Abstract: A method for purifying used antifreeze is disclosed. An antifreeze recycling systems uses a simple-distillation apparatus adapted to distill clean antifreeze from used antifreeze. A novel scraper blade is used in the simple-distillation apparatus. Also, antifreeze recycling methods that minimize waste and generate nontoxic, landfillable waste are provided. An antifreeze product produced by the present method, and a nontoxic, landfillable sludge product produced by the present method, are disclosed.

Abstract: Passing a fluid though a single filter module effectively removes at least two different types of impurities from the fluid. The fluid is directed through at least two different types of filtering media within the single module. The at least two different types of filtering media are separated from one another, within the single module, by a porous containment layer of the module; and, one of the at least two different type of filtering media forms a core of the module, which is surrounded by the porous containment layer.

Abstract: Fluid processing apparatuses and systems are disclosed. In some embodiments the fluid processing apparatuses include a movable enclosure, a plurality of filter housings disposed substantially within the movable enclosure, and a stand disposed within the enclosure. The filter housings are in fluid communication with one another. Each filter housing defines an elongate path and is configured to support a respective filter along the elongate flow path to filter a substantially continuous flow of fluid. The stand supports each filter housing such that the elongate flow path of each filter housing is substantially parallel to a vertical axis, wherein each filter housing is independently rotatable, relative to the stand.

Abstract: A filter medium for strainers used in the emergency sump of a nuclear power plant ECCS. The filter medium is employed with double wall, concentric tube type strainer modules. The filter medium is preferably constructed of a woven or knitted stainless steel wire material and is shaped in a cylinder so that it can be inserted between two concentric strainer walls, concentric tube type strainer in such a manner that water that passes through the strainer must pass through and be filtered by the filter medium before the water can be pumped to the reactor core. The filter medium is inserted through the bottom of the strainer module and is held in place by an x-shaped retainer. The filter creates varied approach velocity of the fluid and results in non-uniform fibrous debris accumulation on the strainer, insuring acceptable strainer debris hydraulic head loss.

Abstract: This invention relates to a continuous or batch centrifugation solid-liquid separation process comprising simultaneously subjecting the solid-liquid mixture to localized magnetic field gradients and the centrifugation and to improved centrifugation solid-liquid separation processes wherein the improvement comprises simultaneously subjecting the solid-liquid mixture to a homogeneous magnetic field, a magnetic field gradient or both prior to and/or during the centrifugation.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for separating particles and dissolved matter from an untreated fluid stream. Specifically, the present invention includes a first pressure source which transports untreated fluid or contaminated aqueous fluid into a separator annulus with a filter element disposed therein. The untreated fluid is placed under appropriate pressure sufficient to produce turbulent flow, increased particle kinetics and/or cavitation allowing the desired fluid to penetrate and pass into and through the filter media. The treated fluid is then transported to a collection tank. The contaminant matter retained by the filter media may be removed by the nearly instantaneous reverse pressurization of the separator annulus by a second pressure source thereby removing the contaminant particles away from contact with the filter media, and which may then be transported to a waste collection tank or a separator for further treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the reduction of harmful exhaust emissions on ships using diesel engines equipped with a wet emissions reduction system. In particular, the invention relates to a large diesel internal combustion engines installed on a ship and fitted with a wet emissions reductions system that is supplied water by an onboard advanced wastewater treatment system (AWTS).

Abstract: A process for purifying a lipid composition having predominantly neutral lipid components having at least one long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is disclosed. The process employs contacting the lipid composition with a polar solvent, such as acetone, wherein the solvent is selected such that contaminants are less soluble in the solvent than is the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid. The process is typically conducted at cooler temperatures, including about 0° C. Upon precipitation of the contaminants from the lipid composition, a separation is conducted to remove the precipitated material from the lipid composition. The long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids can include ARA, DPA, EPA, and/or DHA. The process of the present invention effectively winterizes lipid compositions, thereby reducing the tendency of such compositions to become hazy.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are modular filter assemblies having a plurality of stacked filter plates formed from a porous material. The filter plate can comprise a planar base portion from which a convoluted ridge wall, having a ridge outer side surface, a ridge inner surface, and a top ridge surface extends. A plurality of fluid inlet troughs and a plurality if fluid outlet troughs are defined by the ridge wall. Adjoining filter plates form a plurality of fluid inlet cavities defined by the fluid inlet trough of one filter plate and a portion of the bottom surface of the adjoining filter plate; and a plurality of fluid outlet cavities defined by the fluid outlet trough of the one filter plate and a portion of the bottom surface of the adjoining filter plate. In use, the plurality of fluid inlet cavities are in filtered communication with the plurality of fluid outlet cavities.

