Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the manufacture of a chromium-containing catalyst with a reduced amount of chromium-(VI)-oxide which process comprises the steps: a) preparing a solid particulate chromium-containing oxidic catalyst comprising Cr-(VD-oxide, b) introducing the solid particulate catalyst into a reactor in which the catalyst particles are mixed using process gas and/or mechanical means, c) introducing a reducing agent for chromium-(VI) into the reactor, d) treating the solid particulate catalyst with the reducing agent in the reactor for a time, at a temperature and at a pressure, so that the chromium-(VI) content in the particulate catalyst is considerably reduced by the reducing agent, and e) discharging the solid particulate catalyst comprising a reduced chromium-(VI) content from the reactor. The disclosed process is simple and efficient and allows manufacture of chromium-containing oxidic catalysts with low content of Cr-(VI)-oxide on an industrial scale.

Abstract: Provided is a method of bioremediation of organic contaminated water within an annulus of an oil lubricated shaft, the method includes: (a) introducing into the annulus of said oil lubricated shaft an amount of a bioremediation combination including (i) a microbial cocktail capable of biodegrading the organic contaminants and (ii) nitrogen source, such that said bioremediation combination is brought into contact with water suspected of being contaminated in said annulus; and (b) supply into said annulus oxygen source for a time sufficient for biodegradation of at least a portion of said organic contaminants in the water within the annulus.

Abstract: In one implementation, a direct-push oxidant candle apparatus for the treatment of contaminated groundwater through direct-push installation methods includes: a drive tip positioned at a bottom end of the apparatus, the drive tip having one or more front surfaces that are shaped to create a bore as force is applied to an opposite base surface of the drive tip; a structural pathway that is connected to and extend upwardly from the base surface of the drive tip; one or more oxidant delivery devices that are enclosed within the structural pathway; and one or more fluid supply lines that extend from one or more locations outside of the bore and that terminate at or near a bottom end of the structural pathway so that fluid supplied through the fluid supply lines travels through the structural pathway and along the one or more oxidant delivery devices.

Abstract: To develop a Fenton reaction catalyst that can maintain divalent iron stably for a long period of time, can utilize trivalent iron or metallic iron, which is an inexpensive iron-supplying source, by converting into divalent iron, and is harmless to the human body and the environment, provided is a Fenton reaction catalyst, including, as an active component, a reaction product obtained by mixing a specific reducing organic substance (e.g., ascorbic acid, a polyphenol-containing plant component, or a plant dry distillation liquid component) with an iron-supplying source at a predetermined ratio in the presence of water. Also provided are a sterilization method, a pollutant degradation method, and a luminescence method based on chemiluminescence, which involve using the Fenton reaction catalyst.

Abstract: A process is provided for bioremediating petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater by applying at least one electron acceptor salt to a ground surface overlying the contaminated groundwater. The process includes identifying characteristics of the aquifer, in which the contaminated groundwater is found, to enable treatment of aquifers at a range of depths below the ground surface.

Abstract: In a device and a process for purifying water which is contaminated with sulphate ions and heavy metal ions, the water is collected in a water reservoir and a substance having basic activity in water is fed to the water reservoir in such a manner that a precipitant having heavy metal ions is precipitated from the water, wherein at least a subquantity of water is taken off from the water reservoir and is separated into pure water which is substantially freed from sulphate ions and heavy metal ions and dirty water which is enriched with sulphate ions and heavy metal ions. The dirty water is at least in part recirculated to the water reservoir, as a result of which a concentration of sulphate ions in the water reservoir is achieved such that a precipitant having sulphate ions is precipitated from the water.

Abstract: Reactive treatment cells (RTCs) are described in combination with sediment capping systems as a means for environmental remediation. RTCs include an impermeable housing defining an interior, a permeable ceiling and floor typically including filtration materials such as geotextiles, and at least one interior compartment for treatment reagents. One RTC includes a gabion-like cage structure retaining a geomembrane-supported geosynthetic clay liner (GM-GCL) housing, while a second embodiment includes a hard, cylindrical shell as a replaceable reagent cartridge. RTCs may be employed in initial capping system installations or retrofitted into existing capping systems. RTCs may include optional baffles, flow restrictors, floating discs, sensor probes, and two or more serial reagent zones or compartments.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing chlorine dioxide by reducing sodium chlorate with a reducing agent in the presence of a strong acid comprising feeding ammonium salt to the reactor to produce also chloramine. The present invention also provides a method for disinfecting water.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new form of reactive ozone and techniques for producing nanobubble suspensions of the reactive ozone. The bubbles entrap a high concentration of ozone, with the ozone orienting a net negative charge outwards and a net positive charge inwards.

