Abstract: A batch process for the treatment of an aqueous solution so that the treated product is more desirable for disposal includes obtaining an influent batch of aqueous solution for treatment, treating the batch of solution by an advanced oxidation process. The advanced oxidation process including causing ozone to be mixed with the solution, maintaining the mixture of solution and ozone at a pressure above atmospheric for a time of at least two seconds. In a preferred embodiment of the process, the process includes continuously recirculating the fluid to be treated, through a recirculation conduit, the recirculation conduit including an ozone injector and the ozone injector is adapted to inject ozone into the aqueous solution as the aqueous solution circulates through an ozone injector. Influent to be treated may be selected from the group including sewage, septage, leachate, ballast or other aqueous solutions where it is desirable to treat the fluid prior to disposal, further treatment, or reuse.

Abstract: A lime stabilization system for treatment of sewage sludge, and method is provided in which dewatered sludge and lime are provided to a mixer. Lime and sludge are mixed to raise the pH during which volatiles are driven off with or without supplemental heat. A forced air draft prevents steam from backing up into the lime supply. The sludge goes to a discharge station via a transfer apparatus, and air containing any dust, odors, steam or ammonia is cleaned via a scrubber. The system is computer-controlled via gravimetric load cells and/or volumetric means. The system includes computer controlled means for dissolving scale resulting from exposure of surfaces to lime, using acid, water or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A water treatment and conveyance apparatus that has a barrel with two ends, each with an indentation to accommodate a handle made of a heavy-duty material, two side members, a transverse grip member and two transverse support members that fit securely into the indentations of the barrel ends. One end of the barrel (the top) has at least one hole accommodating a removable cap, a removable inlet filter of mesh to screen out particles from entering water, and a removable outlet filter. In use, the handle is attached to both ends of the barrel in the indentations and the barrel is rolled and pulled to a water source and back to the puller's abode. After filling the barrel, a cleansing chemical such as a chlorine tablet is added to the water to help sterilize the water in transit.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for controlling the microbiological properties of a portion of water within a large body of water by treating such zone with chemical agents, according to the temperature of the water, its salinity, its dilution power and the diffusion of chemicals within the large water body.

Abstract: A portable, non-filtering, microorganism deactivation device for treating water contaminated with harmful bacteria such as E. coli and fecal coliform, includes a housing, said housing containing a high porosity media saturated with an ionically charged material such as colloidal silver.

Abstract: Described herein are devices for providing drinking fluid from feed sources comprising: a first reservoir, a filter for mechanically removing particles and a second reservoir for receipt of the processed feed fluid. A continually disinfecting element is disposed in either or both reservoirs to remove additional materials from the fluid. Drinking fluid is provided in a portable device. Optional light sources are provided to interact with the disinfecting elements and/or provide an indication of the contained suitability of such disinfecting elements. A method for creating drinking fluid from a feed source is also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for stabilizing bromine in an industrial water system by monitoring and flexible dosing of chlorine oxidant and halide ion stabilizer residual levels. The system comprises chlorine oxidant, and a halide ion source with a halogen stabilizer.

Abstract: A method for treating in an industrial water treatment system for at least two of metal corrosion inhibition, scale inhibition, suspended matter dispersion, biocide efficacy, or biofilm removal/biofilm dispersion is taught by the use of at least one compound which is a salt derived from a thioamine or an oxyamine and an acid.

Abstract: An aqueous composition for treatment of water comprising: (a) an N,N-dimethyl-2-hydroxypropylammonium chloride polymer; (b) lanthanum chloride; and (c) a dimethylamine epichlorohydrin ethylenediamine polymer; and a method of treating water using the composition.

Abstract: A dispenser system for delivering various combinations of dispersants to a body of water with the various combinations of dispersants supplied to the body of water through the interchanging of dispensing cartridges which are attachable to a main dispensing cartridge where a condition for interchanging of dispensing cartridges may be triggered by an event.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for measuring the concentration of an additive are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a treatment stream (1) and a dosing stream (2). An additive is added to the dosing stream using a metering device (3). In some embodiments, the dosing stream is mixed after adding the additive using a first mixing device (4). Downstream from the metering device and the mixing device, the concentration of the additive in the dosing stream is measured using a monitor flow cell (5). In some embodiments, the dosing stream and treatment stream are combined (6) and mixed using a second mixing device (7). The concentration of the additive in the treatment stream can be calculated as a function of the volumetric flow rate ratio of the dosing stream to the treatment stream and the measured concentration of the additive in the dosing stream.