Abstract: Systems and methods for treating water passing through a catch basin may include first and second filters. In some embodiments, one or both of the filters can have a plurality of regions with different nominal flow rates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for extracting constituents from organic material, comprising the step of extracting with a monophasic mixture of 50% by volume to 90% by volume of methanol and 50 to 10% by volume of water and optionally 0% by volume to 40% by volume of a further solvent or solvent mixture.

Abstract: Disclosed is an economical process for the purification of water containing soluble and sparingly soluble inorganic compounds using single-stage or two-stage membrane processes that integrate membrane water purification with chemical precipitation softening and residual hardness and silica removal from the membrane concentrates using ion exchange resins and silica sequestering media, respectively. The purified water recovery is not adversely affected by design and/or operational deficiencies in the chemical precipitation softening system that may result in higher residual hardness and silica in the supernatant from the clarifier.

Abstract: Treating wastewater by receiving wastewater having a reduced concentration of waste solids into a secondary containment space and allowing the waste solids to distribute into a lower horizontal sludge layer, an upper horizontal scum layer, and a relatively clear horizontal layer of liquid therebetween; flowing the liquid from the relatively clear layer through at least one filter element enclosed in a housing the top of which is submerged below the wastewater level of the secondary containment space; and thereafter flowing the filtered effluent out of the housing. In some embodiments, the filtered effluent may be discharged from the secondary containment space using an effluent pump configured with a conventional flow inducer or, alternatively, using an effluent pump sealably configured with a shortened flow inducer thereby allowing discharge of the filtered effluent to a wastewater level below that of the pump's intake.

Abstract: A method for separating an oil-substance mixture includes communicating the oil-substance mixture into a first separator tank to separate the oil from the substance, and communicating a remaining portion of the oil-substance mixture into a second separator tank to separate the oil from the substance of the remaining portion.

Abstract: A process for treating produced water to generate high pressure steam. Produced water from heavy oil recovery operations is treated by de-oiling the produced water to provide a de-oiled evaporator feedwater that is fed to an evaporator. The pretreated produced water stream is evaporated to produce (1) a distillate having a trace amount of residual solutes therein, and (2) evaporator blowdown containing substantially all solutes from the de-oiled produced water feed. The distillate may be directly used, or polished to remove the residual solutes therein, before being fed to a steam generator. Steam generation in a once-through steam generator, or in a packaged boiler such as a water tube boiler having a steam drum and a mud drum with water cooled combustion chamber walls, produces high pressure steam for down-hole use.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for red blood collection and filtration is provided wherein a red blood cell collection assembly provides for leukoreduction filtration concurrent with or soon after the red blood cell separation and collection procedure. After red blood cells have been collected, an unwanted blood component, e.g., buffy coat, is diverted into the red blood cell collect line. Operation of a peristaltic pump engaging pump loop allows insertion of a pre-determined quantity of buffy coat into the collect line. The buffy coat can therefore push red blood cells out of the filter and into a collect bag without diluting the collected red blood cells. Alternatively, gravitational force may be used to allow the unwanted blood component to displace red blood cells out of the filter.

Abstract: The present invention provides a regeneration process of the etching solution for the silicon nitride film, applying phosphoric acid aqueous solution, wherein multiple numbers of filters are connected to the piping path of etching solution extracted from the etching tank by switching alternately in parallel or in series; in both cases that said multiple numbers of filters are connected in parallel or in series, said extracted etching solution being supplied to a filter with a filter element of a high silicon removal rate of silicon compounds with already deposited silicon compounds, thus maintaining a high silicon removal rate of silicon compounds.

