Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods of preparing dialysate for use in a home dialysis system that is compact and light-weight relative to existing systems and consumes relatively low amounts of energy. The method includes coupling a household water stream to a dialysis system; filtering the water stream; heating the water stream to at least about 138 degrees Celsius in a non-batch process to produce a heated water stream; maintaining the heated water stream at or above at least about 138 degrees Celsius for at least about two seconds; cooling the heated water stream to produce a cooled water stream; ultrafiltering the cooled water stream; and mixing dialysate components into the cooled water stream in a non-batch process.

Abstract: A sustainable method and system for treating and maintaining bodies of water at low cost for low density recreational use is disclosed. A system of the invention generally includes at least one containing means, at least one coordination means, at least one chemical application means, at least one non-intrusive mobile suction means, and at least one filtration means. The coordinating means can receive information regarding water quality parameters that are controlled, and can timely activate the processes necessary to adjust the water quality parameters within their respective limits. The disclosed methods and system filter only a small fraction of the total water volume, up to 200 times less per day than the flow filtered by conventional swimming pool filtration systems. The disclosed methods and system also use less chemicals, up to 100 times less than conventional swimming pool water treatment systems.

Abstract: A method for monitoring and/or controlling the process flow of a waste water system having waste water in waste water lines, comprising the steps as follows: measuring volume flow of waste water at a location remote from a waste water cleaning plant; measuring at least one additional waste water relevant parameter at the location remote from the waste water cleaning plant; evaluating the measurement data and detecting system relevant events; and undertaking measures in the waste water cleaning plant and/or at the location remote from the waste water cleaning plant as a function of the system relevant event. Furthermore, the invention relates to a system for performing the method.

Abstract: A method and system for treating water, and using the treated water for the cooling of industrial processes is disclosed. The water is treated and stored in a large container or artificial lagoon, has high clarity and high microbiological quality. A system of the invention generally includes a containing means, such as a large container or artificial lagoon, a coordination means, a chemical application means, a mobile suction means, and a filtration means. The coordination means monitors and controls the processes in order to adjust water quality parameters within specified limits. The large container or artificial lagoon can act as a heat sink, absorbing waste heat from the industrial cooling process, thus creating thermal energy reservoirs in a sustainable manner, which can be later used for other purposes. The method and system can be used in any industrial cooling system with any type of water available, including fresh water, brackish water, and seawater.

Abstract: This invention refers to continuous flow devices for detecting and/or removal of contaminants from a liquid stream. The device comprises a cartridge with an inlet and outlet for the liquid stream, a radiation incident and emerging wall portion and optically transparent support material packed in the cartridge such that a liquid stream can pass between voids or spaces formed within the optically transparent material, as well as a radiation source and detector. The support material comprises molecules for capturing at least one contaminant on the surface of the support material and each of the capture molecules comprises at least one reporter group which emits a signal upon binding of the contaminant. Another form of the invention refers to a rotatable support within the liquid stream.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus are provided for controlling a filtration plant having at least one vacuum filter, at least one vacuum pump and at least one filter tank, by which a medium that is to be filtered and that includes solid particles and liquid is separated into a concentrate including predominantly solid particles and a filtrate comprising predominantly liquid. The method may include: determining at least one first parameter of the filtration plant in the form of a residual moisture content of the concentrate and/or of a density of the filtrate as a function of time or a second parameter of the filtration plant, forming a derivative of the at least one first parameter after the time or the second parameter as at least one first characteristic, determining the sign of the at least one first characteristic, and controlling the filtration plant as a function of the determined sign.

Abstract: A water purification device is provided in the form of a hydrogel matrix containing immobilized nanoparticles that are directly synthesized in-situ in the hydrogel matrix. A related method of decontaminating the water supply contaminated with a target pollutant is also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for removing contaminant from sulfur (or sulphur) to a level that allows re-processed sulfur to reenter a supply chain. The system and method melt contaminated sulfur, filters the molten sulfur, and then dispenses the less contaminated sulfur after filtering it. More specifically, solid contaminated sulfur enters a settling tank, while heated molten sulfur circulates through the system and the settling tank. The circulation of the molten sulfur assists in the melting process of the solid sulfur, allowing the solid sulfur to melt efficiently. In preferred embodiments of the system, the system uses steam jacked sulfur lines and steam tracing to maintain temperatures for melting the solid sulfur and maintaining the molten state of the sulfur circulating through the system. Furthermore, the system comprises a programmable logic controller, which controls motors, pumps, valves, and environment monitoring instruments.

