Abstract: Disclosed is a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet with extremely low iron loss by means of a magnetic domain refining technique. In a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having a plurality of magnetic domains refined via a local strain introduction portion, when a direct-current external magnetic field is applied to the steel sheet in a rolling direction, for a magnetic flux leaked from the local strain introduction portion at a position 1.0 mm away from a surface of the steel sheet at a side of the local strain introduction portion, a value obtained by dividing an intensity level of a total leakage magnetic flux by an intensity level of a magnetic flux leaked due to causes other than strain is more than 1.2.

Abstract: In an example, a method includes operating, by a processor, on object model data and operating, on a processor, on pattern data. The object model data describes at least part of an object to be generated in additive manufacturing and the pattern data describes an object pattern intended to be formed on at least a portion of the part of the object to be generated in additive manufacturing. The method includes determining, by a processor, control data to control a print agent applicator to apply a pattern of fusing agent onto a part of a layer of build material. The pattern of fusing agent comprises a fusing agent area and a gap area that lacks fusing agent. The gap area corresponds to the object pattern such that no fusing agent is applied to a part of the layer of build material that corresponds to the object pattern.

Abstract: A method for patterning film layer, a metal wire grid polarizer and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The method includes: forming an imprint adhesive layer on a metal layer; imprinting the imprint adhesive layer to form a groove so that part of the metal layer is exposed from the bottom of the groove; performing a surface treatment on the exposed metal layer to form an etching-resist layer on the surface of the exposed metal layer, the etching-resist layer containing an element contained in the metal layer; and etching the imprint adhesive layer and the surface-treated metal layer to remove the imprint adhesive layer and the metal layer whose surface is not formed with the etching-resist layer, to obtain a patterned metal layer, thereby reducing cost and time of the metal layer patterning and improving the patterning accuracy.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes: an optical waveguide; and a resin coating that is lower in refractive index than the optical waveguide and covers a side surface of the optical waveguide except in a coating-removed section of the side surface. The coating-removed section of the side surface is covered throughout with an inorganic layer that is lower in refractive index than the optical waveguide.

Abstract: A phenomenon where a depicted pattern becomes unclear owing to a rotational runout of a roller mold in the direction of a rotary shaft is suppressed while restraining an increase in the cost.

Abstract: A vibration isolation apparatus includes a support unit that elastically supports an object to a mounting surface, a measurement sensor that measures a displacement of the object relative to the mounting surface, a drive unit that drives the object, and a storage unit. The storage unit stores data indicating a relationship between the displacement of the object and information that indicates a non-linear force produced by an elastic element including a support unit and that corresponds to the displacement. The drive unit drives the object in accordance with the displacement of the object and the data.

Abstract: In a method for controlling pulse arc welding where an arc is created between a wire and a base material, a pulse waveform different from the pulse waveform for steady-state welding is outputted when a predetermined time has passed since short-circuit welding control was started at arc start, and after a sufficiently large melt pool is formed, the pulse waveform for the steady-state welding is outputted. This reduces the generation of spatters after an arc is created and until the arc is stabilized.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new technology which uses a surface modification method for ultra-precision machining, and in particular relates to a particle beam-assisted ultraprecision machining method for single-crystal brittle materials. The invention, the particle beam-assisted ultra-precision machining method for single-crystal brittle materials, can significantly improve machining accuracy, reduce surface finish and greatly reduce tool wear during ultra-precision machining of brittle materials.

Abstract: There are a multiplicity of methods of making through-holes. In particular in the production of a multiplicity of film-cooling holes, as in gas turbine blades or combustion chamber elements, small time advantages are also important when making a hole. The method according to the invention, to make the hole close to the final contour in each case in sections in a top and a bottom region in order to then produce the final contour with other laser parameters, achieves time advantages.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cleaning a contact tube (20) of a welding torch (10), via which contact tube a welding wire (13) is supplied with electrical energy, said welding wire being moved towards the welding torch (10) by a wire reel (14) or a welding drum via a wire feeder (11), as well as to a welding plant (1) and a contact tube (20) for the welding torch (10) of such a welding plant (1). In order to prolong the service life of a contact tube (20) of a welding torch (10), the invention provides that the welding wire (13) is at least once moved backwards in the direction of the wire reel (4) or wire drum until the end (27) of the welding wire (13) lies at least within the length (36) of the contact tube (20), and that the welding wire (13) will subsequently again be moved forwards, in particular moved backwards into its starting position.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a component formed using an additive manufacturing process. Further disclosed is a method for providing a component for use with a combustion device. In the method, a component formed using an additive manufacturing process is provided. The component is left with a plurality of powder particles only partially fused to an internal passage thereof as a result of the additive manufacturing process. The method further includes removing the partially fused powder particles from the internal passage with a thermal energy process.

