Abstract: A process of recovering organic solvent from a liquid waste product which waste product is heat convertible by the steps of:(a) dispersing the liquid waste product in particulate form in water, in the presence of a bentonite or hectorite clay;(b) heating the dispersion to boiling point to strip off steam and organic solvent vapor;(c) condensing the evolved steam and orgnic vapor and separating the water therefrom; and(d) recovering the residue as an aqueous free-flowing slurry of solid granule particles.

Abstract: A highly efficient process for producing metallic gallium from a gallium containing alkali aluminate solution circulating in the Bayer process is disclosed. The process comprises subjecting an alkali aluminate solution to electrolysis, said solution being obtained by (1) cooling an alkali aluminate solution after the aluminum hydroxide separation step in the Bayer process in the presence or absence of at least one, as a seed, alkali salt of an element selected from vanadium and phosphorus, or complexes containing the alkali salt, in order to precipitate crystals of impurities containing vanadium, phosphorus, etc.

Abstract: A method is provided for removing biofilm from a surface submerged in water. The method includes cooling the biofilm to below the freezing point of water to thereby generate large, sharp-edged ice crystals in the biofilm. The frozen biofilm is then thawed and removed from the surface by, for instance, flowing a liquid across the surface.

Abstract: A process for destroying primary aromatic amines in residual waters by treating the residual waters containing said amines at a temperature between 40.degree. C. and 90.degree. C. and for a period longer than 5 minutes with a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid or with a mixture of a solution of an alkali metal or ammonium nitrite and an acid, the final pH of the reaction medium being lower than 3.

Abstract: Organic impurities in aqueous salt solutions; e.g., alkali or alkaline earth chloride solutions in particular, brines, are oxidized with chlorate ions at a pH of no greater than 5.0 and a temperature of at least 130.degree. C. to convert the organics to carbon dioxide. The process has particular applicability to oxidation of organic impurities in an aqueous brine solution derived from the saponification of a chlorohydrin to olefin oxide, prior to introduction of the brine into an electrolytic cell.

Abstract: A process for continuous treatment of a liquid containing a nickel cyanide compound which comprises (1) continuously supplying the said liquid containing a water-soluble metal hydroxide in a content of not less than 0.5 mol per mol of the nickel cyanide compound to a continuous reactor through a supply pipe, steam being introduced into the supply pipe so as to heat the said liquid to a temperature of 175.degree. to 200.degree. C., (2) passing the said liquid through the reactor while maintaining the said liquid at the said temperature and (3) discharging from the reactor the liquid having a CN content lower than that of the liquid prior to the supply to the reactor.

Abstract: An improvement in a method for the reprocessing, by oxidation, of condensate obtained in urea production plants and having a urea content of approximately 50 mg/l and a biuret content of approximately 2 mg/l, is disclosed. The improvement comprises performing the oxidation at elevated temperatures and at alkaline pH values; preferably, the oxidation is performed at a temperature greater than 60.degree. C. and a pH value greater than 8.

Abstract: A method for reclaiming an aqueous emulsion useful as a metal-working lubricant/coolant which is contaminated with particles of at least one metal comprises contacting the contaminated emulsion with at least one metal solubilizing agent at metal solubilizing conditions to solubilize at least a portion of the metal particles. The thus contacted emulsions have improved suitability as a metal-working lubricant/coolant relative to the contaminated emulsion.

Abstract: A process for forming uniform distributions of at least one substance in a solid. The process comprises forming a predistribution of the at least one substance in at least one compound, e.g., mixing the at least one substance so that it is distributed throughout the at least one compound, and reacting the at least one compound with water to form a hydroxide, which hydroxide has a larger surface area than the at least one compound. Predistribution must take place before a substantial portion of the compound reacts to form the hydroxide. This process can be used to form a dry powder having at least one substance uniformly distributed therein.

Abstract: The chloride ion and carbonate ion concentrations of a strongly alkaline solution can be reduced by the process of mixing sodium aluminosilicate into the solution, heating the resulting solution to a temperature of at least 90 degrees Celsius to form a sodalite type product, and filtering the sodalite type product from the solution.

Abstract: Oil, used as a lubricant and coolant in an industrial process, may become contaminated by foreign materials, for example, water and solid particulate. Because of its cost, continued use of the oil is desirous but impossible if the foreign materials are not removed when the concentration of such becomes excessive. By heating the contaminated oil and adding a chemical agent such as an alkaline solution of sodium metasilicate, the oil may be selectively separated from its contaminants allowing its further use.

Abstract: Heavy oil from underground oil sands or tar sands is liquified with recirculation of superheated water and when brought to the ground surface is then wet oxidized for its heat value. The sulphur content of the products of wet oxidation is then wet reduced to elemental sulphur for by-product. The carbon dioxide gas generated as a product of wet oxidation is injected back to wells for its value as a diluter of the oil. Heat produced from wet oxidation is used for useful work at wells site.

Abstract: A process for the chemical treatment of an effluent containing at least one organic compound selected from the group consisting of an organometallic compound and an organic compound containing at least one of phosphorus, nitrogen and halogen, comprising treating the effluent hydrolytically for about 20 to 200 minutes at a temperature above about 100.degree. C. under a pressure above about 2 bars and a pH of about 1 to 14. Advantageously, a catalyst comprising activated carbon or kieselguhr is added to the effluent before the hydrolytic treatment and the hydrolytic treatment is carried out in the presence of ammonia or a primary or secondary amine. The organic compound may be an acid ester, a dye, or quaternary ammonium compound, a cyanide, a nitrile, a cyanate, an isocyanate, hydrazine, an organic derivative of hydrazine, an azo compound or an organometallic compound and the effluent may be aftertreated as with hypochlorite or H.sub.2 O.sub.2.