Abstract: A filter housing assembly for fluid filtration which may be attached to, and removed from, a filter base by a push-actuated release. The filter housing assembly has a top portion with an ingress port and egress port extending therefrom, and a protrusion extending from the filter housing longitudinally axial center. The ingress and egress port are formed in an hourglass shape. A filter key having a base with a groove for mating with said projection, at least one finger extending from said base, and an electronic circuit component housing attached thereto for receiving a printed circuit board, is connected to the filter housing top portion by mating said top portion protrusion with the filter key groove. Both of said ingress and egress port have at least one cavity for the passage of fluid therethrough, where each cavity is exposed in a direction facing away from the printed circuit board.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a single pass cross flow diafiltration system comprising: a filtration module having; two or more filtration segments fluidly connected in series, each having an upstream side and a downstream side; wherein each filtration segment comprises hollow fiber filter membranes, and wherein each filtration segment has a selected length; wherein the hollow fiber filter membranes of each filtration segment have a selected inner diameter; wherein the selected inner diameter of each filtration segment may be the same or different, provided that at least one selected inner diameter differs from another selected inner diameter, and provided that the two or more filtration segments are arranged such that no selected inner diameter in a given filtration segment is larger on the upstream side; one or more pumps, mounted to urge fluid flow; and one or more points of introduction of a diadiluent, each of said points of introduction being fluidly connected to an upstream filtration segment.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to various aspects of a procedure for reducing the carbon dioxide content in blood during the treatment of patients. A first aspect of the present disclosure relates to a buffer solution for use in reducing the carbon dioxide content in the blood when treating a patient suffering from pulmonary insufficiency or the complete failure of lung function, wherein the fluid is in gas exchange with a portion of the patient's blood conducted through an extracorporeal circuit. The first aspect of the present disclosure further relates to an apparatus for the extracorporeal reduction of the carbon dioxide content in the blood using said buffer solution. A second aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system for extracorporeal blood treatment, likewise using said buffer solution and the apparatus, and furthermore to a treatment apparatus for extracorporeal blood treatment comprising the aforementioned system.

Abstract: A control system and a control method for automated controlling of a crossflow filtration system, as well as a corresponding crossflow filtration system, are provided. The control system comprises a measurement value processing unit configured to receive a plurality of sensor signals from a plurality of sensors of the crossflow filtration system; and to determine a plurality of process parameters defining an operation state of the crossflow filtration system based on the plurality of sensor signals.

Abstract: This specification describes an intake filter for use, for example, in a system that collects greywater from baths or showers for re-use in toilet flushing. The intake filter provides essentially dead-end filtration. An influent by-pass may be provided, but the filter is cleaned as required to reduce use of the by-pass. Cleaning is performed when permeability of the filter declines. An upstream sensor may be used to detect the permeability of the filter. In one cleaning method, flowing water, optionally with air, is used to backwash the filter. The impulse of the flowing water also moves one or more valves to direct backwash water to a sanitary drain. For example, pumped effluent may impinge against a first flap to close an effluent drain, the first flap being mechanically linked to open a flap covering the sanitary drain.

Abstract: A brake de-icing agent insertion apparatus for an air line of a vehicle is provided. Preferably, the de-icing is the emergency brake line of a truck or other vehicle. The brake de-icing agent insertion apparatus has a release valve plug located on the underside of a main storage reservoir. An extended rim on the underside of the main storage reservoir surrounds the release valve plug and provides a stabilizing surface for resting the reservoir. Further the extended rim provides a protective shield should there be a release of the de-icing agent which might be pressurized and might otherwise spray on, contact and harm a person adding the de-icing agent to the air line.

Abstract: A filter housing assembly for fluid filtration which may be attached to, and removed from, a filter base by a push-actuated release. The filter housing assembly has a top portion with an ingress port and egress port extending therefrom, and a protrusion extending from the filter housing longitudinally axial center. The ingress and egress port are formed in an hourglass shape. A filter key having a base with a groove for mating with said projection, at least one finger extending from said base, and an electronic circuit component housing attached thereto for receiving a printed circuit board, is connected to the filter housing top portion by mating said top portion protrusion with the filter key groove. Both of said ingress and egress port have at least one cavity for the passage of fluid therethrough, where each cavity is exposed in a direction facing away from the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A variety of fill options is provided for a cell processing system. Certain options relate to a filling system associated with the cell processing system, the filling system comprising one or more filling stations, each with at least one container that may receive product from a container associated with a cell processing system. Other options relate to a syringe assembly that receives a product from a container associated with a cell processing system.

