Abstract: To control build-up of paint in the water tank an alkaline liquid containing NaOH is added in quantities to maintain a pH not substantially less than 9, thus preventing corrosion, and a hydroxide ion concentration not exceeding 0.01M. The additive is introduced by a metering pump under the control of a programmed timer over a seven day cycle. Over half the amount to be added in the cycle is introduced as a single discrete dose (preferably before a weekend) and the rest as smaller doses at intervals.

Abstract: An improved process and apparatus for continuously treating sewage wastewater by chemical oxidation of the contaminates and characterized by a high degree of oxygen absorption and utilization. An enclosed vessel continuously receives liquid wastewater at one end thereof to define a liquid level and the treated sewage is continuously removed from the other end to maintain the liquid level. Oxygen gas in the form of a mixture of O.sub.2 and O.sub.3 is introduced under pressure into the vessel, while pressurizing the vessel and creating an oxygen-rich atmosphere in an upper portion of the vessel, to chemically treat the wastewater through absorption of the oxygen by the wastewater.

Abstract: In a method of treating waste water obtained in a direct washing with water of raw gas in a plant for a gasification of gas, the waste water is first settled in a settling tank and a resultant concentrated slime-containing water is subjected to a multi-stage oxidation with air or oxygen only at the temperatures of between 20.degree. C., and 80.degree. C., and the slime-containing water obtained after the oxidation is conveyed to a filtration system or a slime-depositing container.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of sewage effluent treatment comprising oxidizing sewage effluent by reacting hydrogen peroxide with a catalyst selected from the group consisting of potassium iodide and potassium hydroxide, while in communication with the sewage effluent. If desired, the reaction may be initiated with metalloid iodine.

Abstract: The present invention is a process to oxidize a contaminant in a permeable subterranean formation by introducing an aqueous treating solution into the formation which solution contains hydrogen peroxide and a compound to control the mobility of the aqueous solution by increasing the viscosity, the density, or modifying the interfacial properties of the aqueous solution within the formation. The aqueous treating solution may also contain stabilizers for the hydrogen peroxide, free radical initiators, or free radical traps. Optionally, the formation may be pretreated to modify the permeability of the formation, to deactivate or remove hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst or to uniformly distribute free radical initiators therein.

Abstract: The present invention is a process to stimulate the biooxidation of a contaminant in a subterranean formation by introducing an aqueous solution into the formation. The concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is increased thereby acclimating the biota to higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Periodically the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is increased for a short time sufficiently to be toxic to the biota at or relatively adjacent to the site of introduction, thereby increasing the permeability of the formation at or adjacent to the site of introduction.

Abstract: A method of, and a device for, providing a disinfectant carried by a water supply flowing through a conduit, comprising introducing a predetermined portion of the water into a sealed container having a reservoir and a chamber below the reservoir in intercommunication therewith, the reservoir holding a quantity of iodine crystals and being of a predetermined size sufficient to hold a quantity of water proportional to the maximum flow rate attainable through the conduit and such that a minimum concentration of 120 parts per million (milligrams per liter) is obtainable as an outflow from the container when the supply of water is at least above freezing, the predetermined portion of the water being introduced into the chamber and outflowing from the reservoir above the iodine crystals whereby all said water portion passes between the iodine crystals. The device includes inlet means opening into the chamber and outlet means opening from the reservoir above the iodine crystals.

Abstract: An open end (61) of a tube (62) is disposed below a free surface of a treating solution (60) which is capable of reacting with a liquid effluent to provide a disposable reaction product. A pressurized gas which is non-reactive with the effluent and with the treating solution causes the effluent to be moved through the tube and discharged into contact with the treating solution. Also, the gas is flowed through a shroud (63) disposed concentrically about the tube. The gas envelops the effluent and the shroud prevents contact of the treating material with the effluent and the gas along a predetermined distance beyond the open end of the tube. This arrangement causes the treating material to react with the effluent at a location spaced from the end of the tube thereby preventing clogging of the tube. The discharge of the gas along with the liquid effluent into the treating solution causes a substantial mixing of the two liquids to provide a substantially complete reaction.

Abstract: The concentration of cyanides in the sour water system of FCC reactor is controlled by injecting such an amount of ammonium polysulfide (APS) into the system that the weight ratio of net free sulfur to simple cyanides in the sour water is about 0.6 to about 3.8. The pH of the sour water is at least 8.0.

Abstract: According to an embodiment thereof, the method comprises using a pair of reaction vessels, sequentially, to treat the sludge. Both vessels are pressurized, and the first thereof has an aerator for aerating the sludge, and receives sulfuric acid and chlorine thereinto through a port. A dewatering device is provided upstream of the first vessel, and the outlet of the first vessel is coupled to an inlet of the second vessel through another dewatering device. The second vessel defines a final-treatment chamber in which the sludge is exposed to ozone, air and lime. The treatment method, then, comprises the steps namely: introducing the sludge into the first vessel and oxidizing and depressing the pH of the sludge so introduced, and recycling the sludge in the first vessel over a given period of time. Thereafter the sludge is dewatered and conducted to the second vessel wherein it is exposed to air, ozone and lime, as aforesaid, and discharged after a like period of time.