Abstract: To establish an efficient and economical useful component recovery method capable of recovering high purity useful components from a dyed polyester fiber. A method for recovering useful components from a dyed polyester fiber, includes a dye extraction step, a solid liquid separation step, a depolymerization reaction step, an ester interchange reaction step, and a useful component separation step, for recovering useful components from the dyed polyester fiber, wherein the dye extraction step includes a step of extracting and removing a dye at the glass transition temperature of the polyester or higher and at 220° C. or less with a xylene extracting solvent and an alkylene glycol extracting solvent in combination.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are supercritical fluid biomass conversion machines, systems, and methods for converting a wide range of biomass materials into a plurality of reaction products including fermentable sugars and various aromatic substances.

Abstract: Process for the treatment of wastewater from an aldolization process which is contaminated with water-soluble and/or dispersed organic impurities by means of single-stage or multistage extraction with an organic liquid of the aldolization process wastewater which has been set to a pH of from 0 to 6, in which an organic liquid obtained by stripping of the acidified aldolization process wastewater or of the acidified and extracted aldolization process wastewater, condensation of the stripped compounds and phase separation of the condensate is used as extractant for the extraction of organic impurities from the acidified aldolization process wastewater and wastewater having a lower content of organic impurities than the aldolization process wastewater fed to the extraction is taken off from the stripping apparatus.

Abstract: A method is provided of recycling and cleaning up oil-based waste drilling mud and cuttings contaminated with oil-based waste drilling mud. A facility for performing the method is also provided. The method includes removing the coarse solids from the mud, breaking the emulsion, separating the hydrophobic phase from the water phase and the solid phase, vaporizing all residual oil and water from the solids, and burning off the vaporized oil. The method produces a solid “soil” product that is free from oil contamination, an oil product that is fit for reuse, and clean air emissions. A thermal desorber can be used to efficiently vaporize the oil at low temperature. Optionally the water fraction of the mud can be vaporized, solutes and salts can be captured as evaporite and then be mixed with the soil product. The method has the unique advantage of producing no persistent hazardous waste.

Abstract: A filtration method and associated apparatus are disclosed for improving the separation yield of matrix based compositions. The method includes the steps of positioning a matrix based composition that includes at least some liquid in a filter vessel and applying a moderate over-pressure to the composition upstream of the filter to accelerate the movement of liquid through the filter. The associated apparatus includes a funnel support, a funnel resting in the funnel support, a filter cup resting in the funnel opposite the funnel support, an over-pressure cap for engaging the filter cup opposite the funnel, and a source of pressurized gas in communication with the over-pressure cap for supplying a moderate over pressure to the filter cup for accelerating the movement of solvent through the filter cup and the funnel.

Abstract: Water (23) that contains micro-nano bubbles generated in a micro-nano bubble generation tank (6) is introduced and treated in a charcoal water tank (ii) which is filled with a charcoal (15) and in which an air diffusing pipe (12) is placed and thereafter introduced and treated in a membrane device (21). Thus, activities of microorganisms propagating in the charcoal (15) are increased by the micro-nano bubbles, markedly increasing ability of decomposing organic matters in the water. Therefore, a clogging phenomenon due to the organic matters can be prevented by reducing organic loads on the membrane device (21). Moreover, a very small amount of alcohols or salts are added as a micro-nano bubble generation aid to the micro-nano bubble generation tank (6), improving an incidence rate of the micro-nano bubbles. The alcohols and salts are easily decomposed by the charcoal water tank (ii) and easily removed by the membrane device (21).

Abstract: A filter assembly for filtering particles from a fluid is disclosed. The filter assembly comprises a first plate, a second plate, and a channel. The first plate includes a first face, a second face, and a first set of apertures extending between the first face and the second face. The second plate includes a third face, a fourth face, and a second set of apertures extending between the third face and the fourth face. The second plate is coupled to the first plate such that the third face faces the second face. The channel is between at least a portion of the second face and at least a portion of the third face. The channel provides fluid communication between the first set of apertures and the second set of apertures and has a depth. The depth of the channel determines a filtration level.

Abstract: A plasma concentrator having a concentrator chamber, concentrator gel beads, a filter, and an agitator. The agitator end is positioned in the concentrator chamber and supported for rotation about its central axis and for reciprocal movement along its central axis. A filter is selected to block effective flow of plasma therethrough under ambient gravity conditions and permit plasma and plasma concentrate flow therethrough under centrifugal forces of the separation gravity. A method concentrates plasma by removing water without significantly denaturing the fibrinogen in the plasma. Then centrifugal force can be applied to the concentrated plasma in an amount sufficient to separate a substantial portion of the plasma concentrate from the beads.