Abstract: A method of removing contaminants from slurry samples is set forth. The method includes the utilization of repeated pressurizing and depressurizing steps to disrupt solidified particles in solid-containing slurries thereby increasing decontamination efficiency. An expansion fluid is injected into the slurry sample sufficient to create microbubbles when the slurry sample is depressurized. The micro bubbles mechanically disrupt the solidified particles increasing contaminant exposure. The microbubbles also provide for increased interfacial regions where contaminants can accumulate at gas-liquid thin films that are in close proximity to and can be effectively removed using a suitable expansion fluid and optional decontamination agents.

Abstract: A container for releasing a microbiocide component into a liquid composition susceptible to unwanted microbial growth (LCMG) includes a LCMG impermeable casing separate and apart from an internal combustion engine filter housing, and having a hollow interior and at least one opening. A microbiocide component, for example, at least one LCMG-soluble microbiocide, as the only active material located in the hollow interior. At least one liquid permeable element, for example, a membrane member, is provided at or near an opening in the casing and is effective to provide for release of microbiocide component into the LCMG. Methods of releasing microbiocide component into LCMGs are also provided.

Abstract: A method for controlling microbial growth in potable water stored in a vessel having a metallic surface includes heating the metallic surface to a temperature between about 480° C. (900° F.) and about 870° C. (1600° F.), exposing the metallic surface to oxygen during heating to oxidize potential reduction sites on the metallic surface and charging potable water containing silver ions to the vessel. A vessel having a metallic surface is prepared for long-term storage of potable water containing silver ions by heating the metallic surface to a temperature between about 480° C. (900° F.) and about 870° C. (1600° F.) and exposing the metallic surface to oxygen during heating to oxidize electropositive metals on the metallic surface or by treating the metallic surface with an aqueous solution containing on oxidizing agent to oxidize potential reduction sites on the metallic surface.

Abstract: A method of simultaneously cleaning and disinfecting an industrial water system is described and claimed. The method involves the addition to the water of the industrial water system of a Compound selected from the group consisting of the alkali salts of chlorite and chlorate and mixtures thereof; and an acid, followed by allowing the water in the industrial water system to circulate for several hours. The reaction of the alkali salts of chlorite and chlorate and acid produces chlorine dioxide in-situ in the water of the industrial water system. The chlorine dioxide kills microorganisms and the acid acts to remove deposits upon the water-contact surfaces of the equipment. This cleaning and disinfecting method works in a variety of industrial water systems including cooling water systems.

Abstract: A biocide is formed by mixing at least one of ammonium sulfamate and ammonium carbamate with an aqueous solution of a hypochlorite oxidant at a molar ratio of ammonium to hypochlorite of at least 1:1. The biocide is useful in treating microbial or biofilm growth, pulp and paper process water, cooling tower water, waste water, reclaimed waste water, sludge, colloidal suspensions, irrigation water or a medium having a reducing capacity.

Abstract: Under electronic monitoring and control, fluids flow into a fluid diffusion device 9 to form a fluid combination. The fluid combination has corrosive properties as it flows into an anti-microbial canister 8 housing a roll 4 of anti-microbial metallic coated substrate 1, support frame 2, and porous body 3. The fluid combination corrodes the anti-microbial metallic coated substrate 1 located inside the anti-microbial canister 8. Upon exiting the anti-microbial canister 8, the fluid combination contains dissolved metal and is a liquid anti-microbial agent. Monitors throughout the system ensure the anti-microbial agent is being produced at the desired level and rate as it exits into its application.

Abstract: A process of removing viruses from drinking water is disclosed. The process involves filtering drinking water, having a viral contaminant, through a layer of coarse sand; contacting the drinking water with a composite iron matrix; and purifying the drinking water by allowing the composite iron matrix to adsorb the viral contaminant for at least fifteen minutes. The major component of the composite iron matrix is an iron component, which is at least about 68% to about 92% iron by weight. Other components include manganese; cerium; carbon; phosphorous; sulfur; aluminum; silicon; chromium; copper; and zinc.

Abstract: A water treatment system for producing a sodium hypochlorite solution to control bacteria levels in well water containing: a pH adjuster; a container containing solid calcium hypochlorite for producing a calcium hypochlorite solution; and a container containing solid sodium carbonate for producing the sodium hypochlorite solution and a method of controlling bacteria levels in well water by using intermittent injections of a sodium hypochlorite solution with alternating pH values.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating a body of water to kill microorganisms by enhancing the concentration metal ions therein.