Abstract: The pressure of fluid being conveyed through a fluid flow path during a biological fluid procedure is detected during the procedure. The fluid is conveyed through the fluid flow path 1) at a first pre-determined rate if pressure is zero to a first pressure threshold; 2) at the first pre-determined rate if pressure is greater than the first pressure threshold but less than or equal to a second pressure threshold and if an immediately preceding rate is equal to the first pre-determined rate; 3) at a second pre-determined rate if pressure is greater than the first pressure threshold but less than or equal to the second pressure threshold and if an immediately preceding rate is equal to the second pre-determined rate; and 4) at the second pre-determined rate if pressure value is greater than the second pressure threshold but less than or equal to a third pressure threshold.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flowmeter includes a measurement flow path and a pair of ultrasonic sensors arranged upstream and downstream on a first surface of the measurement flow path. In addition, the ultrasonic flowmeter includes a flow rate calculator that detects a flow rate of a fluid to be measured based on a propagation time until ultrasonic signals transmitted from one of the ultrasonic sensors propagate with one or more reflections on a second surface of the measurement flow path facing the first surface, and are received by the other one of the ultrasonic sensors. Furthermore, the measurement flow path has an inner wall surface provided with a draft of a mold for integral molding, and the ultrasonic sensors are fixed to the measurement flow path, incident angles of ultrasonic signals transmitted from the ultrasonic sensors on reflection surface of the second surface where the ultrasonic signals are reflected being equal.

Abstract: A tank system and methods of use for extracting sand and particulates from effluents, fluids, liquids, and muds are disclosed. The system uses pressure and cyclonic fluid dynamic based methods to extract, separate, weigh, and dump sand and particulates. The system comprises sand or particulate filtration or collection baskets that are hydraulically operated and scales that weigh the sand after separation from the fluidic component, prior to dumping. After separating the sands, the fluid is collected in a reservoir tank where it can be transported or removed from the site or otherwise disposed of as a liquid product.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a fuel supply system in an internal combustion engine includes the steps of: recording a first pressure value in the fuel supply system in a region of the fuel supply system associated with a pre-filter and upstream of a low pressure pump; recording a second pressure value in the fuel supply system downstream of the low pressure pump in a region of the fuel supply system associated with a primary filter; monitoring the first pressure value and the second pressure value for an error state of the fuel supply system; and recognizing the error state only if the error state is plausible on a basis of both the first pressure value and the second pressure value.

Abstract: In one aspect, a modular filter assembly for filtering fluid that flows in a flow direction therethrough is disclosed. The assembly includes a first housing section having a first filter element; a second housing section having a second filter element; and a connector disposed between the first and second housing sections. A housing includes the first housing section, the connector, and the second housing section. The flow direction is through the first and second filter elements in series.

Abstract: A portable liquid filtration device includes a GPS tracking unit, a portable housing, an inlet configured to receive non-potable water, and an ozone chamber positioned within the portable housing. The ozone chamber is configured to generate an ozone gas from received air. The device also includes a filtration duct positioned within the portable housing and downstream from the inlet. The filtration duct includes at least one oxidation chamber configured to mix the received water with the ozone gas, and at least one ultraviolet (UV) chamber downstream from the at least one oxidation chamber and including a UV lamp positioned adjacent the water within the filtration duct. The device further includes an outlet positioned on the portable housing and downstream from the filtration duct. The filtration duct is operable to output at least 150 liters per hour of the received water from the outlet as potable water.

Abstract: A method for monitoring an analyzer including a liquid chromatography device (LC) having at least two liquid chromatography (LC) streams, the method including continuously monitoring one or more parameters in measurement data of samples in each of the at least two LC streams, the one or more parameters being independent of an analyte concentration of the respective sample, determining if the one or more monitored parameters show an expected behavior and triggering a response upon detection that the one or more monitored parameters deviate from the expected behavior.

Abstract: A low-profile, large diameter, oval shaped, modular, inside out flow in-tank filter assembly includes at least one filter element having spaced first and second identical endcaps each with a central opening there through and filter media extending between the endcaps. The filter assembly includes a tank bushing coupled to the central opening of one endcap of at least one filter element on one end of the assembly, wherein the tank bushing is configured to mount the inside out flow in-tank filter assembly to a return line within a reservoir. The filter assembly includes a bypass valve coupled to the central opening of one endcap of at least one filter element on one end of the assembly, wherein the bypass valve is configured to allow flow to selectively bypass the filter media of each filter element. Further, each endcap includes a universal alignment and coupling structure around the central opening.