Abstract: Disclosed and claimed is a method of removing contaminants from a process stream or stabilizing a system parameter in the process stream. The method includes providing a filtration system in communication with a controller, wherein the controller is operable to automatically initiate a flow from the process stream into the filtration system when the system parameter of the process stream is within above an upper threshold value and/or below a lower threshold value; and activating the filtration system, wherein the flow comprises a flow rate through the filtration system and the controller is operable to adjust the flow rate.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for rebalancing a solvent solution useful for treating photosensitive printing elements having a photopolymerizable layer. The solvent solution becomes contaminated with unpolymerized material and other materials that release from the photosensitive printing elements during washout treating, and separation of contaminates also removes some of one or more components in the used solvent solution. The method rebalances the proportion of the components in a solvent solution having 3 or more components. The method includes measuring a reclaimant, which has been separated from the contaminates, for two or more properties, calculating a mass of the components to be added to the reclaimant based on an equation generated for each measured property, and adding the mass of the component or components to the reclaimant to adjust the proportion of the components in the reclaimant to targeted proportions.

Abstract: An additive cartridge for dispersing an additive within a filter housing is provided. The additive cartridge includes an additive cartridge housing having a peripheral wall, the additive cartridge housing defining first interior area and a second interior area being divided by a first wall. A first unidirectional fluid path is disposed adjacent the second end, the first fluid path defining a flow path from the second interior area. A first biasing member being made from a shape-memory alloy disposed in the second interior area adjacent the first end, the shape memory alloy moving between a first position and a second position in response to a change in temperature. A first piston member is movably disposed within the second interior area and coupled to the first biasing member, the first piston member defining a dispensing chamber within the second interior area.

Abstract: A system for controlling the sedimentation of sand or grit particles suspended in waste water contained in a grit chamber by determining the temperature of water contained in the grit chamber and by operating a turbulence creating means on the basis of the water temperature. A method of controlling the sedimentation of sand and grit particles suspended in waste water contained in a grit chamber, by determining the temperature of water contained in the grit chamber and by operating a turbulence creating means on the basis of the water temperature.

Abstract: A filter device for filtering a suspension comprises at least one filter for continuous creation of a filter cake containing particles from the suspension; at least one dispensing device configured to apply at least one first wash liquid to the filter cake created by the at least one filter; and at least one steaming unit configured to steam the filter cake using steam, wherein the at least one dispensing device is integrated into a first process chamber and the at least one steaming unit is integrated into a second process chamber separated from the first process chamber by at least one partition wall. The at least one first wash liquid and a second wash liquid used for creating the steam may have boiling temperatures differing by at least 5° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of controlling a real-time oxidation-reduction potential in a hot water system to inhibit corrosion in the hot water system. The method includes defining one or more operational protective zones in the hot water system. One or more of the operational protective zones includes an oxidation-reduction potential probe that is operable to measure a real-time oxidation-reduction potential in the hot water system at operating temperature and pressure. The probe transmits the measured real-time potential to the controller, which assesses and interprets the transmitted potential to determine whether it conforms to an oxidation-reduction potential setting. If the measured potential does not conform the oxidation-reduction potential setting, the controller is operable to feed or remove one or more active chemical species into or from the hot water system and further operable to change at least one system parameter.

Abstract: A method of producing fertilizer out of sludge, in which method sludge is heated with superheated steam for achieving hygienization to destroy pathogenic microorganisms. In the method, the sludge is heated to a temperature of 60 to 100° C. with superheated steam having a temperature of 200 to 600° C. to activate increasing of the amount of soluble carbon in the sludge and to restart biodegradation of the sludge by using non-pathogenic microorganisms still remaining in the sludge after the heating.

