Abstract: In a hemodialysis unit the container for the reception of the total supply of dialysate is constructed thermoinsulated with respect to the environment. The dialysate need not be heated during the dialysis process and through maintenance of a stable vertical temperature gradient between the fresh dialysate removed from the upper end of the container and the used dialysis fluid returned at the lower end of the container a stable stratification is obtained. Mixing of used and fresh dialysis fluid is thereby avoided. A further development provides for an ultraviolet radiator for the sterilization of the dialysate in a tube arranged centrally in the container, serving for the return of the dialysate. For the control of ultrafiltration, there is an overflow and measurement of the excess amount of liquid on the return line to the container and an adjustment of flow resistance on the return line of at least one of the two flow paths through the dialyzer.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling ultrafiltration in a dialysis system for artificial kidney including a dialyzer, a blood supply line for supplying a blood to the dialyzer, a blood discharge line for discharging the treated blood from the dialyzer, a liquid supply line for supplying a dialyzing liquid to the dialyzer, and a liquid discharge line for discharging the used dialyzing liquid from the dialyzer, and a negative pressure pump provided on the liquid discharge line, which comprises:a bypass line for connecting said liquid supply line directly to said liquid discharge line and having a first control valve means;a second control valve means disposed on said liquid discharge line in the upper stream of the junction of the liquid discharge line with the bypass line;an ultrafiltration measuring line connected at its both ends to said liquid discharge line interposing said second valve means therebetween and equipped with a measuring chamber;an air lead-in line having a third control valve means and a check valve

Abstract: The ultra-filtration in a hemodialysis operation is controlled by a control apparatus which is connected to a balancing device (1) and to a dosing device (9) to form a closed loop control circuit for the metered supply of dialysis concentrate into the balancing device and for the metered supply of fresh dialysis solution into the dialyzer. The closed loop control circuit controls the alternating supply of fresh dialysis solution into one chamber of a balancing device and the withdrawal of used-up dialysis solution from the other chamber of the balancing device. The closed loop control circuit also controls a pump for the metered withdrawal of used-up dialysis solution out of the dialysis circulatory system. The dosing device operates as a proportionality device to produce fresh dialysis solution from water and dialysis concentrate whereby the concentrate is dosed and the dialysis solution is also dosed or metered.

Abstract: Control of ultrafiltration by the use of two flowmeters which include fluid flow controls, one between the dialysate supply and the dialyzer input, and a second such flowmeter between the dialyzer output and the effluent. Alternatively, a smaller capacity flowmeter may be placed in parallel with the output flowmeter, to be read as a "vernier".

Abstract: Hemodialysis ultrafiltration apparatus comprises a dialyzer. A closed circuit is provided for supplying fresh dialysate to and for removing spent dialysate from the dialyzer. Blood is supplied to and removed from the dialyzer. The closed circuit for supplying fresh dialysate and removing spent dialysate is apportioned into below mean dialyzer blood pressure and above atmospheric pressure sections, with the dialyzer being positioned in the below mean dialyzer blood pressure section. A mechanism is provided for controlling the pressure of fresh dialysate introduced into the below mean dialyzer blood pressure section to substantially match the pressure on the dialysate side of the dialyzer. A mechanism is provided for controlling the above atmospheric pressure portion of the spent dialysate circuit.