Abstract: A method for promoting biological activity uses a filter system to increase cell production of a fed batch bioreactor. The filter system cycles bioreactor fluid through a hollow fiber tangential flow filter which separates metabolic wastes (as well as proteins) from cells produced in bioreactor and returned to fed batch bioreactor, improving cell production in the fed batch bioreactor. The filter system includes a disposable pump and filter, and a reusable control system. The pump is a low shear gamma stable pump gently cycling bioreactor fluid through the filter with minimal damage to the cells produced in the bioreactor. The pumphead and hollow fiber tangential flow filter are disposable. The pump motor is part of the control system and is reusable. The pumphead and filter are provided as an assembled and pre-sterilized unit allowing simple and quick attachment to the fed batch bioreactor, and simple and quick disposal.

Abstract: A system and method for regulating and absorbing TFT-LCD organic solvent waste liquid in countercurrent are provided. In the system, each of longitudinal offset pipes of absorbing pipes is disposed between a lower filter plate and an upper filter plate, bottom positions of the longitudinal offset pipes are connected with a sinking-recovery pipe, each longitudinal offset pipe is provided with a photoelectric detector, an activated carbon supply pipe is provided with an activated carbon supply device, the sinking-recovery pipe is connected with a solid-liquid separator, and a wet activated carbon conduction mechanism is provided with a heating-separating device. Activated carbon particles in the absorbing pipe with a certain saturation amount are led out in a non-disassembly-replacement method, the saturated activated carbon is subjected to solid-liquid separating and heating degassing, thus the saturated organic solvent is separated and recovered and the activated carbon particles are recycled.

Abstract: Systems and methods for filtering materials from biologic fluids are discussed. Embodiments may be used to filter cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a human or animal subject. In an example, CSF is separated into a permeate and retentate using a tangential flow filter. The retentate is filtered again and then returned to the subject with the permeate. During operation of the system, various parameters may be modified, such as flow rate and waste rate.

Abstract: Water or wastewater filtration processes and systems have a plurality of membrane modules, each having filter media therein, the plurality of membrane modules arranged in parallel fluid flow, a main bottom feed conduit, a main top feed conduit, and separate feed conduits fluidly connecting the main bottom feed conduits and the main top feed conduits to respective membrane modules. A main filtrate conduit, and separate filtrate conduits fluidly connect respective membrane modules to the main filtrate conduit. A backwash conduit fluidly connects the main filtrate conduit to respective membrane modules through the main top and bottom feed conduits.

Abstract: Systems and methods determine a filter efficiency of a fluid filter. A characteristic of fluid flow of a fluid is monitored at a first point and at a second point on a flow path of a fluid filter. A particle absorption level of the fluid filter is determined that is a difference in the characteristic of the fluid flow at the first point and the second point. The particle absorption level of the fluid filter is at a particle absorption saturation level based on the difference in the characteristic of the fluid flow at the first point and the second point. The particle absorption saturation level is an indicator that the particles retained by the fluid filter is decreased and replacement of the fluid filter is required to increase the particles retained by the fluid filter to be above the particle absorption saturation level.

Abstract: The present invention concerns porous carbonaceous particles having pores including micropores and macropores, having a mean diameter, determined by laser diffraction, ranging from 15 to 100 ?m and porous carbonaceous monoliths comprising aggregates of said carbonaceous particles.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a filter assembly includes a filter housing including a housing inlet and a housing outlet, and a filtering section located downstream of the housing inlet and upstream of the housing outlet. The filtering section includes a first filtering portion, a second filtering portion, a wall longitudinally separating the first filtering portion and the second filtering portion, a filtering outlet, and a valve located in the filtering outlet. The valve includes a closed condition and an open condition, and wherein, in the valve closed condition the valve blocks flow from the second filtering portion to the housing outlet.

Abstract: An assembly comprising at least two elements in a movable arrangement relative to each other for performing a first function of the assembly is furthermore equipped with an anti-biofouling system for subjecting at least an area of the assembly that is to be at least partially exposed to water during at least a part of its lifetime to an anti-biofouling action as an additional function of the assembly, different from the first function of the assembly. The anti-biofouling system comprises one or more light sources for emitting anti-biofouling light, and the anti-biofouling system is adapted to realize coverage of the area with the anti-biofouling light on the basis of the movable arrangement of the at least two elements relative to each other for performing the first function of the assembly.