Abstract: Synergistic mixtures of haloamines and their use to control the growth of microorganisms in aqueous systems are disclosed. The method of using the synergistic mixtures entails adding an effective amount of a monohaloamine and an effective amount of a dihaloamine to an aqueous system. The ratio of monohaloamine to dihaloamine is selected to result in a synergistic biocidal effect.

Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated paper wherein the paper has capabilities and functionalities provided by both the fiber and the active agent ingredients, and a method of immobilizing the active agents within the integrated paper. The tight pore structure of the integrated paper of the present invention, a mean pore diameter of less than about 2 microns, provides short diffusion distances from a fluid to the surface of the paper ingredients by adsorption or diffusive interception making it an excellent medium for fluid filtration. The integrated paper of the present invention can further include a microbiological interception enhancing agent. The integrated paper can be formed using, preferably, wet laid paper-making processes for speed and efficiency. Also disclosed are devices utilizing the integrated paper useful in fluid filtration.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally provide a containment system having integrated bubble tight-dampers. In another embodiment, the containment system includes an integral auto-scan mechanism disposed in the housing of the containment system so that a filter element, disposed in the housing, may be leak tested without accessing the interior of the housing. In yet another embodiment, a method for testing a filter disposed in a containment system includes challenging an upstream side of a filter element disposed in a housing of the containment system with a test aerosol, and automatically moving a probe disposed within the housing to obtain samples for leak testing.

Abstract: Water purification and recycling system having a large reservoir and a small reservoir adapted to provide potable water to a water user structure. After use by the water user structure, wastewater is applied from said water user structure via at least one wastewater path to wastewater treatment apparatus. The wastewater treatment apparatus receives and processes the wastewater using a coal free power plant that operates continuously to produce steam. The wastewater treatment apparatus is also powered by a co-adjuvant gas turbine generator is adapted to generate supplemental steam for the coal free power plant.

Abstract: A multi-chamber basin is sized to collect excess waste water exceeding the processing capacity of a sewage system. In order to disinfect the waste water exceeding the basin capacity, disinfectant is added at a point in the system after the first basin. After the rain event is over and there is excess sewage treatment capacity, the sewage treatment in the multi-chamber basin is returned to the sewage system. By not disinfecting the waste water in the first basin chamber, the overall disinfectant usage can be minimized.

Abstract: A system and method for maintaining a body of water in a sanitized condition with use of a halogen and a source of silver ions wherein the halogen is maintained at 50% to 75% less than a recommended halogen level for maintaining the body of water in a sanitized condition by adding a compound containing a hydantoin ring to a recreational body of water containing a halogen and a source of metal ions.

Abstract: A chlorine based biofouling control subsystem is utilized to facilitate shipboard water management systems such as ballast water management that employ filters. The biofouling control system can serve as a subsystem to promote antifouling and reduce the filter clogging due to biofouling, which improves the efficiency and effectiveness of the ballast water treatment management system. An antifouling agent of the biofouling control system breaks up the dense colonies of marine organisms being filtered or treated by the main water management systems.

Abstract: Containers for controlled release of an additive composition into a liquid composition include a liquid impermeable casing having a hollow interior, at least one opening and a membrane component secured to the casing. Methods of releasing additive compositions into liquid compositions are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for measuring the concentration of an additive are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a treatment stream (1) and a dosing stream (2). An additive is added to the dosing stream using a metering device (3). In some embodiments, the dosing stream is mixed after adding the additive using a first mixing device (4). Downstream from the metering device and the mixing device, the concentration of the additive in the dosing stream is measured using a monitor flow cell (5). In some embodiments, the dosing stream and treatment stream are combined (6) and mixed using a second mixing device (7). The concentration of the additive in the treatment stream can be calculated as a function of the volumetric flow rate ratio of the dosing stream to the treatment stream and the measured concentration of the additive in the dosing stream.

Abstract: The present invention provides ballast water treatment equipment which can decompose fungicide included in ballast water and reduce the amount of use of fungicide adsorbing material by passing through the ballast water.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for producing photocatalytic reaction water through a photocatalytic reaction, which can produce water containing a satisfactory amount of active oxygen species, can eliminate microorganisms, parasites or protozoa, shows high oxidizing ability for a prolonged period of time, can reduce the power requirements, is small in size, and is applicable to various devices. A photocatalyst is radiated with light emitted from a light source to produce active oxygen species, and the active oxygen species is diffused in water, whereby the water is provided with functions of the active oxygen species. An oxidation reaction with the water is utilized to perform at least one selected from the elimination of microorganisms, the elimination of parasites, and the elimination of protozoa.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for improving water quality by reducing chlorine demand, decreasing disinfection by-products and controlling deposits in drinking water distribution systems include adding low concentrations of supplemental oxidants, for example, RE-Ox® to the systems.