Abstract: A variety of improved hydroclone based fluid filtering systems are described. The hydroclones generally include a tank having an internal chamber and a filter (preferably a surface filter) that is positioned within the internal chamber. The filter defines a filtered fluid chamber within the internal chamber of the tank. The hydroclone may be operated such that a vortex of flowing fluid is formed between the chamber wall and the filter with the filter being located in the center of the vortex. With this arrangement, the filter acts as a cross-flow filter. In one aspect of the invention, the filter is a stepped filter. In another aspect of the invention, the filter is an surface filter, as for example, an electroformed metal surface filter. In some preferred embodiments, the openings in the filter are arranged as slots that extend substantially vertically so that they are oriented substantially perpendicular to the flow path of fluid flowing in the adjacent portion of the vortex.

Abstract: A cartridge type filter is mounted in a housing and is serviced through the top of the housing. The cartridge includes first and second media packs axially stacked. The second media pack is in series behind the first media pack, and filters a portion of the liquid therethrough. The second media pack has a higher efficiency than the first media pack. The overall design has a drain system which allows liquid to drain from the interior of the filter housing and back to the sump before the filter cartridge is completely removed from the housing. Other optional features include an oil cooler, various valving, and a filter cartridge lockout mechanism.

Abstract: A polar liquid mixture containing suspended or dissolved particles or solute is exposed to air or a hydrophilic surface. An exclusion zone having a reduced concentration of particles or solute is formed in the polar liquid adjacent to the interface with air or the hydrophilic surface. One or more fractions of purified polar liquid and/or concentrated particles or solute are collected. A sensor can provide feedback to the collector.

Abstract: A concentrator is used for concentrating a fluid, particularly a plasma component out of blood, for treatment of a patient. The concentrator apparatus includes a main housing defining a centrifuge chamber, that also holds the filter. The concentrator allows viewing of the fluid after centrifuging, with an outlet port positionable at a height corresponding to the level of the fraction of the fluid to be further concentrated. Once the fluid is centrifuged, a portion of the fluid is drawn through the outlet, and then pressured past the filter to further concentrate the fluid using the same vessel as used for centrifuging. The same plunger is preferably used to draw centrifuged fluid from the centrifuge chamber as to pressure the centrifuged fluid past the filter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stationary cloth media filtration systems and devices, as well as processes and devices for uniform flow distribution and improved cloth media filter backwashing.

Abstract: A dual stage filter includes an outer filter with a first media and an inner filter with a second media. A barrier is between the first media and the second media. The barrier directs fluid flow between the first and second media. The barrier creates a flow path between the first and second media, such that a working fluid, which is desired to pass through the first and second media, is directed by the barrier and flows through the second media, and such that another fluid, which is not desired to pass through the second media, is directed by the barrier and separates from the working fluid. Using the barrier, the dual stage filter can employ either or both upward flow and downward flow to achieve efficient fluid separation, for example fuel water separation in an engine fuel filter.

Abstract: There is provided herein a system for filtering oils and/or emulsions including one or more filtering devices comprising stacked filtering elements configured to filter oils and/or emulsions, one or more tanks configured to hold oils and/or emulsions, and one or more pumps configured to pump oils and/or emulsions.

Abstract: A method is provided of recycling and decontaminating oil-based waste drilling mud and cuttings contaminated with oil-based waste drilling mud. A facility for performing the method is also provided. The method includes removing the coarse solids from the mud, breaking the emulsion, and separating the hydrophobic phase from the water phase and the solid phase. The solids may then be treated by either or both of two approaches. One approach involves vaporizing all residual oil and water from the solids, and burning off the vaporized oil. Another approach involves at least partially vaporizing the residual oil from the solids and recondensing the oil. The method produces a solid “soil” product that is free from oil contamination (or is sufficiently decontaminated to allow reuse), an oil product that is fit for reuse, and clean air emissions. A thermal desorber or a soil dryer can be used to efficiently vaporize the oil at low temperature.

