and/or (ii) a dialkylamine epihalohydrin in combination with a melamine formaldehyde type polymer.

Abstract: A method is provided for removing elemental sulfur particles from a hydrogen sulfide removal process which employs a regenerable, aqueous washing solution capable of absorbing hydrogen sulfide from an industrial gas stream and converting that hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur. The washing solution of such a process is contacted with bubbles of an oxygen-containing gas while in the presence of an effective amount of a cationic sulfur particle-size increasing polymeric flocculent to form a sulfur-containing froth from which the sulfur is recovered.

Abstract: A composition and method for detackifying paint spray booth water containing particles from paint spray is disclosed which uses a reaction product of an aldehyde with either a urea or an aminotriazine or both, and at least one of;(i) a hydrolyzed polyacrylamide;(ii) certain modified tannins in further combination with diallyldialkyl quaternary ammonium polymers or polymers derived by reacting certain dialkylamines with epihalohydrins.

Abstract: A liquid recovery system and method for precipitating dissolved solid material out of a spent liquid, and for thereafter separating the precipitated solid material from the liquid to provide a recovered liquid. The system includes a first tank for receiving spent liquid in a substantially continuous manner, a second tank for receiving a quantity of spent liquid from the first tank, a separator for separating solid material from the spent liquid in the second tank to provide a recovered liquid in the second tank, a third tank for receiving a quantity of recovered liquid from the second tank, and output means for delivering recovered liquid from the third tank in a continuous manner. The separator includes a separator tank through which spent liquid in the second tank is circulated during a circulation period to separate precipitated solid material from the spent liquid.

Abstract: Method of treating hard water containing dissolved and/or suspended volatile non-aqueous material, in which the water is heated by direct contact with steam to precipitate the hardness and resulting in three phases, namely, a gas phase comprising steam and vapor of volatile non-aqueous material, a soft water phase and a sludge (precipitate) phase. The gas phase is separated carrying with it the volatile non-aqueous components derived from the feed water. The soft water phase is separated from the sludge. The separated water phase is free or substantially free of volatile non-aqueous material and is suitable for use in a once through steam generator to produce saturated steam. The steam used to heat and strip the feed water is generated outside the process and preferably is steam generated in a conventional steam generator from a portion of the soft water produced in the process. The remainder of the soft water may be used to generate steam, e.g.

Abstract: A method is provided for the purification and concentration of soy protein comprising mixing an aqueous solution including soy protein along with other water soluble moieties including sugars, salts, and phytins with a solid crosslinked polymer gel selected from the group consisting of N-substituted polyacrylamides and copolymers of N-substituted polyacrylamides; swelling the gel to absorb a portion of the water and other water soluble moieties including sugars, salts, and phytins from the aqueous solution by substantially maintaining the temperature of the gel at a preselected temperature below the lower critical solution temperature of the gel, to yield a concentrated soy protein solution; and separating the concentrated soy protein solution from the swollen gel. The concentrated soy protein solution may be repeatedly subjected to the gel treatment depending on the desired purity of the protein and the desired solids concentration.

Abstract: Water soluble low molecular weight cationic polymeric coagulants in combination with colloidal silica are excellent paint detackification agents for treating paint spray booth waters which are contaminated with paint particles.