Abstract: A separator for separating F.O.G. from an effluent that contains F.O.G. includes a tank, an inlet to the tank for receiving effluent that contains F.O.G., and an outlet to allow grey water to leave the tank. The tank has a size to enable stratification of a layer of F.O.G. present in the tank on water in the tank, and first and second thermocouples are positioned at differing levels in the tank. Conductors couple the thermocouples to sensors, and differing voltages in the thermocouples can be sensed to determine if the thermocouples are surrounded by F.O.G. or water.

Abstract: A treatment system for a watery material that includes: a dewatering tank in which liquefied matter of a material that is gaseous at a normal temperature and a normal pressure is contacted with the watery material and the watery material is separated into the resultant watery material and a liquid phase that contains an aqueous component from the watery material; an evaporator that vaporizes the material that is gaseous at a normal temperature and a normal pressure from the liquid phase; a separator that separates a gas of the material thus vaporized from effluent water; a condenser that condenses the gas into liquefied matter, two or more external heat sources selected from atmosphere, sewage, warm effluent water, and ground water; an external heat temperature detector that detects temperatures of external heats of the external heat sources; and an external heat supply destination controlling unit.

Abstract: The invention provides a method, apparatus and system for separating cellular components, and can be combined with holographic optical trapping manipulation or other forms of optical tweezing. One exemplary method includes providing a first flow having a plurality of components; providing a second flow; contacting the first flow with the second flow to provide a first separation region; and differentially sedimenting a first cellular component of the plurality of components into the second flow while concurrently maintaining a second cellular component of the plurality of components in the first flow. The second flow having the first cellular component is then differentially removed from the first flow having the second cellular component. Holographic optical traps may also be utilized in conjunction with the various flows to move selected components from one flow to another, as part of or in addition to a separation stage.

Abstract: Water is removed from oily water produced during operation of a separation column by withdrawing the oily water from the column during separation into an external separator where the oily water is separated into a water phase and an oily phase. The oily phase is then heated to a temperature effective to produce a density differential that drives the oily phase back into the operating column.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment apparatus and method with stair-like heat treatment tanks for performing a breakdown process are disclosed, in which the apparatus comprises: a mixing tank, for evenly mixing wastewater with reaction agents and thus forming a mixed solution; a plurality of heat treatment tanks, for enabling the mixed solution to circulate therein while being heating for a period of time so as to perform an organic destruction process upon the mixed solution and thus cause a discharging liquid to be formed; a heat exchanger, for enabling a heat exchanging process between the discharging liquid and the mixed solution to be performed therein; a condensation tank, for receiving and cooling the discharging liquid; a water purifier, for purifying and thus separating the discharging water into a cleaned water and a concentrated liquid for outputting; an agent recycling unit, for electrolyzing the concentrated liquid so as to recycle the reaction agents.

Abstract: A method and device for the wet oxidation treatment of liquid waste laden with mineral matter in suspension. The device comprises a reactor including a treatment column, first and second heat exchangers placed upstream and downstream, respectively, of the reactor. The solution to be treated, laden with mineral matter to which an oxidizing gas has been added, is injected into the reactor for treatment after being preheated in the first heat exchanger. When the solution exits the reactor, the hot treated mixture is divided into two hot stream fragments. The first hot treated mixture stream fragment, the flow rate of which is kept constant by a diaphragm column, is used for controlling the temperature of the first heat exchanger and then discharged after being used in the first heat exchanger. The second hot treated mixture stream fragment is directly cooled and discharged when the second hot treated mixture stream fragment leaves the reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing hydrocarbon contaminants from a body of water, comprising a skimming device having a driven skimming member arranged to be passed into and out of said body of water for collecting hydrocarbon contaminants, a temperature sensor for sensing the ambient temperature of the body of water and a control device for controlling operation of the skimming device in response to the output of the temperature sensor. The control device is programmed to operate the skimming device when the temperature sensor indicates that the ambient temperature of the mixture of hydrocarbon contaminants and water and/or the body of water and/or the hydrocarbon contaminants is at or above a predetermined minimum temperature such that the skimming device is operated during periodic increases in the temperature of the body of water without requiring additional heating means.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus are provided for utilizing a substantially condensed phase cryogenic fluid for the purpose of remediation and retrieval of, e.g., spilled crude oil and other “oil spill”-related products from marine/aquatic and terrestrial environments. In some implementations, systems and apparatus are provided for applying a substantially condensed phase cryogenic fluid to a volume of spilled oil, and further having structure for collecting the spilled oil. Some implementations are environmentally-neutral. Substances other than oil may be remediated as well.

