Abstract: The hollow body molding aid includes a body, a connector, a first profiling assembly, a second profiling assembly, and a positioning mechanism. The connector is fixedly connected to the body. The first profiling assembly is fixedly disposed on one side of the body and is configured to position one half of a reinforced housing. The second profiling assembly is fixedly disposed on the other side of the body and is configured to position the other half of the reinforced housing. The positioning mechanism is disposed on the first profiling assembly and the second profiling assembly. The reinforced housing can be positioned, thus guaranteeing molding quality of the reinforced housing and blanks. In addition, the reinforced housing can be accurately positioned in a cavity of a mold through a manipulator, without the need to use a plurality of air cylinders for step-by-step driving.

Abstract: The present invention is a square bottle. In the square bottle, a body portion extending in a vertical direction is configured that a panel surface portion and a corner surface portion are disposed, a circumferential groove is formed at a center portion of the body portion in the vertical direction, a recessed portion for finger contact is disposed in a portion of the circumferential groove located on the panel surface portion, a horizontal stripe portion is provided at an upper end portion of an inner surface defining the circumferential groove, and a vertical stripe portion extending downward from the horizontal stripe portion is disposed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a container (1), preferably a bottle, which extends along a main axis (A) and comprising a wall forming a neck portion (2), a shoulder portion (3) connected to the neck portion (2), a body portion (4) connected to the shoulder portion (3), the body portion (4) comprising a grip portion (7), and a base portion (5) forming the bottom of the container (1) and connected to the body portion (4). The grip portion (7) comprises, over at least the majority of its dimension along the main axis (A), a plurality of spiral ribs (13) formed by the wall of the container (1) and spiralling in parallel around the main axis (A). The spiral ribs drastically increase side stability, compression and twisting deformation resistance of the container, while they have a non-technical and appealing appearance.

Abstract: Described herein is a computing system for linking products and containers to cardholders. The computing system is configured to receive transaction data associated with a transaction carried out by a cardholder, the transaction data including an account identifier associated with the cardholder, a product identifier, and a container identifier associated with a product purchased in the transaction. The computing system also links the product identifier and the container identifier to the account identifier, and stores the linked product identifier, container identifier, and account identifier. The computing system receives, from a user device, the container identifier associated with the container received by a user associated with recycling the container, determines the account identifier linked to the container identifier associated with the product received by the user, and automatically provides a reward to the cardholder via the account identifier.

Abstract: A multi-chamber pouch is provided having two or more three separate chambers that are stacked. The pouch includes two outer sheets formed of low-oxygen transfer material and one or more interior sheets are disposed between facing inside surfaces of the outer sheets such that all the sheets are stacked face-to-face. Peripheral edges of the sheets are sealed together (e.g., in conjunction with insertion of product) to form fluid tight chambers. In an arrangement using two interior sheets, three chambers are formed between the outer sheets. In an arraignment, alcohol containing liquid products are sealed within the chambers. Such a product may be frozen to provide an alcoholic ice-confection.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a container includes injecting a first material into a first mold to form a top portion of a preform. The first material and a second material are injected into the first mold to form a bottom portion of the preform. The preform is disposed in a second mold. The preform is blow molded into a finished container.

Abstract: A method for detecting the angular position of a cap with respect to a bottle is provided. A first image of a cap provided with a first marker and of at least a portion of the bottle with which the cap is associated and which is provided with a second marker is captured. Liquid drops and other possible impurities existing thereon are removed from and/or displaced relative to the cap and bottle portion. A second image of the cap and bottle portion is then captured. The first image and second image are compared to obtain at least one processing which is free from “noise” and interferences due to the liquid drops and on which the positions of the first and second markers can be determined without errors. The relative angular position of the first and second markers are determined. An apparatus suitable to implement the aforesaid method is also provided.

Abstract: This method for manufacturing a resin container includes injection molding a plurality of preforms in an arrangement direction, a adjusting the temperature of the preforms, and molding containers from the preforms. The manufacturing method includes, between the injection molding and the temperature adjusting, changing the orientation of the preforms aligned in the arrangement direction to an orientation aligned in a conveying direction.