Abstract: A controlled release remediation composition or compositions, a method making such composition(s), a method of using such composition(s), and a remediation system including such composition(s) are disclosed. The disclosed controlled release remediation composition or compositions include at least one chemical oxidant agent, optionally, at least two chemical oxidant agents; at least one encapsulant polymer; and, optionally, at least one matrix polymer. The disclosed controlled release remediation composition or compositions are capable of substantially constantly releasing an amount of the at least one chemical oxidant agent, optionally, amounts of the at least two chemical oxidant agents, for example, into an aqueous system such as may be found at a contaminated site, over at least about a one month period up to over about a three month period.

Abstract: Provided is a radon reduction apparatus for groundwater disinfection. The radon reduction apparatus includes an agitation space forming body that groundwater fed through a groundwater feed pipe passes through before inflow into the groundwater storage tank and that forms a water turbine installation space whose top portion is not filled with groundwater; a water turbine located in the water turbine installation space to be rotated by groundwater when the fed groundwater falls, is run against the bottom and scattered; an oxygen supply unit supplying oxygen to groundwater before inflow of the groundwater to the agitation space forming body; a ventilating fan rotated by receiving rotary power of the water turbine and connected to the water turbine installation space to discharge air of the water turbine installation space; and an antiseptic solution supply unit supplying antiseptic solution to be mixed with the groundwater.

Abstract: A method for inlet temperature monitoring for centralized heat disinfection of dialysis machine inlet lines is described. The method can be used, for example, for a dialysis system which has a central water processing system used at a multiple patient dialysis treatment clinic or center. A central water processing system and a plurality of dialysis machines having fluid inlets are fluidly connected to a water supply loop which circulates heated water from the central water processing system to the dialysis machines and back to the central water processing system. A dialysis system for centralized heat disinfection of dialysis machine inlet lines of dialysis machines supplied with water by a central water processing system also is provided.

Abstract: A method for improving water quality in aquatic ecosystems is described. An effective amount of Quercus infectoria nut gall powder is added to the ecosystem to prevent excessive proliferation of pathogenic bacterial species thereby improving the health of aquaculture species in the ecosystem.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the treatment of animal waste are disclosed, together with a treated animal waste and fertilizer and growth media products derived therefrom.

Abstract: Compositions for cleaning, sanitizing and maintaining contained bodies of water such as swimming pools, wading pools, fountains, ornamental ponds, etc. The compositions include pre-determined percentages of hydrates of copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, and aluminum sulfate by weight. The composition uses hydrates of copper, zinc and aluminum sulfates instead of the anhydrous metal salts. The hydrate forms can be mined, transported, processed, mixed and packaged without climate controlled conditions necessary for anhydrous metal salts. Hydrates in the composition can gain additional water molecules or lose attached water molecules during manufacture, processing, transportation or use of the composition, without negatively affecting the physical format of the composition or reducing its effectiveness. The compositions reduce amounts of chlorine and an amount of labor associated with the cleaning, sanitization and maintenance of contained bodies of water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating water and an aqueous system, situated in a pipe, with chlorine dioxide (ClO2), the method including generating ClO2 in a reaction space such that the generated ClO2 is completely surrounded by a system to be treated, and delivering the ClO2 generated in the reaction space to the system to be treated which is situated in the pipe, wherein the system surrounding the reaction space is the system to be treated, the reaction space is a component of a mobile device and the mobile device can be introduced into the pipe, in which the system to be treated is situated, and removed again independently of the pressure state of the pipe containing the system to be treated, and the reaction space is situated in the pipe containing the system to be treated.

Abstract: In production of ultrapure water by purifying primary pure water with a secondary pure water manufacturing apparatus and a tertiary pure water manufacturing apparatus, high-purity ultrapure water is produced, wherein generation of hydrogen peroxide is minimized and the concentrations of TOC, DO, and hydrogen peroxide are reduced to the limit. In an ultrapure water manufacturing system, each of the secondary pure water manufacturing apparatus and the tertiary pure water manufacturing apparatus includes an ultraviolet oxidation device and a deionization device, downstream therefrom, by using an ion exchange resin. UV light control is performed in such a way that the hydrogen peroxide concentration results in 1 to 30 ?g/L and the TOC concentration results in 1 to 10 ?g/L at the outlet of the ultraviolet oxidation apparatus of the secondary pure water manufacturing apparatus and, in addition, the TOC concentration results in 0.