Abstract: A method of separating a first fluid from a second fluid may include prewetting with the first fluid at least one channel defined by a separation device, the at least one channel thereby containing a column of the first fluid along its length. A combined flow of the first fluid and the second fluid may be presented to the separation device, so that the at least one channel is in fluid communication with the combined flow. Fluid pressure may be applied across the combined flow and the separation device, but the applied pressure should not exceed the capillary pressure in the at least one channel. Otherwise, the combined flow may be forced through the separation device. In this manner, the first fluid flows through the at least one channel, and the second fluid is excluded from the at least one channel, thereby separating at least a portion of the first fluid from the second fluid.

Abstract: An ablutionary installation including a mixing valve having respective inlets for hot and cold water and an outlet for temperature controlled water, a temperature sensor for monitoring outlet water temperature and providing a signal representative of the outlet water temperature to an electronic controller, a user interface permitting selection of outlet water temperature up to a pre-determined temperature, the electronic controller being operable to compare the selected and sensed outlet water temperatures for controlling the mixing valve to adjust the ratio of hot and cold water delivered to the outlet according to the selected outlet water temperature, and apparatus for initiating a disinfection cycle to deliver water to the outlet at a temperature higher than the pre-determined temperature, wherein the initiating apparatus includes an operating sequence with at least two inputs.

Abstract: A system and method for treating wastewater by continuously flowing wastewater into a chemostat and continuously discharging clean water out of the chemostat. The system can include sensors and an electronic controller for on-line measuring ambient parameters in the chemostat and adjusting the chemostat's operating conditions accordingly.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of inhibiting and/or removing deposits from internal surfaces in a hot water system. The method includes controlling a real-time oxidation-reduction potential in a hot water system to alter the dynamic between deposit constituents and the bulk water of the system to inhibit deposition or initiate deposit removal. The method is equally effective for a system undergoing a wet layup sequence or in an online operational system. The invention further includes a multi-component deposit inhibition and/or removal device, including a receiver, a processor, and a transmitter that work in unison to alter the system dynamics to inhibit or remove deposits.

Abstract: Water is removed from oily water produced during operation of a separation column by withdrawing the oily water from the column during separation into an external separator where the oily water is separated into a water phase and an oily phase. The oily phase is then heated to a temperature effective to produce a density differential that drives the oily phase back into the operating column.

Abstract: Equipment for controlling blood flow in an extra-corporeal blood circuit, comprising at least a first sensor (11), designed to measure an arterial pressure (Part) upstream of a peristaltic pump (9); at least a second sensor (12), designed to measure an angular velocity (?) of the peristaltic pump; a memory (14) designed to store at least one set value (Qset) of the desired blood flow through the access branch, and a calibration function (F) in to at least the variables (v1), related to the angular velocity (?) of the pump, (v2), related to the arterial pressure (Part) in the portion of the said access branch upstream of the peristaltic pump, (v3), related to an actual flow of blood (Qactual) through the said access branch; and at least one control unit (13), capable of calculating an actual flow value (Qactual) by applying the function F to the values of angular velocity and arterial pressure (Part, ?) measured by the sensors; comparing the actual flow (Qactual) with the desired flow (Qset); and varying the a