Abstract: An embodiment of a water reclamation system has at least one water filtration module mounted to a transport vehicle. The at least one water filtration module has a plurality of water treatment vessels with a treatment media positioned therein. A waste water inlet header, a produced water collection header, and a waste water outlet header are all connected to the plurality of water treatment vessels of the at least one water filtration module. A method of reclaiming waste water comprises flowing waste water into the waste water inlet header where it is distributed into the plurality of treatment vessels. The waste water engages the treatment media and the filtered or produced water is collected in the produced water collection header. The waste water is collected in the waste water outlet header.

Abstract: Method and system for treating a waste stream. The waste is presented in containers, such as chamber pots and other containers for liquid and other kinds of waste. such waste can be supplied at different locations and is immediately comminuted. In a separating stage, the waste stream is separated into container material and actual waste. Actual waste is fed to a bioreactor where the water is purified so that it may be re-used, if desired. If biodegradable, the container material may be subjected to a fermentation step. Heat and gases released in the process may be used for heating the fermenter and/or generating power. It is also possible to feed kitchen waste, which may optionally have been comminuted, to the fermentation. The stream leaving the fermentation may be separated into hard components which are filtered off and composted and into softer components which can be fed to the purification installation.

Abstract: A filtration system and methods for using same are disclosed. The filtration system can include a frame, and a plurality of filters coupled to the frame and coupled to each other in series. A pump can provide a pressure differential that causes fluid to flow through the filters in series. The first filter can be provided as a pre-filter, and one or more additional filters can include pleated, calendared, micro-fiber filters. Another filter can be a percentage removal nano-filter that is adapted to remove sub-micron particles from the fluid. The nano-filter can include three pleated filter layers. Each pleated filter layer can be oriented approximately concentrically about a common longitudinal axis.

Abstract: Certain example embodiments of this invention relate to techniques for collecting run-off and/or draining water from commercial or residential sites, filtering out the liquid, and using the filtered liquid to engage one or more turbines to generate electricity. In certain example embodiments, the one or more turbines are located downstream of filtration, grease-collection, and/or other purification devices. The electricity generated by the one or more turbines may be stored in batteries, serve as a power source for an active drainage/filtration system, used for other activities in or around the site, etc. In certain example embodiments, elements (such as sidewalls, vanes, and/or the like) may be provided upstream of the at least one turbine and downstream of the filtration subsystem, with adjacent elements defining constriction locations therebetween to help accelerate the flow of fluids passing therethrough.

Abstract: A process for removing water from solid material (10) using liquid-solid extraction and liquid-liquid extraction in an extraction system (100). Multiple solvents are used sequentially to replace the water with a first solvent, then replacing that solvent with a second solvent, etc., then eventually removing the last solvent from the solid materials. The solvents have progressively lower heats of vaporization, enthalphy of vaporization, boiling point or related property, so as to conserve use of thermal energy.

Abstract: Various embodiments described herein provide methods and apparatus for releasing treated wastewater into the environment by combining the treated wastewater with a concentrated salty water before discharging the combined water into the environment. The treated wastewater and concentrated salty water may be combined in a ratio that will be less toxic to at least some resident marine life than the treated wastewater alone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting a hydrocarbon charge of linear and branched olefins, comprises the following stages: a) a stage of membrane separation of the hydrocarbon charge under conditions making it possible to produce a cut ? containing the majority of the linear olefins present in said charge, and a cut ? containing the majority of the branched olefins, b) a stage of treatment of the linear olefins contained in the effluents originating from the membrane separation stage (cut ?) under moderate oligomerization conditions, c) a stage of distillation separation of the effluents originating from the oligomerization stage into at least two cuts, d) a stage of hydrogenation of the cut ? under conditions for obtaining a gas oil with a high cetane number.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to a method for preparing a pressure vessel for receiving high purity acetylene at elevated pressure. The method involves providing a porous filler-containing pressure vessel, deep cleaning the porous filler-containing pressure vessel, purifying a solvent, and charging the purified solvent into the deep cleaned, porous filler-containing pressure vessel. The pressure vessel is then charged with high purity acetylene for storage, transport and/or delivery of the high purity acetylene. The high purity acetylene may be useful as a source material for depositing carbon and carbon-containing films in semiconductor applications.

