Abstract: A switch for polarity-independent multi-pole direct current operation includes at least two switching chambers. Each switching chamber includes a single circuit breaker with a stationary contact having a first contact region and a movable electrically conductive contact part having a second contact region. The stationary contact and movable contact part are configured to create a connection between the first and the second contact regions in the ON state and to disconnect the first and the second contact regions in the OFF state. Each chamber also includes two arc chutes for quenching an arc forming between the first and the second contact regions when switching to the OFF state. At least two magnets are configured to generate a magnetic field so as to exert a magnetic force on the arcs to divert each arc in a direction of an arc chute independent of the direction of current.

Abstract: The invention describes an arc-quenching arrangement for an electrical service switching device, with a fixed contact piece, a movable contact piece, with an arc splitter stack having arc splitter plates, each arc splitter plate having a cutout which is open towards the arc formation point, has a V-shaped notch and tapers in the form of a funnel in the arc running direction, and the arc being guided into the arc splitter stack via a first arc guide rail, which is associated with the fixed contact piece, and a second arc guide rail, which is associated with the movable contact piece. The first arc guide rail has a first, rectangular section, which faces the arc formation location, and a second section, which adjoins the first section and is in the form of a rectangular trapezium and whose first limb extends at an angle with respect to the mid-longitudinal axis of the first section and away therefrom.

Abstract: An arc member is provided for an electrical switching apparatus. The electrical switching apparatus includes an operating mechanism for opening and closing separable contacts, and an arc chute disposed proximate the separable contacts to attract an arc generated thereby. The separable contacts include a stationary contact and a movable contact. The stationary contact has an edge, which is disposed in a plane. The arc member includes an arc element disposed between the stationary contact and the arc chute. The arc element has first and second portions and first and second arc attractors. The first arc attractor extends outwardly from the first portion toward the plane of the edge of the stationary contact to draw the arc from the separable contacts to the arc member. The second arc attractors, which are disposed on the second portion of the arc element, direct the arc into the arc chute.

Abstract: An arc chute assembly includes a housing having a lateral axis and a quenching portion disposed within the housing. The quenching portion includes at least two deion plates being spaced along the lateral axis of the housing and each having a cut portion wherein the cut portions are staggered along the lateral axis with respect to one another and are configured to mitigate an arc.

Abstract: An arc splitter arrangement for an electrical switch comprises at least two arc splitters composed of a ferromagnetic material disposed parallel to one another, wherein each of the at least two arc splitters has a V-shaped cutout on a narrow face edge forming an inlet area for an arc, and an insulating material at least partially coating at least one side of the arc splitter, wherein the at least one side includes an area located behind the inlet area in an arc running direction, the area being free of, and surrounded by, the insulating material. A service switching device comprises at least one arc splitter arrangement.

Abstract: An electric switching device, designed to carry a low-voltage, in particular a circuit-breaker or contactor, having at least one arc-quenching unit (16;18) is provided. Connection contacts (8) are mounted in a housing (2) that can be sealed by a cover (4) and switching chambers (10) are configured in the housing. To adapt the device to different current ranges, the housing (2) and cover (4) are equipped with guide and retaining elements (12, 26, 28, 30) for cooling plates (16) that can be inserted and for arc-quenching laminated cores (18) that can be interchanged with the plates.

Abstract: An arc extinguisher assembly is provided for a mould cased circuit breaker capable of reducing time for arc extinguishing and preventing contacts from being damaged due to a back flow of an arc.

Abstract: The arc plates of an arc chute assembly for a circuit breaker are supported in spaced, stacked relation by a structural shell molded of a gas evolving resin. Generation of arc gases, that cool the arc thereby increasing the current interruption capability of the breaker, can be further enhanced by gas evolving additives included in the resin. Arc gas flow is increased to further cool the arc by molding the interior walls of the structural shell to form venturies between the arc plates. One or more elongated fibers wrapped around the stack of arc plates in an oval strengthen the structural shell to withstand the increased pressure generated by the high arc gas volume.

Abstract: A technique is provided for forcing greater voltage investment in an arc developed during interruption of a current carrying path. A source element is provided in a secondary current carrying path parallel to a primary path through the device. Upon interruption of the primary current carrying path, an arc is forced to migrate towards a dissipating structure under the influence of an electromagnetic field. The source material then begins to carry current and undergoes surface ablation, releasing gas which is directed towards the migrating arc. The arc is thus caused to expand further, increasing voltage investment and resulting in more rapid extinction and reduction in let-through energy.