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of controlling a real-time oxidation-reduction potential in a hot water system undergoing a wet layup sequence to inhibit corrosion in the hot water system. The method includes separating the wet layup sequence into a plurality of phases. Each phase is either short-term or long-term and a subset of the short-term phases is optionally transitional. The method further includes defining one or more zones in the hot water system. At least one of the defined zones is selected for each phase and one or more of the selected zones include at least one ORP probe operable to measure the real-time ORP and communicate with a controller. The ORP probe(s) either intermittently or continuously measure the real-time ORP at operating temperature and pressure at one or more of the selected zones in one or more of the phases and transmit the measured real-time ORP to the controller. The real-time ORP is assessed to determine whether it conforms to an ORP setting for that phase.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention, in performing cooling treatment of a waste liquid, to provide a mechanism which safely treats the waste liquid by cooling, without increasing cost and without providing large equipment. A treatment method of a waste liquid is proposed, in which a chemical liquid is supplied from a chemical liquid supply portion to a chemical liquid treatment portion; water is supplied from a water supply portion to a water treatment portion; a first waste liquid discharged from the chemical liquid treatment portion is made to flow into an inner pipe through a waste chemical portion, concurrently with making a second waste liquid discharged from the water treatment portion flow through a waste water portion into an outer pipe which is disposed outside the inner pipe; and the second waste liquid has a lower temperature than the first waste liquid.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for the extraction of solutes from solid matter using dense gases in a mechanical auger separation system.

Abstract: The present invention describes a system and method for accurately measuring the temperature of a filter element. A temperature transducer, and a communications device are coupled so as to be able to measure and transmit the temperature of a filter element while in use. This system can comprise a single component, integrating both the communication device and the temperature transducer. Alternatively, the system can comprise separate temperature transducer and transmitter components, in communication with one another. In yet another embodiment, a storage element can be added to the system, thereby allowing the device to store a set of temperature values. The use of this device is beneficial to many applications. For example, the ability to read filter temperatures in situ allows improved Sterilization-In-Place (SIP) protocol compliance, since the temperatures of actual filter elements can be directly measured, rather than interpolated as is done currently.

Abstract: The invention provides a vacuum dehydrating system for gypsum slurry, comprising a vacuum dehydrating apparatus, a first water supply apparatus for supplying filter cake washing water to the vacuum dehydrating apparatus, and a water heating apparatus for heating the filter cake washing water. The invention also provides a vacuum dehydrating method, comprising the following steps: 1) heating the filter cake washing water by the water heating apparatus; 2) supplying the heated filter cake washing water to a vacuum dehydrating apparatus during dehydrating the gypsum slurry by the vacuum dehydrating apparatus. In the invention, the filter cake washing water is heated. Due to the higher temperature of filter cake washing water, the dehydration rate of gypsum slurry is improved so that water content of gypsum filter cake after dehydration is decreased.

Abstract: A method, system, apparatus and program for effecting the decomposition of organic waste material comprises: providing a treatment tank for decomposition of organic waste material, the treatment tank containing an active biomass comprising at least one bacteria that decomposes organic material; providing at least two inlets to the treatment tank, a first inlet comprising an inlet for organic material and a second inlet comprising an inlet for an aqueous stream; a processor that receives and stores information on: the status of chemical oxygen demand of the active biomass; and the oxygen provision capability of a first organic material that can be fed into the treatment tank through the first inlet; a mass flow control system controlled by the processor which feeds the at least one organic material through the first inlet at a rate based at least in part upon the status of chemical oxygen demand in the treatment tank as recognized by the processor.

Abstract: Plant for filtering substances to be cleaned of various kinds of semi-solid or liquid polluting substances, constituted by filtering devices (5) connected to each other, including a first circulation circuit of the substances to be cleaned introduced into each filtering device (5) for discharging the polluting substances after having been cleaned; a second circulation circuit of the cleaned liquids and the exit from the plant, and the possible collection into suitable containers; a third circulation circuit of suitable plant washing liquids, so as to clean the various plant component parts of the polluting substances remaining after one or more working cycles. The plant being arranged to set pre-established operative programs, such as to determine a working cycle composed by a first rest step, a second filling step, a third filtering step, a fourth emptying step, a fifth discharge step, a sixth rinsing step and a seventh washing step.