Abstract: Provided is a plastic container with a bottom area and a main body, which adjoins the bottom area in a longitudinal direction of the plastic container, wherein the main body includes a wall which extends all the way around in a circumferential direction of the plastic container and an opening area which at least indirectly adjoins the main body in the longitudinal direction and has a container opening, wherein the circumferential wall of the main body includes at least one first groove and/or elevation extending in a first direction and at least one second groove and/or elevation extending in a second direction.

Abstract: A container of plastic material is produced using the blow, fill and seal method, with the filler material, enclosed by a container wall (15, 20) that can be autoclaved. At least one shape (19, 21, 23, 25, 29, 33) is provided in the container wall (15, 20) that ensures, despite a low relative air volume in the container, that when administering the filler material by infusion, the container wall (15, 20) collapses at least partially reducing the volume, without aeration of the container.

Abstract: A container defining a longitudinal axis and a transverse direction that is transverse with respect to the longitudinal axis. The container includes a finish and a sidewall portion extending from the finish. A plurality of ribs are defined by the sidewall. A base portion extends from the sidewall portion and encloses the sidewall portion to form a volume therein for retaining a commodity. The base portion has a contact surface for supporting the container. A plurality of straps extend radially along the base portion away from the longitudinal axis in the transverse direction, each one of the straps defines a strap surface that is closer to the finish than the contact surface. The plurality of ribs and the base portion are configured to place the container in a state of hydraulic charge-up when top load is applied to the container after the container is filled.

Abstract: A trigger overcap assembly includes a housing having a body, a cap secured to an upper end of the body, and a trigger at least partially disposed within the body. The trigger includes a manifold having a fluid passageway, and a pivot rod of the trigger is pivotally coupled with a pivot notch of the cap.

Abstract: Disclosed is a container provided with a petaloid base having feet that form protrusions towards the outside of the container, separated two by two by recessed valleys that extend radially from a central dome of the base to a periphery of same, each foot having a median face with concavity facing outwards and extending via an end face forming a discontinuous seat ring, with a planar cross section, each valley having an inner portion extending from the central dome and an outer portion that meets the periphery, the inner portion and the outer portion being, in cross section in a central radial plane at the valley, straight and together forming an obtuse angle protruding towards the outside of the container and meeting at a vertex situated in line with or very nearly in line with the seat ring.

Abstract: A method of blow molding an article having at least one layer of thermoplastic material. The method comprises the steps of heating a mold having an inner surface with two or more areas of different surface textures to a first temperature of greater than 55° C. and subsequently feeding a parison into the mold. The parison is then blown against the inner surface of the mold to form an article. The temperature of the mold is subsequently lowered to a second temperature of between 20° C. to about 55° C. and the temperature cycle time (tct) of the mold is less than 250 seconds. Using the two phase heating and cooling process in combination with a mold featuring different surface textures provides a finished article with different visual effects.

Abstract: A method for improving the impact resistance of an extrusion blow molded article by extrusion blow molding an ultra-high IV polymer resin having an IV of at least 0.9 dL/g, wherein the extrusion blow molding is carried out in a mold with a texturized base surface such that a base surface of the extrusion blow molded article is textured.

Abstract: An essentially biobased and optionally biodegradable, thermoformable composition containing a) as thermoformable resin at least one poly-L-lactide with less than 1 mol % of D-lactoyl units (PLLA) or at least one poly-L-lactide with 1-5 mol % of D-lactoyl units (PLA) and b) a nucleating combination of ?) 1 to 10% Wt. of at least one poly-D-lactide with less than 1 mol % of L-lactoyl-units (PDLA) or of 0.5 to 5% Wt. of PLLA/PDLA or PLA/PDLA stereocomplex crystallites, ?) 0.1 to 25% Wt. of an inorganic nucleating agent, and ?) 0.1 to 30% Wt. of at least an inorganic filler with lamellar structure, and thermoformed, essentially biobased and optionally biodegradable containers formed of the inventive compositions.

Abstract: The container pouring assist system is a covering for a container that makes the container easier to pour by adding a handle to the bottom rear of the container and a spout to the top of the container. As non-limiting examples, the container may be a heavier container such as a 1 or 2 gallon milk and water container. Using the container pouring assist system the container may be lifted using the container's handle and then tilted using the handle provided by container pouring assist system. The spout may result in a more controlled, more predictable pour. The container pouring assist system may slip onto the container by placing a collar over the neck of the container and passing the base of container pouring assist system under the container until the container seats into the base.