Abstract: A method of reclaiming a formate brine may include increasing the pH of a spent formate brine fluid comprising water-soluble polymers; treating the fluid with an oxidizing agent; and removing at least a portion of suspended solids from the fluid. Further, a method of reclaiming a formate brine may include lowering the pH of the spent formate brine fluid comprising water-soluble polymers; increasing the pH of the spent formate brine fluid to initiate precipitation of materials solubilized in the fluid; treating the fluid with an oxidizing agent to break down remaining water-soluble polymer; and recovering at least a portion of the formate brine.

Abstract: An improved and efficient method of producing a composition containing a metal peroxide capable of enhancing microbial degradation of contaminants in soil and groundwater. The method includes reacting a metal oxide or metal hydroxide with hydrogen peroxide in a solution of water containing a reaction moderator, intercalation agent, and a gelling agent.

Abstract: A compact and portable liquid concentrator and contaminant scrubber includes a gas inlet, a gas exit and a flow corridor connecting the gas inlet and the gas exit, wherein the flow corridor includes a narrowed portion that accelerates the gas through the flow corridor. A liquid inlet injects liquid into the gas stream at a point prior to the narrowed portion so that the gas-liquid mixture is thoroughly mixed within the flow corridor, causing a portion of the liquid to be evaporated. A demister or fluid scrubber downstream of the narrowed portion removes entrained liquid droplets from the gas stream and re-circulates the removed liquid to the liquid inlet through a re-circulating circuit. A reagent may be mixed with the liquid to react with contaminants in the liquid.

Abstract: A treatment system for degrading chlorinated dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) is disclosed. The treatment system comprises a solvent system and hydrophobic zero valent irons distributed in the solvent system. In addition, the method of remediation of groundwater is also disclosed by using the treatment system.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains to systems and methods for removing hydrocarbon contaminants from a contaminated solid using an environmentally benign extractant and an oleophilic absorber, where the environmentally benign extractant and the oleophilic absorber are separate components.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the remediation of environmental contaminants using redox reactions are described. The redox reactions include manganese compounds and peroxide generating compounds. The methods and compositions are also useful for the remediation of highly oxidized environmental contaminants.

Abstract: Various embodiments of contaminant removal systems, compositions, and methods are described herein. In one embodiment, a method for oxidizing a contaminant includes contacting the contaminant with a peroxygen compound and initializing, maintaining, or propagating degradation of the peroxygen compound with an oxygenated organic compound, thereby releasing oxidizing radicals. The method also includes oxidizing the contaminant with the released oxidizing radicals.

Abstract: A water treatment system for producing a sodium hypochlorite solution to control bacteria levels in well water containing: a pH adjuster; a container containing solid calcium hypochlorite for producing a calcium hypochlorite solution; and a container containing solid sodium carbonate for producing the sodium hypochlorite solution and a method of controlling bacteria levels in well water by using intermittent injections of a sodium hypochlorite solution with alternating pH values.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of raising the pH of a body of water having a pH of less than 4.5 by introducing neutralizing agent, the raising of the pH taking place in at least two stages thus: at pH levels below 4.5, a first neutralizing agent having a final conductivity of not more than 100 ?S/cm, and, after attainment of a pH of at least 4.5, a second neutralizing agent, having a final conductivity of more than 100 ?S/cm, is introduced into the body of water, the final conductivity of the neutralizing agents being defined as the conductivity of an aqueous suspension or solution of neutralizing agent in solution equilibrium at 25° C., having a neutralizing agent content of 0.015% by weight.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds, compositions, and methods useful for bioremediation of a contamination. In particular, described herein are compositions that include one or methyl esters of a fatty acid and one or more bioremediation reagents, and methods for their use.

Abstract: When a large-scale contaminant plume is located under a surface area with conditions that prevent placement of a network of injection and associated extraction wells, embodiments of the invention may be used to pump a specific volume of the contaminant plume to at least one remote in-situ treatment cell, comprising at least one injection well surrounded by a plurality of associated extraction wells, where each extraction well is less than 300 feet from the associated injection well, and has a treatment zone with treatment reagent between injection and associated extraction wells.

Abstract: A method for providing for the use of underground aquifers for water storage for municipalities or recharge. Water is treated and injected for storage in the aquifer by the addition of a small amount of a sulfide compound to remove dissolved oxygen and prevent dissolution of negative valence sulfur bearing minerals, such as pyrite, in the subsurface. The stored water may be subsequently withdrawn from the aquifer and treated to remove residual amounts of sulfide ions. The withdrawn water being suitable as potable water, irrigation water, industrial use water, and aquifer water level enhancement water.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of oxidizing an organic compound present in soil, groundwater, process water or wastewater comprising contacting such organic compound with a persulfate and an organic acid selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid and citric acid, wherein the molar ratio of such organic acid to persulfate is between 1:100 and 3:1.