Abstract: Circulating completion, workover and drilling fluids used in hydrocarbon recovery are filtered after monitoring for viscosity, which frequently causes plugging of filters. A viscometer generates a signal representative of viscosity in the fluid; the signal is used by a programmable controller to divert viscous fluid from the filter, or to take other action to prevent damage to the filter. The viscometer can be used in various positions in the system. Fluids deemed too viscous for the filter can be sent to a viscosity-reducing device, which may be a heating, shear-thinning, or cavitation device, to reduce its viscosity, enabling the fluid to pass through a filter without fouling. After filtering and a return to a lower temperature, the fluid may be treated if necessary to become viscous again for a useful purpose. A temperature monitor can be deployed on the fluid emerging or downstream from the cavitation or other device to assist in correlating temperatures to viscosities of various fluids.

Abstract: A system having a reactor for continuous processing of fluid is provided herein. The reactor, in general, includes an outer vessel to accommodate fluids to be processed or used in connection therewith, an inner vessel situated within the outer vessel to serve as an energy exchange surface, and an annular space defined between the outer and inner vessels and along which processing of the fluids can be implemented. The continuous thin film reactor can be used to perform, for example, distillation and evaporation, fluid-fluid or solid-fluid-fluid reactions, organic reactions, cooling, and desalination.

Abstract: Equipment for controlling blood flow in an extracorporeal blood circuit, comprising at least a first sensor, designed to measure an arterial pressure upstream of a peristaltic pump, at least a second sensor, designed to measure an angular velocity of a peristaltic pump, a memory designed to store at least one set value of the desired blood flow through the access branch, a calibration function, and a control unit. The calibration function has at least variables (v1), related to the angular velocity of the pump, (v2), related to the arterial pressure in a portion of the access branch upstream of the peristaltic pump, (v3), related to an actual flow of blood through the access branch.

Abstract: A pressure-filter is disclosed along with its peripheral equipment that permit the automatic controlled operation of the filter for extracting liquids from a fluid liquid/solid slurry and for the formation of a substantially dry filter cake. The efficiency of the filter apparatus is increased by the use of hot gas as a material for treating the cake within the filter for extracting the liquids as filtrate. The hot gas may be hot air, hot inert gas, steam, or combinations thereof in controlled sequences. The filter is adapted to be able to operate under vacuum or elevated pressure and at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: An apparatus for optimizing water purification profile, has a front processing unit, a booster pump having a water inlet, a rear processing unit, a waterflow control unit, an emission control unit, a control circuit, and a temperature sensing probe. The front processing unit is connected to the water inlet via a pipe. The control circuit corresponds to the emission control unit. The temperature sensing probe senses water temperature. The control circuit is connected to the temperature sensing probe whereby automatically adjusting time of producing purified water in a periodic cycle. The apparatus implements a constant water utilization rate as water temperature changes.

Abstract: The embodiments herein relate to a photocatalytic reactor system and photo-degrading method for eliminating organic and high molecular oil contaminant (or pollutants) from industrial wastewater. A more economical and stable titanium dioxide (TiO2) having a diameter of 21±10 nm is used as the photocatalyst. Method and system of present invention is highly efficient, compatibles with the environment and does not require secondary or additional treatments. In one embodiment, an optimal and very low catalyst concentration (100 ppm) is used for high degradation of the pollutant which is irradiated for utmost 120 min using UV light. This has an industrially interest as this method is considered as an alternative or synergetic process for biological degradation, having high residence times, required to provide significant COD removal. The analysis of the contained materials showed that the efficiency of the applied degradation system is high for all the identified present organic pollutants.

Abstract: Circulating completion, workover and drilling fluids used in hydrocarbon recovery are filtered after monitoring for viscosity, which frequently causes plugging of filters. A viscometer generates a signal representative of viscosity in the fluid; the signal is used by a programmable controller to divert viscous fluid from the filter, or to take other action to prevent damage to the filter. The viscometer can be used in various positions in the system. Fluids deemed too viscous for the filter can be sent to a viscosity-reducing device, which may be a heating, shear-thinning, or cavitation device, to reduce its viscosity, enabling the fluid to pass through a filter without fouling. After filtering and a return to a lower temperature, the fluid may be treated if necessary to become viscous again for a useful purpose.