Abstract: A device for treating a process fluid contained within a closed chamber with a chemical reactant including a compartment for containing the chemical reactant and a port for allowing flow of the process fluid therethrough. The device is characterized by a recirculation mechanism, such as a piston, for alternately drawing a portion of the process fluid into the compartment through the port to bring the portion of the process fluid into direct contact with the chemical reactant and dissolve and/or react a portion of the chemical reactant into the portion of the process fluid and then forcing the portion of the process fluid out of the compartment through the port to circulate the dissolved chemical reactant throughout the remaining process fluid within the closed chamber.A method of treating the process fluid is also disclosed and includes the steps of disposing a portion of the device below the surface of the process fluid so that the port of the device is within the process fluid.

Abstract: An improved process for the removal of urea, ammonia, and carbon dioxide from dilute aqueous solutions thereof by hydrolyzing the urea, and thereafter desorbing ammonia and carbon dioxide. The dilute solution containing urea is passed into the top portion of a reaction column and caused to flow downward and countercurrent to a heating and stripping gas while maintaining the reaction column at a pressure of between about 10 and 30 bar, and a top column temperature of between about 170.degree. and 220.degree. C. and a bottom column temperature of between about 180.degree. and 230.degree. C. The resulting liquid stream removed from the bottom of the reaction column, comprised of a substantially urea-free aqueous solution of ammonia and carbon dioxide, is introduced into a desorption zone wherein, at a pressure of between about 1 and 5 bar, ammonia and carbon dioxide are removed therefrom.

Abstract: A method of reducing the activity of non-volatile mutagens, in chlorinated water, such as chlorinated drinking water and municipal and industrial waste water, by sulfite treatment. The chlorinated water is treated with a stoichiometric excess of sulfur dioxide or soluble sulfite or bisulfite salt sufficient to dechlorinate the water and at least partially destroy the mutagens present.

Abstract: A method for reclaiming an aqueous emulsion useful as a metal-working lubricant/coolant which is contaminated with particles of at least one metal comprises contacting the contaminated emulsion with at least one metal solubilizing agent at metal solubilizing conditions to solubilize at least a portion of the metal particles. The thus contacted emulsions have improved suitability as a metal-working lubricant/coolant relative to the contaminated emulsion.

Abstract: A process for treating a cyanide and cyanate-containing aqueous influent such as a wastewater stream is provided. A two-stage method is included for destroying a cyanide-containing influent which comprises;(a) introducing said cyanide-containing influent into a first ozone-contacting zone;(b) contacting said influent in said first zone with a second ozone-containing gas, at least a portion of said second ozone-containing gas comprising a first ozone-depleted gas withdrawn from a second contact zone to form a first cyanide-depleted effluent and a second ozone-depleted gas;(c) introducing said first cyanide-depleted effluent into a second ozone-contacting zone;(d) contacting said effluent in said second zone with a first ozone-containing gas to form a second cyanide-depleted effluent and a first ozone-depleted gas;(e) withdrawing said first ozone-depleted gas from said second contact zone; and(f) withdrawing said second cyanide-depleted effluent from said second zone.

Abstract: The process for the purification of urea containing waste streams is improved by conducting the purification in a vessel having at least one treating zone wherein the urea containing waste stream is both hydrolyzed and stripped of the products of the urea hydrolysis and other impurities found in the waste stream.

Abstract: A multi-stage gas/liquid reactor is disclosed which has several concentric internal baffles, which define reaction stage zones. A central liquid inlet and an array of gas inlets supply the reactants which flow sequentially through diametrically opposed baffle passages to the various reaction stage zones. A method of using such a reactor to provide radially outward, positive pressure against the baffles is also disclosed.

Abstract: There is described a device comprising a filtering compartment enclosing a filtering body, an inlet for unfiltered water and an outlet for filtered water, said inlet being preceded by a liquid-receiving compartment which communicates with a container containing a sterilizing product at a level lower than the highest permissible water level inside said receiving compartment and above the filtered water outlet level.

Abstract: Apparatus for metering and/or distributing liquid media comprising a substantially horizontal manifold and a plurality of generally vertical discharge conduits which depend from said manifold, said discharge conduits comprising discharge tubes which are open at both ends and are liquid-tightly fitted in and depend from said manifold, each of said tubes having a top end disposed in an upper portion of the manifold and at least one lateral opening disposed above a joint between said tube and the manifold and within said manifold.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for treating waste water by circulating it, together with oxygen-containing gas, through communicating downflow and upflow pipes enclosed in a treatment chamber, the pipes being open at their bottom ends, and controlling the flow of waste water/gas mixture from the downflow pipe to cause gas bubbles to escape downwardly, or part downwardly and part upwardly, in the treatment chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for effecting accelerated chemical reactions between reactants at elevated temperatures and pressures including the wet oxidation of materials in waste streams. A reactor has a through pipe that extends down into a cased hole in the earth and back up independent of the hole. A controlled flow of influent fluid with reactants is flowed down the pipe to form a hydrostatic column of fluid that is of sufficient depth to exert a pressure and provide a temperature sufficient to cause reactants to react at an accelerated reaction rate and to achieve the necessary retention time to substantially complete the reaction. Heat is released in the reaction zone to heat the fluid, and the heated fluid is then flowed back up in heat exchange relation to the downflowing fluid. The temperature of the fluid is controlled in the reaction zone by adding heat for start-up and selectively adding or removing heat to maximize the reaction rate and to prevent boiling of the fluid.