Abstract: A container for holding and delivering liquids is disclosed. A method of making the same is disclosed. The container can have a molded container top, a molded container bottom, a flexible film reservoir, and a handle extending from the container top to the container bottom. The reservoir can be laterally exposed around the entire circumference of the reservoir along a part of the longitudinal length of the reservoir. A thermally insulated reservoir system is disclosed. The reservoir system can have a bag having a multi-layered bag wall. The bag wall can have a first layer sealed to a second layer. The volume defined between the first layer and the second layer can be partially or completely filled with a fluid insulator, such as air or saline solution. The volume defined between the first layer and the second layer can also or alternately be partially or completely filled with a solid insulator, such as a matted fiber layer.

Abstract: An improved bottle, retaining device and associated elements for carrying items is disclosed. The retaining device is adapted for holding a container (or containers) or other items; the retaining device being adapted to affix the container by way of the retaining device to a person or a personal item so ready access is provided for the held container/item.

Abstract: A vessel configured to contain a powder, semi-solid or liquid product and to dispense predetermined amounts of the product. The vessel includes a container, a limiting member, and a dispensing closure. The container, limiting member and dispensing closure are not integral with each other, are constructed as discrete components, and are assembled to form the vessel. The limiting member limits inward deflection of the container during each squeezing of the container to limit the amount of product displaced from the container into the dispensing closure.

Abstract: A beverage container for enhancing the aroma of a liquid foodstuff contained therein can comprise a body portion adapted to be held in the hand of a user, the body portion including a base and a side wall extending generally upward from the base to form a rim at a first height above the base, an upwardly convex canopy portion extending generally upwardly along a curvature of the canopy from the rim to an apex at a second height above the first height, and an aroma aperture defined though a portion of the canopy portion, the aroma aperture sized and shaped to receive the nose of a user when the user drinks a liquid foodstuff contained in the body portion through the aperture.

Abstract: An exothermic natural massage shell includes a natural bivalve shell comprising a first half and a second half adhered together with an adhesive to form a hollow chamber. An aperture is formed in the first half to provide a portal to the hollow chamber of the bivalve shell. A reactant is disposed inside the hollow chamber of the bivalve shell. The reactant may be a reactive powder mixture disposed inside a fluid-permeable pouch. Combining the reactant with an activator inside the hollow chamber of the bivalve shell causes an exothermic reaction that heats the bivalve shell and maintains the bivalve shell at a substantially constant elevated temperature for a duration of time. The adhesive adhering the first shell half to the second shell half includes a first elastomeric polymer bonding agent with balanced coefficient of expansion properties and a second flexible resin sealant that makes the adhesive moisture-proof.

Abstract: A bottle comprising non-concentric body and neck portions is able to stack more closely and more stably than other bottles traditionally used to carry wine or spirits or other fluids. A bottle may include a sloping aperture that enhances pouring of fluids out of the bottle. A bottle may also include a lateral surface that extends substantially the height of the bottle, which may allow a label to be affixed along substantially the height of the bottle.

Abstract: A bottle extends along a longitudinal axis and includes an insulative body extending axially between a base and a neck of the bottle. The body includes radially outwardly facing first surfaces spaced axially apart from one another, and a radially outwardly facing second surface radially smaller than, and located axially between, the first surfaces. The body also includes a plurality of projections projecting from the second surface and collectively establishing a radially outwardly facing third surface radially larger than the second surface, and parting line bridges projecting radially outwardly from the second surface, diametrically opposed to one another, and extending axially between the first surfaces. A label is carried by the body over at least a portion of the third surface, wherein a continuous insulation volume is established between the label and the second surface, and extends continuously over more than 90 angular degrees around the bottle.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of manufacturing and labeling plastic wares comprising durable acrylic labels that are integrated into a surface of the plastic wares.