Abstract: There are a multiplicity of methods of making through-holes. In particular in the production of a multiplicity of film-cooling holes, as in gas turbine blades or combustion chamber elements, small time advantages are also important when making a hole. The method according to the invention, to make the hole close to the final contour in each case in sections in a top and a bottom region in order to then produce the final contour with other laser parameters, achieves time advantages.

Abstract: A spectacle lens has a colored mark, a colored graphics image with a predeterminable color and brightness impression. The spectacle lens includes a lens body having a light-refracting effect and having a surface with an interference layer system arranged on the surface.

Abstract: There are a multiplicity of methods of making through-holes. In particular in the production of a multiplicity of film-cooling holes, as in gas turbine blades or combustion chamber elements, small time advantages are also important when making a hole. The method according to the invention, to make the hole close to the final contour in each case in sections in a top and a bottom region in order to then produce the final contour with other laser parameters, achieves time advantages.

Abstract: The present invention efficiently processes work pieces by transferring them without bringing them outside. The present invention comprises: a stage 4 for working, which is used when working a work piece D, L by irradiating a focused beam B while observing the work piece D, L in an observation region W of a previously determined range, and possessing a table 10 having plural mount bases 2, 3 on whose upper faces 2a, 3a there can be respectively mounted the work piece D, L; and a rotation slant means 11 rotating respectively the mount base 2, 3 about a Z-axis perpendicular to the upper faces 2a, 3a and slanting the upper faces 2a, 3a to an arbitrary angle, wherein the table 10 is made possible to move so as to dispose respectively the plural mount bases 2, 3 to an inside of the observation region W.

Abstract: Methods and devices for selective etching in a semiconductor process are shown. Chemical species generated in a reaction chamber provide both a selective etching function and concurrently form a protective coating on other regions. An electron beam provides activation to selective chemical species. In one example, reactive species are generated from a plasma source to provide an increased reactive species density. Addition of other gasses to the system can provide functions such as controlling a chemistry in a protective layer during a processing operation. In one example an electron beam array such as a carbon nanotube array is used to selectively expose a surface during a processing operation.

Abstract: A gemstone micro-inscription system, comprising an energy source, a spatial light modulator, and a control, the control controlling a spatial light pattern modulation of the spatial light modulator, wherein the spatial light modulator exposes a photoresist on the gemstone, which selectively impedes an etching process to produce a pattern on the gemstone corresponding to the spatial light modulation pattern.

Abstract: A method of using Joule heating to regenerate nanowire based biosensors. The nanowire based biosensor contains various detection molecules, such as nucleic acids, bound to the surface of the nanowire. Binding of analyte nucleic acids to the detection molecules alters the electrical properties of the nanowire, producing a detectable signal. By passing a Joule heating effective amount of electrical current through the nanowire, the nanowire may be heated to a temperature sufficient to dissociate the bound analyte from the detection molecule, without damaging the detection molecules or the bond between the detection molecules and the nanowire surface. The Joule heated nanowires may thus be regenerated to an analyte-free “fresh” state and used for further sensing. In alternate embodiments, the specificity of the nanowire for a particular analyte may be modulated by using Joule heating to heat the nanowire to an intermediate temperature where some analytes bind and some do not.

Abstract: A process for producing through-holes in a sheet member to form a perforated article, such as an arcuate (non-planar) acoustic skin suitable for use in an acoustic panel of an aircraft engine nacelle. The process includes deforming a sheet member to have an arcuate shape with an arcuate surface, mounting and rotating the arcuate-shaped sheet member on a mandrel and then, while rotating the sheet member, directing an electron beam at the arcuate surface of the sheet member and deflecting the electron beam toward multiple locations on the arcuate surface to produce the through-holes through the sheet member in a defined hole pattern and thereby yield a perforated arcuate-shaped sheet member with holes having axes substantially normal to the arcuate surface. The holes are not subjected to elongation in a nonuniform manner after they are produced, and have the same transverse cross-sectional shape.