Abstract: Provided is a radon reduction apparatus for groundwater disinfection. The radon reduction apparatus includes an agitation space forming body that groundwater fed through a groundwater feed pipe passes through before inflow into the groundwater storage tank and that forms a water turbine installation space whose top portion is not filled with groundwater; a water turbine located in the water turbine installation space to be rotated by groundwater when the fed groundwater falls, is run against the bottom and scattered; an oxygen supply unit supplying oxygen to groundwater before inflow of the groundwater to the agitation space forming body; a ventilating fan rotated by receiving rotary power of the water turbine and connected to the water turbine installation space to discharge air of the water turbine installation space; and an antiseptic solution supply unit supplying antiseptic solution to be mixed with the groundwater.

Abstract: A method of degrading halogenated organic compounds, to use of the method for decontaminating PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid) and PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) contaminated medium, and a composition such as that which is suitable to be applied in said method.

Abstract: A dechlorinator for dechlorinating a stream of water comprises a housing comprising an inlet and an outlet. The housing defines a flow path between the inlet and the outlet. A filter is operatively supported in the housing and located in the flow path. At least one dechlorinating tablet is operatively supported in the housing and located in the flow path downstream of the filter for dechlorinating water flowing from the filter to the outlet.

Abstract: In situ formation of U(VI)-Fe(III) oxides and hydroxides can provide effective uranium remediation. The reason for this is that such compounds can effectively sequester uranium, even in the (VI) oxidation state. Such compounds can be formed in situ by 1) providing Fe(II), 2) reducing uranium to U(IV), and 3) oxidizing the resulting mixture to provide the desired U(VI)-Fe(III) oxides and hydroxides.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for in-situ remediation of soil and groundwater having contaminants such as but not limited to organic compounds perhaps providing adsorption, chemical oxidation, and even biodegradation of contaminants with novel treatments such as but not limited to mixtures of granular activated carbon, calcium peroxide, sodium persulfate, and nitrate perhaps in various concentrations.

Abstract: Light expanded clay aggregates are described that are prepared by firing and expanding a clay-based material, wherein metals such as palladium, copper or nickel are added to the clay together with iron prior to expansion and firing. The expanded clay aggregates can be used for cleaning of water contaminated with halogenated organic compounds. The latter are chemically degraded to harmless compounds in proximity of the added metals. The aggregates can be used as a reactive medium for treatment of contaminated groundwater, wastewater and landfill leachate.

Abstract: Light expanded clay aggregates are described that are prepared by firing and expanding a clay-based material, wherein metals such as palladium, copper or nickel are added to the clay together with iron prior to expansion and firing. The expanded clay aggregates can be used for cleaning of water contaminated with halogenated organic compounds. The latter are chemically degraded to harmless compounds in proximity of the added metals. The aggregates can be used as a reactive medium for treatment of contaminated groundwater, wastewater and landfill leachate.

Abstract: A method for enhancing biotransformation of groundwater contaminants is provided. The method comprises steps of providing an injection column at an upstream of a contaminated source for injecting a compost solid; providing a recirculation device at a downstream of the contaminated source; forming a compost liquid by mixing surface water or groundwater from the recirculation device with the compost solid, and the groundwater bringing the compost liquid to the contaminated source at the downstream; and producing a reaction at the contaminated source and the downstream. Also, the groundwater contaminants can be adsorbed and biodegraded in the injection column at the upstream by the recirculation of the recirculation device.

Abstract: The induction of reducing conditions and stimulating anaerobic process through the addition of species of seaweed (Dulse, Nori, Ascophyllum nodosum, and Kelp) to accomplish accelerated dechlorinization of soil and groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvents and heavy metals.

Abstract: A groundwater remediation process with an advanced oxidation process (AOP) process called hydroxy-zone. The hydroxy-zone process uses ozone gas injection combined with potassium hydroxide treatment to generate hydroxyl radicals.

Abstract: A system and method for remediating a body of water and collecting suspended and dissolved solids therefrom are provided. The system includes a water-impervious lining positionable in a depression in or adjacent a body of water. The lining and depression define a treatment vessel, which includes a treatment portion, an outlet portion for containing treated water, and an outflow weir between the treatment portion and the outlet portion. Water to be treated is transported from the water body to the treatment portion. An entrapment element is delivered and mixed into the transported water, the entrapment element for capturing suspended and dissolved solids in the transported water and effecting a separation between the captured solids and water cleansed therefrom. The captured solids can be removed from the treatment basin, and the cleansed water can move through a channel in the outflow weir into the outlet portion.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods relating to advanced, high pressure oxidation are described. The devices, systems, and methods can be used to decontaminate ground water in a well or opening in a ground water table, and to recover minerals and hydrocarbons from subterranean deposits.

Abstract: A method for providing for the use of underground aquifers for water storage for municipalities or recharge. Water is treated and injected for storage in the aquifer by the addition of a small amount of a sulfide compound to remove dissolved oxygen and prevent dissolution of negative valence sulfur bearing minerals. such as pyrite. in the subsurface. The stored water may be subsequently withdrawn from the aquifer and treated to remove residual amounts of sulfide ions. The withdrawn water being suitable as potable water, irrigation water, industrial use water, and aquifer water level enhancement water.