Abstract: Disclosed are an optical film and a preparation method thereof. The optical film comprises a base layer, a plurality of polymer particles disposed in the base layer, and voids formed in the base layer and enclosing the respective polymer particles, wherein the polymer particles comprise a crosslinked polymer. The optical film has uniform voids, enhanced processing and dimensional stabilities, as well as improved optical properties such as whiteness, hiding power, reflectance and the like. Thus, the optical film can be useful for a reflector sheet for a BLU of an LCD device, and the like.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-chamber container for dispensing flowable substances, comprising: a body having: a first storage chamber for storing a first flowable substance, a second storage chamber for storing a second flowable substance, a first outlet zone, a second outlet zone, a first inlet that fluidly connects the first storage chamber with the first outlet zone, a second inlet that fluidly connects the second storage chamber with the second outlet zone, a first apparatus configured, on operation thereof to dispense from the first storage chamber via the first inlet into the first outlet zone a first predetermined volume of the first flowable substance, and a second apparatus configured, on operation thereof to dispense from the second storage chamber via the second inlet into the second outlet zone a second predetermined volume of the second flowable substance; and a closure having a first cavity, a second cavity, and a divider isolating the first cavity from the second cavity, wherein the closure is movable r

Abstract: A bottle includes at least one radially outwardly facing first surface, a radially outwardly facing second surface radially smaller than the first surface, a radially outwardly facing third surface radially larger than the second surface and established collectively by radially outwardly facing projection surfaces of a plurality of projections that project radially outwardly from the third surface.

Abstract: A tool for liquid disposal is provided for collecting liquids and for changing engine oil or other hydrocarbon containing products, whereby the liquid, spent oil, or hydrocarbon is encapsulated in a non-biodegradable substance rendering the kit safe for disposal in a non-hazard or controlled substance landfill. A disposable container with a diffuser may be composed of rows of apertures that are used to channel the liquid to all levels of the container so that liquids can be exposed to the maximum surface area of the non-biodegradable substance contained in layered pouches containing the absorbent for total encapsulation.

Abstract: A bottle of one-piece integrally formed construction has a body with a closed base and a shoulder at an end of the body remote from the base, and a neck extending from the shoulder along an axis and terminating in a neck finish for attachment of a closure. The bottle neck includes at least one internal embossment for affecting flow of liquid from the body through the neck. In exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, the at least one internal embossment includes at least one internal annular rib or at least one internal rib coplanar with the neck axis or at least one internal spiral rib or at least one internal elliptical rib.

Abstract: A bottle of one-piece integrally formed construction has a body with a closed base and a shoulder at an end of the body remote from the base, and a neck extending from the shoulder along an axis and terminating in a neck finish for attachment of a closure. The bottle neck includes at least one internal embossment for affecting flow of liquid from the body through the neck. In exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, the at least one internal embossment includes at least one internal annular rib or at least one internal rib coplanar with the neck axis or at least one internal spiral rib or at least one internal elliptical rib.

Abstract: A paint container with internal mixing ribs.

Abstract: A volumetrically efficient plastic hot fill container at least one vacuum panel defined by a vacuum panel area of a sidewall that is constructed and arranged to flex inwardly in order to accommodate volumetric shrinkage that may occur within the container as a result of the conventionally known hot fill process. Advantageously, at least a portion of the vacuum panel area of the sidewall is formed as a plurality of undulations. The undulations preferably have a horizontal component and provide an increased surface area to the vacuum panel area relative to what a flat surface would provide. As a result, the amount of volumetric shrinkage that may be accommodated through inward deflection of said vacuum panel area of said sidewall is increased relative to a flat surface would provide.

Abstract: A refrigerator and a water tank assembly for supplying water to an ice maker and a dispenser installed in a door of the refrigerator are provided. The water tank assembly may have a substantially cylindrical shape, and may include a water intake port, a water discharge port, and a switching valve all provided at one surface thereof to improve water storage space and facilitate connection of water lines.

Abstract: A container including a metal sidewall is provided. The metal sidewall includes a first end; a second end; a center portion having a principal width; a first feature positioned between the center portion and the first end, the first feature extending from the sidewall such that the maximum width of the sidewall at the first feature is greater than the principal width; and a second feature positioned between the center portion and the second end, the second feature extending from the sidewall such that the maximum width of the sidewall at the second feature is greater than the principal width. The container further includes a first bead located in the center portion of the sidewall; and a second bead located in the center portion of the sidewall.