Abstract: This invention refers to continuous flow devices for detecting and/or removal of contaminants from a liquid stream. The device comprises a cartridge with an inlet and outlet for the liquid stream, a radiation incident and emerging wall portion and optically transparent support material packed in the cartridge such that a liquid stream can pass between voids or spaces formed within the optically transparent material, as well as a radiation source and detector. The support material comprises molecules for capturing at least one contaminant on the surface of the support material and each of the capture molecules comprises at least one reporter group which emits a signal upon binding of the contaminant. Another form of the invention refers to a rotatable support within the liquid stream.

Abstract: Cooling water (circulating back water) which is raised its temperature by a refrigerator 12 is sprayed from a spraying device 2 of a cooling tower, and is collected in a pit 4. The cooling water in the pit 4 is circulated via a circulation pump (10), a circulation forward pipe (11) and a circulation return pipe through the refrigerator 12. Make-up water is supplied from a make-up water line 9 at a rate corresponding to an evaporation loss, windage loss W and a blowdown water amount B from a blowdown valve 8 of a blowdown line 7 of the cooling tower 1. A load of the cooling tower is calculated based on a temperature difference between the circulating forward water and the circulating back water, and a feeding rate of a treating agent from a feeding device 14 is controlled based on the load.

Abstract: A slurry filtration system and apparatus with peripheral elements for conditioning a slurry prior to entry into a pressure filter (32) and the control of fluid and liquid introductions into the filter (32) to produce a desired filter cake or filtrate. The system includes a controller (16) for controlling the operation of the peripheral treatment for the introduction of coagulants, flocculants and polymers to treat or condition a slurry introduced into the filter (32) and the control of additional peripheral equipment for treatment of the slurry with liquid clearing or cake forming gas, steam, or drying or conditioning gas within the filter chamber (40) for the production of both filtrate and filter cake from the filter (32) to a form desired.

Abstract: A device and method for detecting complications during an extracorporeal blood treatment are provided. During the dialysis treatment, the dialysance or clearance may be continuously determined at successive points in time based on a measured change in a physical or chemical characteristic quantity of the dialysis liquid, for example, the ion concentration of the dialysis liquid. In the event a significant change in the dialysance or clearance is established, the determination of the recirculation may be effected based on a measured change in a physical or chemical characteristic quantity of the blood. When both a significant change in the determined dialysance as well as in the recirculation occurs, a complication may be assumed with regard to a bad vessel access. Alternatively, a complication may be assumed with regard to the dialyzer.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus are provided for the nitrification and denitrification of digested biosolids. The rate of nitrification/denitrification is controlled by sensing the amount of oxygen or another parameter in the digested biosolids and adjusting the amount of oxygen supplied to the biosolids, such as through automated adjustment of an aeration device. To promote nitrification, the amount of oxygen available in the digested biosolids is increased. To promote denitrification, the amount of oxygen available in the digested biosolids is decreased. The processes and apparatus are well suited for reducing the concentration of ammonium in biosolids or off-gas resulting from aerobic thermophilic digestion of wastewater sludges. The processes and apparatus are well suited for reducing the dosage of chemicals required for dewatering operations of biosolids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for processing greywater, comprising the following steps:—supplying water to a reservoir of a greywater device;—collecting the supplied water in the reservoir;—conducting water out of the reservoir to at least one reservoir of a water consumer;—monitoring the water quality; and—flushing the water from the reservoir of the greywater device and/or the reservoir of the water consumer into a sewer drain when the water quality drops below an acceptable level. Furthermore, the invention relates to a control system for controlling a greywater device, a system for reusing greywater, comprising a greywater device and a control system, and a greywater consumer, in particular a toilet, which is connected to such a system.

Abstract: A system for controlling the sedimentation of sand or grit particles suspended in waste water contained in a grit chamber by determining the temperature of water contained in the grit chamber and by operating a turbulence creating means on the hasis of the water temperature. A method of controlling the sedimentation of sand and grit particles suspended in waste water contained in a grit chamber, by determining the temperature of water contained in the grit chamber and by operating a turbulence creating means on the basis of the water temperature.