Abstract: The invention features a filtration segment having a top seal, a bottom seal and a primary filter core and the method of filtering with the design of the filtration segment. The primary filter core is operatively coupled to at least one opening which is located either on the top seal or on the bottom seal. The filtration segment also includes one or more interior filters surrounding the primary filter core. Each interior filter includes a filter material surrounding a secondary core which is operatively coupled to at least one opening which is located either on the top seal or on the bottom seal. Each filter may optionally include a retaining medium enclosing the filter material. The filtration segment has one or more layers of an exterior filter media which operatively surround the interior filters and are operatively coupled to the top seal and the bottom seal.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for providing aqueous stream purification services. The system includes at least one separation unit. Each separation unit may include a mechanical vapor recompression separator, a steam stripper, and a secondary recovery heat exchanger. The system for wastewater purification may receive water from a waste water storage, purify the water, and return the purified water to a purified water storage. The system may include a controller. The controller may include an operating conditions module configured to interpret at least one operating condition.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for purifying a waste fluid stream. The system includes a recirculation pump having an inlet for a recirculation stream and an outlet to expel a pressurized stream. The system includes a compressor having an inlet for an evaporation stream and an outlet for a pressurized evaporation stream. A primary heat exchanger has inlets for the pressurized stream and the pressurized evaporation stream, an internal surface area for heat transfer from the evaporation stream to the pressurized stream, and outlets for a cooled product stream and a heated pressurized stream. The heated pressurized stream is formed by heating the pressurized stream and the cooled product stream is formed by cooling the evaporation stream. The system includes an evaporation unit having an inlet for the heated pressurized stream and outlets for an evaporation stream and the recycled liquid bottoms stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for cleaning cloth filter media supported on a plurality of opposingly-spaced filter plate frames. A backwash assembly (23) moves linearly and includes at least one cylindrical backwash arm (200) that rotates to consecutively clean the media of the spaced filter plate frames.

Abstract: Biological fluid filtration systems including biological fluid filtration devices capable of filtering blood or blood products, including the removal of leukocytes from the blood or blood product. Each system includes a means to automatically drain the biological fluid upstream of the biological fluid filtration media disposed in the biological fluid filtration device. Both single sided and double sided biological fluid filtration devices are disclosed, including double sided biological fluid filtration devices with a solid partition wall with a first independent fluid flow path on one side of the partition wall, and a second independent fluid flow path on the other side of the partition wall. Draining means include vent filtration devices, diaphragm draining devices, and biological fluid filtration devices that include an integral diaphragm.

Abstract: A method, process and system for the recycling of electrochemical-mechanical planarization slurries/electrolytes as they are used in the back end of line of the semiconductor wafer manufacturing process is disclosed. The method, process and system includes with the removal of metal ions from slurries using ion exchange media and/or electrochemical deposition.

Abstract: A filter cloth of long pile fiber bundles is used as a tertiary filter in a wastewater processing method. The filter may be backwashed by a rotating suction head which does not touch the filter cloth. A combination of countercurrent and horizontal flow dislodges entrained solids from the filter cloth. Mounting of the filter media as modular components permits increased capacity within a single tank while avoiding down time in changeover of filter media.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for separating a suspension into a liquid phase and a retentate phase. The device comprises a separation chamber comprising an application zone and a hydrophilic filter material. The separation chamber is connected to a first capillary channel, where the connecting junction between the separation chamber and the first capillary channel comprise a physical barrier preventing flow of residue retentate from a lower part of the chamber into the first capillary channel. The invention further relates to a method for separating a liquid sample consisting of less than 200 ?l suspension, into a retentate phase comprising the suspended matter, and a liquid phase substantially free of suspended matter.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonostructured device comprising a substrate including nanotroughs therein; and a lipid bilayer suspended on or supported in the substrate. A separation method is also provided comprising the steps of supporting or suspending a lipid bilayer on a substrate; wherein the subtrate comprises nanostructures and wherein the lipid bilayer comprises at least one membrane associated biomolecule; and applying a driving force to the lipid bilayer to separate the membrane associated biomolecule from the lipid bilayer and to drive the membrane associated biomolecule into the nanostructures.