Abstract: A container may have a base, a sidewall connected to the base, a bell connected to the sidewall, and a finish connected to the bell. The base may have strap ribs to resist deformation of the base. The sidewall may have recessed columns to resist bending, leaning, crumbling, and/or stretching. The strap ribs and recessed columns may vertically line up along a central axis of the container to communicate forces on the container vertically along the container to continuously resist deformation in the base and the sidewall.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for a container comprising a base, a bell, a sidewall between the base and the bell, a neck and a finish which define an opening to an interior of the container, and a shoulder between the sidewall and the bell. Strap ribs extend from a central portion of the base and terminate at the sidewall. The strap ribs cooperate with vertically aligned recessed columns of the sidewall to resist bending, leaning, crumbling, or stretching along the sidewall and the base. An inwardly offset portion of the sidewall is disposed between each pair of adjacent recessed columns. The inwardly offset portions of the sidewall are configured to resist outward bowing of the sidewall due to internal pressure of contents within the container.

Abstract: Containers having improved vacuum-resistance and aesthetic features are provided. In a general embodiment, the present disclosure provides a container having a body with at least first (40) and second (44) interrupted horizontal ribs. The first interrupted, horizontal rib is located in a horizontal plane that is different from the horizontal plane occupied by the second, interrupted, horizontal rib, and the first and second interrupted, horizontal ribs are offset from each other. The ribs, or indentations, provided on the containers have an increased height when compared to similar, known containers. The structural features of the present containers advantageously provide for improved vacuum-resistance when compared to similar containers currently on the market.

Abstract: A container comprising a finish, a sidewall portion extending from the finish, a base portion extending from the sidewall portion and enclosing the sidewall portion to form a volume therein for retaining a commodity, and a plurality of horizontally disposed rib members disposed in at least one of the sidewall portion and the base portion. The plurality of horizontally disposed rib members is continuously disposed about the sidewall portion or the base portion and, in some embodiments, defines a perimeter length about 3-5% shorter than perimeter lengths of adjacent lands. The plurality of horizontally disposed rib members providing improved structural integrity such that a pre-fill size of the container is approximately equal to a post-filled, cooled size of the container.

Abstract: The bottle is provided with a base portion installed on the outer circumference brim of the bottom, a central recess installed inside the base portion and recessed toward the inside of the bottle, an annular wall portion installed between the base portion and the central recess and inclined so as to elevate gradually from the base portion to the central recess, and a plurality of ribs installed side by side at the annular wall portion in the circumferential direction of the bottom and protruding toward the inside of the bottle. The ribs are provided with a rising wall portion rising toward the inside of the bottle and an inclined wall portion inclined from the upper brim of the rising wall portion toward the lower brim of the rising wall portion of an adjacent rib. The rising wall portion is inclined more steeply than the inclined wall portion.

Abstract: A technical problem of this invention especially in the case of large-size bottles is to form a grip, without changing the bottle shape to a large extent, so that the body can be firmly held. The object of this invention is to provide a synthetic resin square bottle that can be used reliably because the bottle can be held firmly with a hand. A major means of solving the problem is a synthetic resin square bottle comprising a body having a rectangular shape in a plane cross-section and a groove-like waist portion disposed at a middle height of the bottle, wherein a pair of recessed portions for use as finger stops are formed in respective long side walls of said rectangular body over a predetermined area ranging from said waist portion downward to ensure that a plural number of fingers can be placed in at least one recessed portion for a finger stop purpose, and wherein a grip for holding the bottle is formed from both the pair of recessed portions and the waist portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a container for a liquid or viscous product, comprising a substantially ovoid or spherical container body having a diameter D1, and a neck having a diameter D2, said neck comprising a dispensing opening and means for allowing closing means to be attached thereto, D1 being greater than D2, said container being made out of semi-cristalline PET, the walls of said container body having a thickness inferior or equal to 100 ?m at least in the middle-height region of said container. In a highly preferred embodiment of the invention, the container body comprises at least two opposite flat, substantially vertical, surfaces, and a flat, substantially horizontal, surface located opposite the neck and forming a bottom side.