Abstract: An internal reticulated foam filter for a water filtration tank is an apparatus that thoroughly filters water of a variety of water filtration tanks. The apparatus includes a flow-management assembly, at least one inner tube, at least one outer tube, and a plurality of foam filters. The flow-management assembly positions the apparatus around a distributing tube of a water filtration tank. The at least one inner tube upholds the plurality of foam filters against a central tube of the distributing tube. The at least one outer tube releases the water filtered by the plurality of foam filters back into the water filtration tank. The flow-management assembly also includes a first cap, a second cap, a plurality of main inlets, a plurality of channels, and a plurality of main outlets. The plurality of main inlets is in fluid communication with the plurality of main outlets through the plurality of channels.

Abstract: A filter device that facilitates maintenance is provided. A case that internally includes a filter element includes a lid body. The lid body includes a flange portion having a substantially cylindrical shape fixed to the case and a cover having a substantially plate shape detachably provided to the flange portion. The flange portion has a first hole, and the cover has a second hole. The first hole and the second hole communicate between a space inside the case and a space outside the case.

Abstract: An external fluidic system and methods of operating the same are provided. The fluidic system can be hot-swap connected to a flow-cytometer-based system at runtime to expand sheath or waste fluid storage capability of the flow-cytometer-based system by making only minimal changes to the flow-cytometer-based system. The external fluidic system can include a pump and a controller configured to operate the external fluidic system such that the sheath fluid is supplied from the external fluidic system to the flow-cytometer-based system or the waste fluid is extracted from the flow-cytometer-teased system and provided to the external fluidic system.

Abstract: A straddle vehicle includes: a prime mover; a hydraulically actuated main clutch; an oil control valve unit; a power unit case accommodating at least the main clutch; an oil pan mounted beneath the power unit case; a clutch-dedicated pump; a primary filter disposed in an oil passage between the oil pan and the clutch-dedicated pump; and a secondary filter disposed in an oil passage between the clutch-dedicated pump and the oil control valve unit. The primary filter and the secondary filter are mounted on a bottom surface of the power unit case and covered from below by the oil pan.

Abstract: A removable oil filter system includes an oil filter mount, an oil filter element removably connected to the oil filter mount, an impending-bypass indicator connected to the oil filter mount and in fluid communication with an oil in the oil filter system, and a full-bypass indicator in fluid communication with the oil filter mount. The impending-bypass indicator is capable of reporting an impending-bypass condition of the oil filter system. The full-bypass indicator is capable of reporting a full-bypass condition of the oil filter system.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring pressure is disclosed. The apparatus can be used to measure static pressures or dynamic pressures as would a conventional microphone, but can be integrated with antenna elements, and can be implemented without need for conductive elements in the array itself to provide the sensed pressure signal for processing. Instead, diaphragm movement is remotely and wirelessly sensed and used to determine pressure.

Abstract: An electronic system providing unique identification of a genuine filter system assembly to the engine control unit (“ECU”). A resistor is made to be an integrated part of the filtration system hardware such that when connected through a wired connection, the ECU detects a particular voltage signal and identifies the system as a genuine filter. The resistor could be integrated in any part of the filter system such that it could be used to recognize the filter or the cartridge. The resistor connection could be made via male/female pins, conducting wires, plates, conductive plastic material or other mechanisms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of operating a long-term blood pressure measurement device having a measurement sensor for detecting a pulse wave signal, having a measurement sensor for body current signals, having a pressure cuff for a non-invasive determination of the blood pressure, having a control and evaluation unit for determining blood pressure values, on the one hand from signals acquired by means of the pressure cuff (pressure cuff signals), and, on the other hand from a pulse wave transit time that is derived from body current signals and pulse wave signals, and having a memory for storing blood pressure values.

Abstract: Various systems and methods are provided for a lubricant filter. In one example, a method for a lubricant filter comprises indicating a condition of the filter based on a difference between a measured pressure differential and an expected pressure differential during select conditions in which all lubricant pumped by a pump upstream of the filter flows into the filter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a medical technology measuring system (1) comprising a measuring device (10) for measuring a characteristic of a fluid—in particular, for pressure measurement—wherein the measuring device comprises a lead (20) which extends along a central longitudinal axis (M) and is equipped to guide a fluid—in particular, blood—inside a longitudinal cavity (24) enclosed by a wall, and a sensor device (30) comprising a sensor (32) which is equipped to measure a characteristic of the fluid guided in the longitudinal cavity, wherein the measuring system (1) has an overmolding (9) which at least partially surrounds the measuring device (10)—preferably, both at least the sensor device (30) and also a section of the lead (20). As a result, the measuring device can be fastened and positioned on the lead in a simple and/or reliable, robust manner. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a medical technology measuring system.