Abstract: In a method for processing a nanotube, a vapor is condensed to a solid condensate layer on a surface of the nanotube and then at least one selected region of the condensate layer is locally removed by directing a beam of energy at the selected region. The nanotube can be processed with at least a portion of the solid condensate layer maintained on the nanotube surface and thereafter the solid condensate layer removed. Nanotube processing can include, e.g., depositing a material layer on an exposed nanotube surface region where the condensate layer was removed. After forming a solid condensate layer, an electron beam can be directed at a selected region along a nanotube length corresponding to a location for cutting the nanotube, to locally remove the condensate layer at the region, and an ion beam can be directed at the selected region to cut the nanotube at the selected region.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of marking a batch of products, consisting in forming a synthetic hologram of an image (20) on each product, said hologram being furthermore encoded using a phase key, the image comprising a first portion (22) common to the various products of the batch and a second portion (24) that differs from one product to another.

Abstract: There are a multiplicity of methods of making through-holes. In particular in the production of a multiplicity of film-cooling holes, as in gas turbine blades or combustion chamber elements, small time advantages are also important when making a hole. The method according to the invention, to make the hole close to the final contour in each case in sections in a top and a bottom region in order to then produce the final contour with other laser parameters, achieves time advantages.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for forming a patterned material layer on a structure, by condensing a vapor to a solid condensate layer on a surface of the structure and then localized removal of selected regions of the condensate layer by directing a beam of energy at the selected regions. The structure can then be processed, with at least a portion of the patterned solid condensate layer on the structure surface, and then the solid condensate layer removed. Further there can be stimulated localized reaction between the solid condensate layer and the structure by directing a beam of energy at at least one selected region of the condensate layer.

Abstract: A method for etching a chromium layer in a vacuum chamber which may comprise introducing a halogen compound into the vacuum chamber, directing an electron beam onto the area of the chromium layer to be etched and/or introducing an oxygen including compound into the vacuum chamber. A further method for the highly resolved removal of a layer out of metal and/or metal oxide which may be arranged on an isolator or a substrate having poor thermal conductivity, may comprise arranging the layer inside a vacuum chamber, bombarding the layer with a focused electron beam with an energy of 3-30 keV, wherein the electron beam may be guided such that the energy transfer per time and area causes a localized heating of the layer above its melting and/or vaporization point and wherein the removal of the layer may be performed without the supply of reaction gases into the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: Methods and devices for selective etching in a semiconductor process are shown. Chemical species generated in a reaction chamber provide both a selective etching function and concurrently form a protective coating on other regions. An electron beam provides activation to selective chemical species. In one example, reactive species are generated from a plasma source to provide an increased reactive species density. Addition of other gasses to the system can provide functions such as controlling a chemistry in a protective layer during a processing operation. In one example an electron beam array such as a carbon nanotube array is used to selectively expose a surface during a processing operation.

Abstract: Methods of shape modifying a nanodevice by contacting it with a low-energy focused electron beam are disclosed here. In one embodiment, a nanodevice may be permanently reformed to a different geometry through an application of a deforming force and a low-energy focused electron beam. With the addition of an assist gas, material may be removed from the nanodevice through application of the low-energy focused electron beam. The independent methods of shape modification and material removal may be used either individually or simultaneously. Precision cuts with accuracies as high as 10 nm may be achieved through the use of precision low-energy Scanning Electron Microscope scan beams. These methods may be used in an automated system to produce nanodevices of very precise dimensions. These methods may be used to produce nanodevices of carbon-based, silicon-based, or other compositions by varying the assist gas.