Abstract: A bottle includes a cylindrical body portion in which a plurality of panel portions, which is recessed toward an inside in a radial direction of the body portion, are provided at intervals in a circumferential direction and pillar portions are each provided between the panel portions adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction. The panel portions each have a panel bottom wall portion located at an inside of the body in the radial direction and have a lateral wall portion extending from an outer circumferential edge of the panel bottom wall portion to an outside in the radial direction. A rib which protrudes toward the outside in the radial direction while having a gap with respect to the panel bottom wall portion is provided at the panel bottom wall portion, and a longitudinal lateral wall portion is at least directed in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: A novel enhanced surface area conico-cylindrical flask (ES-CCF) providing increased surface area by virtue of its' inner arrangement and useful in routine small-scale studies of bioactives production by any biofilm-forming marine as well as terrestrial microorganisms. Compared to corresponding Erlenmeyer flask of similar volume the ES-CCF provides more than 80% additional surface for biofilm attachment and growth. The ES-CCF does not require steam sterilization and is durable as the device is constructed of polymethyl methacrylate or any other such hydrophobic material and offers possibility of altering the nature of the growth surface (hydrophilic and hydrophobic). The ES-CCF also provides external aeration like a bioreactor, thus increasing the versatility of applications. Further, the device can be operated as a cylindrical flask, that is without the inner arrangement.

Abstract: A container collapsible during dispensing of the contents therein includes a front wall, a rear wall, right and left side walls, a bottom wall, and a top wall defining a container volume holding product. A first right side wall fold line is provided in the right side wall, and a first left side wall fold line is provided in the left side wall. A rear wall fold line separates the rear wall into a first facet and a second facet. The container is sealed such that the removal of the product from the container causes the container volume to decrease, and the container folds along the first right side wall fold line, first left side wall fold line and rear wall fold line such that the first facet folds down toward the second facet.

Abstract: A blow-molded container includes an opening section that can be closed, a side wall, and a closed bottom. The material in the region of the side wall is shaped by blow forming an injection-molded preform. At least three recessed grips are arranged along an outer perimeter of the container. At least two longitudinal ribs oriented in a longitudinal direction of the container are arranged between each pair of recessed grips. The longitudinal ribs are separated from each other by a recess, which also extends in a longitudinal direction. At least one circumferential rib, which extends in a circumferential direction of the container, is arranged inside each of the recessed grips.

Abstract: The present invention is a bottle that is formed from a synthetic resin material in a cylindrical shape having a bottom at one end, including: a plurality of circumferential grooves that extend continuously around the entire circumference of a body portion and are formed at a distance from each other in a vertical direction. The circumferential grooves extend cyclically in a circumferential direction while undulating in the vertical direction when viewed from the side of the body portion as to form wave patterns, and the respective phases of circumferential grooves that are mutually adjacent to each other in the vertical direction are offset from each other.

Abstract: The tasting glass (1), of the type including a parison (2) generally being rotationally symmetrical around a vertical axis, includes within the parison (2) a set of at least two internal ribs (7) evenly distributed on the periphery of the parison (2), extending in a substantially vertical plane, almost from the bottom of the glass, up to a height of the parison (2) lower than the normal filling level of the glass, different for each of the ribs (7). The tasting glass also includes a dome (8), called “nose-cap”, located on the axis of the glass at the bottom of the parison (2). The ribs (7) each have the shape of a propeller blade surface. A method for producing the glass is also described.

Abstract: A plastic container is disclosed comprising a base portion for supporting the container on a surface, an upper portion, and a body portion. The upper portion includes a neck and a dispensing opening. The body portion extends between the base portion and the neck, the body portion including a shoulder portion below the neck portion and a sidewall portion between the shoulder portion and the base portion. The body portion includes at least one elongated vertical formation that substantially extends along the sidewall portion from the base portion toward the shoulder portion, the elongated vertical portion being continuous along at least 0.60 the total height of the container.

Abstract: A container defining a longitudinal axis and a transverse direction that is transverse with respect to the longitudinal axis. The container includes a finish and a sidewall portion extending from the finish. A plurality of ribs are defined by the sidewall. A base portion extends from the sidewall portion and encloses the sidewall portion to form a volume therein for retaining a commodity. The base portion has a contact surface for supporting the container. A plurality of straps extend radially along the base portion away from the longitudinal axis in the transverse direction, each one of the straps defines a strap surface that is closer to the finish than the contact surface. The plurality of ribs and the base portion are configured to place the container in a state of hydraulic charge-up when top load is applied to the container after the container is filled.