Abstract: A filter device has a securing device (10) for securely fixing a filter element (12) on an element mount (14). The securing device (10) includes a securing ring (16), which may be moved by a control device (18) from a position in which the filter element (12) on the element mount (14) is released into a position in which the filter element (12) is fixed on the element mount (14).

Abstract: A fluid system may comprise a fluid passage comprising a passage inlet and a passage outlet, through which fluid may flow by entering the passage inlet as an inlet flow and exiting the passage outlet as an outlet flow; a bypass valve comprising a bypass inlet and a bypass outlet, the bypass inlet being in fluid communication with the passage inlet, wherein the bypass valve further comprises a piston coupled to a spring; and a position sensor coupled to the bypass valve and configured to detect a position of the piston in the bypass valve. The spring may retain the piston in a rest position, and the spring and the piston may be configured to block the fluid from passing through the bypass outlet in response to the inlet flow exerting a pressure below a bypass pressure threshold.

Abstract: A filter device is provided with an impeding member that impedes a flow of a fluid in a hollow portion of a filter element or a hollow portion of an outflow portion that communicates the hollow portion of the filter element and an exterior of a filter case. Further, a lid member that covers an upper end of the filter case includes an external flow path that communicates the hollow portion of the filter element to the exterior of the filter case.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a liquid processing apparatus, including: a housing having an upper end opening and a sealed bottom; a cover covering the upper end opening of the housing; a sealing portion provided inside the housing, it being sealed between the sealing portion and an inner wall of the housing, and a sealed accommodation space being formed between the sealing portion and the bottom of the housing; a processing portion provided within the accommodation space and configured to process a liquid flowing into the accommodation space, an upper end of the processing portion having a guide portion; a liquid inflow portion and a liquid outflow portion provided at an upper part of the housing. According the embodiment of the present disclosure, the liquid inflow portion and the liquid outflow portion are provided at the upper part of the housing, which may facilitate installation of the liquid inflow portion and the liquid outflow portion.

Abstract: A filter device has a filter housing (1) with a filter head (3), a filter pot (7) and a removable housing cover part (51) and has a filter element (13) separating a non-filtrate side (15) from a filtrate side (17) in the housing. A bypass valve device has a valve closure element (65) preloaded by a closing spring (69) into a closed position in which it bears against a valve seat part (74). If the filter element (13) is blocked, the closure element opens up a fluid path from the non-filtrate side (15) to the filtrate side (17), by passing the filter element (13). The valve closure element (65) and the closing spring (69) are on the cover part (51). The valve seat part (74) is on an element cap (43) of the filter element (13). The element cap has a receiving part (45) forming an enclosure for that end of the filter material (27) of the filter element (13) facing toward the cover part (51).

Abstract: A computer system, a computer-implemented method, and a computer program product determine an operating state of at least one system component in a fluid-carrying, cascading production system. The computer system includes an interface configured to receive a first and a second pressure pulse signal. The first and second pressure pulse signals characterize, respectively, a pressure pulse before and after the pressure pulse passes through the production system. A memory unit stores a plurality of system component-specific transmission functions which describe an operating-state-dependent pulse response of the at least one system component to the pressure pulse. An evaluation unit determines a real transmission function from the first and second pressure pulses, and compares the real transmission function of the production system with the stored plurality of transmission functions for the system components.

Abstract: High-purity gas purifiers for purification of corrosive gases, such as halogen gases or halide gases, and noncorrosive gases, such as hydrogen and inert gases, methods of making and methods of using the gas purifiers, are described. The gas purifier includes a housing made of nickel or stainless steel. Within the housing, the gas purifier includes a purifier resin, including a modifier coated onto a substrate. The gas purifier further includes porous nickel membranes located at the inlets and outlets of the device. The inlets and outlets are capable of fluid communication with external fixtures.

Abstract: A medical device for administering a solution, the device including a pump, a reservoir, and a communication structure for connecting the reservoir and the pump, and a line for connecting the medical device to the patient, wherein the medical device is adapted to use a mathematical model in order to determine at any moment a physical or chemical characteristics of the solution, which is contained in the reservoir, wherein the mathematical model takes account of a modification of the solution in the reservoir over the course of time as a function of an exposure to temperature, to humidity, or to pressure of the solution, or ageing or permeability of the reservoir; and the medical device is adapted to inform the patient about refilling the solution or changing the reservoir depending on the modification of the characteristics of the solution.