Abstract: A spinner for fiberizing glass has fiberizing holes formed in the spinner sidewall by a process utilizing an electron beam perforating process. A backing material used in the process is deposited on the walls of the fiberizing holes for increasing the corrosion resistance of the fiberizing holes. With regard to the formation of each fiberizing hole, an interaction of the backing material with an electron beam during the electron beam perforating process creates a gaseous backing material that expands through a hole created by the electron beam in the spinner sidewall to eject molten alloy material of the spinner sidewall made molten by the electron beam from the hole and deposit a thin substantially uniform coating layer of the backing material on the wall of the hole to increase the corrosion resistance of the fiberizing hole thus formed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for smoothing and polishing surfaces by treating them with energetic radiation, in particular laser radiation, in which the to-be-smoothed surface is remelted in a first treatment step using said energetic radiation and employing first treatment parameters at least once down to a first remelting depth of approx. 5 to 100 ?m, which is greater than a structural depth of the to-be-smoothed structures of said to-be-smoothed surface, wherein continuous radiation or pulsed radiation with a pulse duration of ?100 ?s is employed. The method makes it possible to automatically polish any three-dimensional surface fast and cost effective.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for forming a patterned material layer on a structure, by condensing a vapor to a solid condensate layer on a surface of the structure and then localized removal of selected regions of the condensate layer by directing a beam of energy at the selected regions, exposing the structure at the selected regions. A material layer is then deposited on top of the solid condensate layer and the exposed structure at the selected regions. Then the solid condensate layer and regions of the material layer that were deposited on the solid condensate layer are removed, leaving a patterned material layer on the structure.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for forming a patterned material layer on a structure, by condensing a vapor to a solid condensate layer on a surface of the structure and then localized removal of selected regions of the condensate layer by directing a beam of energy at the selected regions. The structure can then be processed, with at least a portion of the patterned solid condensate layer on the structure surface, and then the solid condensate layer removed. Further there can be stimulated localized reaction between the solid condensate layer and the structure by directing a beam of energy at at least one selected region of the condensate layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method performing a sequence of processing steps on a load supported by a processing plate. The load can include a single sheet on which a plurality of applications are performed or can include a plurality of panels on which respective applications are performed. For each application, at least one coarse target and at least one panel target are used to adjust the programmed coordinates for that application. After the first application of the load is processed using the coarse and panel targets, coarse and panel targets are located for the second application. Using the alignment provided by these targets, the second application is processed. Each subsequent application is similarly aligned and processed.

Abstract: A method of drawing a pattern on a base material by scanning a beam, comprising: drawing a pattern including ring-shaped zones on a first pattern-drawn field on a base material by scanning a beam on a first pattern-drawn field; shifting at least one of the beam source and the base material to scan the beam on a second pattern-drawn field located next to the first pattern-drawn field in such a way that a boundary between the first pattern-drawn field and the second pattern-drawn field is positioned at a joint portion between a slope portion and a side wall portion of the ring-shaped zones; and drawing the pattern on the second pattern-drawn field by scanning a beam so that the joint portion between the slope portion and the side wall portion is drawn at the boundary between the first pattern-drawn field and the second pattern-drawn field.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for the directed formation of a re-entrant micro-jet formed upon the collapse of a cavitation bubble formed proximate to a work surface placed in a fluid. A mask containing an orifice, placed between the work surface and the cavitation bubble, is utilized to direct the re-entrant micro-jet to the work surface. The cavitation bubble may be formed in the desired location by focusing an energy flow proximate to the mask. The energy flow may be obtained by radiation from laser, x-ray, or electrical discharge sources.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for the directed formation of a re-entrant micro-jet formed upon the collapse of a working cavitation bubble formed proximate to a work surface. A target bubble, formed between the work surface and the working cavitation bubble, is utilized to direct the re-entrant micro-jet to the work surface.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a tool to form a dynamic pressure bearing in which at least one of the bearing surfaces has a plurality of pressure generating grooves defined by projections and in which lubricating fluid is contained in the grooves to provide lubrication between the bearing surfaces when they rotate relative to one another. A flat bevel is created at one or more of the corners of each of the projections that define the grooves thereby generating a wedge-shaped space that communicates between the grooves and the gap between the bearing surfaces. This wedge-shaped space facilitates passage of lubricating fluid from the groove to the gap when movement, normally rotation, occurs between the two bearing surfaces thereby minimizing wear between the surfaces.

Abstract: A processing method of electroless plating in which a catalyst layer is absorbed on a surface of a substrate, a laser beam is selectively applied to the catalyst layer, processing of electroless plating is applied to the substrate, thereby a plating layer is not formed on a part to which the laser beam has been applied, and a plating layer is formed on a part to which laser beam has not been applied.

Abstract: Novel methods and devices for nanomachining a desired pattern on a surface of a conductive workpiece are disclosed. In one aspect, the method comprises using an electron beam emitted from one or more nanotubes to evaporate nanoscale quantities of material from the workpiece surface. The surface of the workpiece to be machined may be excited to a threshold energy to reduce the amount of power required to be emitted by the nanotube. In another aspect, a device is described for nanomachining a desired pattern on a surface of a conductive workpiece, comprising a vessel capable of sustaining a vacuum, a leveling support, a nanopositioning stage, and a laser for heating the workpiece. A nanotool is provided comprising at least one nanotube supported on an electrically conductive base, adapted to emit an electron beam for evaporating material from an electrically conductive workpiece.

Abstract: An electrical discharge machining probe for creation of micrometer and nanometer scale structures. The probe is further designed to allow ions to be accelerated toward a target surface. The probe is further designed and the ions are further selected and energized to either dislodge atoms from the target surface or to be deposited on the target surface.