Abstract: A method of treating an agricultural-water canal to decompose organic debris in the agricultural-water canal provides a controlled delivery of calcium hypochlorite particles to the surface of water by entraining calcium hypochlorite particles in an air stream and then propelling the calcium hypochlorite-laden air stream at high velocity to the surface of the water, whereat the calcium hypochlorite particles are released from the air stream. A device for implementing the method is also disclosed. The device includes a gas blower, a feed hopper and a port which is adapted to direct and propel the biocide-laden gaseous stream to the surface of water in the agricultural-water canal.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments provide methods for reducing a concentration of a contaminant associated with a medium, which can be any substance or material, such as soil, water, air, and/or fluid. In one exemplary method, the medium is treated with a ferric chelate and an oxidizing agent in amounts effective to oxidize at least a portion of the contaminant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a technique of disinfecting household and industrial waste water used as the basis of organo-mineral fertilizers. The present method of disinfection is carried out by means of quick vacuum-pulse actions on sewage sludge using a receiver and quick response valves, with a pulse duration of less than 1.0 seconds at a pressure of not more than 20 mmHg to achieve the required degree of disinfection. Technical result of the use of the invention is to accelerate and simplify the process of disinfection method.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating an aqueous medium containing microorganisms comprises an intake for receiving the aqueous medium containing microorganisms. A pressure differential inducer is associated to the intake so as to receive the aqueous medium containing microorganisms with a desired level of gas saturation. The pressure differential inducer is actuatable to expose the aqueous medium containing microorganisms with a desired level of gas saturation to accelerations so as to cause cell wall rupture of the microorganisms. An outlet is associated with the pressure differential inducer for outletting the treated aqueous medium containing ruptured microorganism cells and contents. The treated aqueous medium containing ruptured cell wall of the microorganisms is disposed of and/or recycled.

Abstract: Methods and systems for enhancing of quality of liquid by treating a source liquid to enhance the concentration of low zeta potential crystals and produce a treated liquid having a higher concentration of low zeta potential crystals than that of the source liquid. The inventive system comprises an aqueous liquid source having a threshold concentration of selected minerals and a low zeta potential crystal generator for treating the aqueous source liquid to produce treated liquid having an enhanced concentration of low zeta potential crystals.

Abstract: A method and system for treating water, and using the treated water for the cooling of industrial processes is disclosed. The water is treated and stored in a large container or artificial lagoon, has high clarity and high microbiological quality. A system of the invention generally includes a containing means, such as a large container or artificial lagoon, a coordination means, a chemical application means, a mobile suction means, and a filtration means. The coordination means monitors and controls the processes in order to adjust water quality parameters within specified limits. The large container or artificial lagoon can act as a heat sink, absorbing waste heat from the industrial cooling process, thus creating thermal energy reservoirs in a sustainable manner, which can be later used for other purposes. The method and system can be used in any industrial cooling system with any type of water available, including fresh water, brackish water, and seawater.

Abstract: Compacted filter beds comprising a non-sintered, buoyant filter medium may be useful in fluid filtration apparatuses and methods. For example, a method may include filtering a first fluid through a filter bed that is compacted, the filter bed comprising a non-sintered, buoyant filter medium that is mechanically compacted; and backflushing a second fluid through the filter bed so as to fluidize the non-sintered, buoyant filter medium.

Abstract: A batch process for the treatment of an aqueous solution so that the treated product is more desirable for disposal includes obtaining an influent batch of aqueous solution for treatment, treating the batch of solution by an advanced oxidation process. The advanced oxidation process including causing ozone to be mixed with the solution, maintaining the mixture of solution and ozone at a pressure above atmospheric for a time of at least two seconds. In a preferred embodiment of the process, the process includes continuously recirculating the fluid to be treated, through a recirculation conduit, the recirculation conduit including an ozone injector and the ozone injector is adapted to inject ozone into the aqueous solution as the aqueous solution circulates through an ozone injector. Influent to be treated may be selected from the group including sewage, septage, leachate, ballast or other aqueous solutions where it is desirable to treat the fluid prior to disposal, further treatment, or reuse.

Abstract: A method for treating ballast water with sulfurous acid to kill invasive species and remove oxygen from the ballast water to preserve hulls from rusting.

Abstract: A system includes a UV light source and an optical medium coupled to receive UV light from the UV light source. The optical medium is configured to emit UV light proximate to a surface to be protected from biofouling. A method corresponds to the system.