Abstract: A filter that is retained in a shell housing by the use of a snap connection. The filter includes an endplate having snap features that interact with a groove in an inner portion of the shell housing. The groove may extend 360 degrees around an inner circumference of the shell housing. Accordingly, when the shell is unthreaded from the head for service (e.g., during a filter replacement service), the shell only needs to be displaced the length of the inner radial seal interface between the shell and the head, not the entire length of the filter media thereby minimizing the stroke length needed to service the filter assembly.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a fluid detection device including a casing connectable to a tube filled with water and allows the water to flow to a hollow inner part; a partition wall deformable so that the hollow inner part is divided into a fluid chamber filled with the water and an air chamber opened to the atmosphere; a slide tip disposed inside the fluid chamber; and a tip sensor disposed outside the casing. According to at least one embodiment, a slide holding part which holds the slide tip slidably forward and backward is formed inside the fluid chamber, an opening part is formed in the air chamber, a magnet is disposed in the casing, the slide tip includes a magnet provided at a position facing the magnet and repelling the magnet.

Abstract: A filter for fluid has a filter housing and a filter element disposed in the filter housing. An element-associated electrical connecting element associated with an electrical/electronic functional component is provided. A housing-associated electrical connecting element is provided. When the filter element is mounted in the filter housing, the element-associated electrical element and the housing-associated electrical connecting element are connected electrically with each other and form an electrical connection. A positioning assist device assists in positioning the element-associated electrical connecting element and the housing-associated electrical connecting element relative to each other.

Abstract: A heater control apparatus for a diesel fuel filter according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes a fuel temperature sensor for sensing a temperature of diesel fuel, a main relay including a first internal coil and a first switch, a pre-filter heater relay including a second internal coil and a second switch; a first node, a second node, a third node, and an engine control unit (ECU).

Abstract: A filter element may include a tubular member including an end portion at least partially defining an inlet port configured to provide flow communication to a filter medium of the filter element, and at least partially defining an outlet port configured to provide flow communication from the filter medium. The filter element may further include a filter medium associated with the tubular element, and an end cap associated with the end portion of the tubular member and the filter medium. The end cap may include a plate transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tubular member, and a sealing wall coupled to the plate and extending transverse to the plate. The sealing wall may include a seal portion configured to be compressed between a filter canister and a portion of a filter base to provide a seal between the filter canister and the portion of the filter base.

Abstract: A device and method for detecting recirculation for an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus and an apparatus with a device for detecting recirculation are based on targeted haemodilution by administration of a substituate bolus, causing a pressure change in venous and arterial branches of the extracorporeal circuit due to a viscosity change of flowing fluid. Recirculation is detected based on detection of the pressure change. The device includes a control unit cooperating with a device for conveying blood and a device for supplying substituate. The control unit provides an operating mode for detecting recirculation, in which blood flow rate is reduced during administration of a substituate bolus. With simultaneous substituate bolus administration and reduction of blood flow rate, the composition of fluid flow is optimized for detection of recirculation, so that fairly large pressure changes result in venous and arterial branches, thereby improving sensitivity and reliability of the measurement method.

Abstract: There is disclosed a unique water treatment system which incorporates a unique primary valve. The primary valve comprises an interconnected first part and second part. The first part attaches to a water source and provides untreated water to water treatment units which are controlled by the second part of the primary valve. Untreated water flows to a first water treatment unit and subsequently through a valve to the second part of the primary valve and to use or to a second water treatment unit. From the second water treatment unit the water flows to the second part of the primary valve and to use. The second part of the primary valve has a unique bore and slideable shaft valve structure. The water treatment units can purify the water and/or add substances to the water.

Abstract: A fuel filtration system includes an electric pump, a filter assembly, and conduits for fluidly connecting the pump and filter assembly in series with a fuel tank to define a kidney filtration loop. The filter assembly includes a filter assembly head, including attachment openings therethrough, and a filter exchange module, including a mounting plate having externally threaded mounting connectors extending outwardly from one face thereof and internally threaded bores opening through another face thereof. In a mounted configuration, a fuel filter is threaded onto each mounting connector such that the filter is fluidly aligned with a fuel flow opening through the mounting plate, fasteners are positioned through the attachment openings and threadably received within the bores, and fuel flow passages of the filter assembly head define a flow distribution in which one pair of filters is fluidly in parallel and another pair of filters is fluidly in series.