Abstract: A current-limiting contact arrangement includes a conductor rail including a stationary contact and including two current loops extending at opposite sides of the conductor rail in respective planes parallel to a center plane of the contact arrangement. A contact arm including a movable contact which can be brought into and out of contact with the stationary contact is provided, the current loops extending in respective planes parallel to a center plane of the contact arrangement and along an entire opening travel of the movable contact. An arc control device including arc splitters and a cassette including a first part and a second part and an insulating material are also provided. The arc splitters are disposed in a positive-locking manner in an interior of the cassette, the contact arm and a part of the conductor rail including the stationary contact extending into the interior of the cassette, and the current loops being disposed in a positive-locking manner at outer walls of the cassette.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an activity book designed to make reading more enjoyable and educational for young readers. The activity book of the present invention comprises at least one illustrated page with at least one opening on the page through which a moldable material such as modeling clay is forced or extruded by the reader as through a die. The moldable material is forced through the opening(s) by the reader compressing the illustrated page against an area located on a hard flat surface such as a table or another page of the book. The moldable material passing through the opening(s) completes the illustration on the page. The shape of the opening(s) compliments the illustration and facilitates the completion of the illustration when a moldable material is extruded through the opening.

Abstract: An electric switch has an arc extinguishing mechanism that includes a plurality of splitter plates located adjacent to the switch contacts. An electromagnet coil is connected between one of the contacts and a splitter plate to produce a magnetic field that drives an arc into the extinguishing mechanism. The unique electromagnet coil is formed by a lamination of a plurality of flat open loops of conductive material alternating with layers of insulation. The flat open loops are interconnected to form a helical coil.

Abstract: A DC contactor has stationary and movable contacts. A magnet is rotatably mounted adjacent to the stationary contact within a self magnetic field produced by the flow of electric current in the stationary contact. The magnet rotates so that its magnetic field extends around the stationary contact in the same direction as the self magnetic field. When an arc forms between the stationary and movable contacts, interaction with the self magnetic field and the magnetic field drives the arc toward an adjacent extinguishing chamber.

Abstract: An electric arc extinguishing mechanism for an electric current switching apparatus employs a plurality of splitter plates in a conventional arc chute arrangement. Each splitter plate has a pair of permanent magnet structures that produce a magnetic field which interacts with the arc causing the arc to move continuously about the surface of the splitter plate until the arc is extinguished. Such movement prevents the arc energy from being concentrated in one spot which could melt the splitter plate.

Abstract: An electric arc extinguishing mechanism is provided for an electric current switching apparatus of the type having a pair of contacts which selectively engage to complete an electric circuit. The mechanism includes a plurality of splitter plates located adjacent to the contacts and formed of electrically conductive material. Each splitter plate has a body of electrically conductive material, and a casing with a pair of planar portions on opposite sides of the body and connected by the curved edge portion. The edge portion is adjacent the contacts with the planar portions extending from the edge portion in an open loop having a gap. Any arc introduced between adjacent splitter plates moves around the open loop before being extinguished thereby not residing in one spot long enough to cause gross melting and associated erosion of the splitter plate.

Abstract: A contactor for switching electric current has a stationary contact and a movable contact which when driven by a solenoid moves into and away from abutment with the stationary contact. An arc chute includes a plurality of splitter plates which extend radially from a center point in a geometric arc around the stationary contact on a side that is opposite to the movable contact. A curved arc runner is connected to the stationary contact to guide an electrical arc travelling between the stationary contact and each of the splitter plates. An elongated arc runner is connected to the movable contact to guide the electrical arc between the movable contact and splitter plates at the ends of the geometric arc.

Abstract: A contactor for switching electric current has a stationary contact and a movable contact which when driven by a solenoid moves into and away from abutment with the stationary contact. An arc extinguishing chamber is adjacent to the movable and stationary contacts and includes two rows of splitter plates with a gap therebetween. Each row comprises alternating splitter plates of first and second types. The first type of splitter plate has a first member of non-magnetic material with an aperture within which a permanent magnet is received and a second member of a magnetic material abutting the first member remote from the gap. An outer casing of a non-ferrous, electrically conductive material extends at least partially around the first and second members. The second type of splitter plates are formed of non-ferrous, electrically conductive material. The magnets produce a magnetic field around each of the first type of splitter plates which causes the electric arc to move about the surface of the outer casing.

Abstract: A medium-voltage or high-voltage circuit-breaker including, in a casing filled with a dielectric gas, an interrupting chamber in which metal plates are disposed for splitting up an electric arc into a multitude of smaller or "elementary" arcs under the action of a magnetic field, the circuit-breaker including a helical insulating ramp winding around a central generator line, the ramp being disposed on the inside peripheral portion of the chamber and around a conductive electrode, and the metal plates being disposed along the ramp, around and at a distance from the conductive electrode.

Abstract: A circuit breaker is formed of a stationary contact member bent back into a U-shape and having a stationary contact at a bent back portion thereof, a moving contact member situated adjacent to the stationary contact member to be able to contact with the stationary contact, a plurality of grids laminated vertically with a space therebetween, and a unitary molded insulator situated around the stationary contact member. The insulator includes a pair of side walls facing to each other, and a plurality of slots arranged in the opposed side walls to vertically space apart from each other. The grids are inserted into the slots to be vertically piled when the circuit breaker is assembled. The circuit breaker can be easily assembled.