Abstract: Systems and methods for additive manufacturing systems implementing adaptive optics in accordance with various embodiments of the invention are illustrated. One embodiment includes an additive manufacturing system including a laser source configured to form an output beam, a scanning mirror disposed in an optical path of the output beam, wherein the scanning mirror is configured to reflect and scan the output beam at a range of scan angles, a deformable mirror disposed in the optical path of the output beam, wherein the deformable mirror has a plurality of configurations for reflecting and altering a wavefront of the output beam, wherein the configuration of the deformable mirror is based on the scan angle of the scanning mirror, and a print bed configured to hold a print material, wherein the output beam is configured to fuse the print material to form a build object.

Abstract: Methods for repairing a coated part with holes extending therethrough are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving a part where a coating on a first side of the part at least partially obstructs a first opening of a hole on the first side of the part. Measured hole data indicative of a position of a second opening of the hole on a second side of the part opposite the first side is then acquired. Based on the measured hole data, the first opening of the hole is cleared of the coating by laser drilling via the second opening of the hole.

Abstract: A system for and a method of controlling filler wire is provided. The system includes a high intensity energy source configured to heat at least one workpiece to create a molten puddle on a surface of the at least one workpiece. A filler wire feeder is configured to feed a filler wire into said molten puddle, and a travel direction controller is configured to advance the high intensity energy source and the filler wire in a travel direction to deposit the filler wire on the at least one workpiece. The system also includes a filler wire controller configured to move the filler wire in at least a first direction during the feeding and advancing of the filler wire. At least the first direction is controlled to obtain a desired shape, profile, height, size, or an admixture of a bead formed by the molten puddle.

Abstract: A metal forming apparatus includes an injection device and a displacement speed monitoring device. The injection device includes a moveable injection rod defining a sliding channel, and a magnet ring disposed on the injection rod, the displacement speed monitoring device includes a housing sealedly connected to the injection device, and a linear displacement sensor disposed in the housing, a rear end of the injection rod is extended into the housing such that a front end of the linear displacement sensor is located in the sliding channel.

Abstract: A powder metallurgical article and process are disclosed. The article is a repaired or enlarged powder metallurgical article. The repaired or enlarged powder metallurgical article includes a formed article including a first alloy and a material including a second alloy. The material is welded to the formed article to form the repaired or enlarged powder metallurgical article. The repaired or enlarged powder metallurgical article includes a substantially uniform grain structure.

Abstract: Device surfaces are rendered superhydrophobic and/or superoleophobic through microstructures and/or nanostructures that utilize the same base material(s) as the device itself without the need for coatings made from different materials or substances. A medical device includes a portion made from a base material having a surface adapted for contact with biological material, and wherein the surface is modified to become superhydrophobic, superoleophobic, or both, using only the base material, excluding non-material coatings. The surface may be modified using a subtractive process, an additive process, or a combination thereof. The product of the process may form part of an implantable device or a medical instrument, including a medical device or instrument associated with an intraocular procedure.

Abstract: A hybrid diffusion-brazing process and hybrid diffusion-brazed article are disclosed. The hybrid diffusion-brazing process includes providing a component having a temperature-tolerant region and a temperature-sensitive region, brazing a braze material to the temperature-tolerant region during a localized brazing cycle, then heating the component in a furnace during a diffusion cycle. The brazing and the heating diffusion-braze the braze material to the component, and the localized brazing cycle is performed independent of the diffusion cycle in the hybrid diffusion-brazing process. The hybrid diffusion-brazed article includes a component, and a braze material diffusion-brazed to the component with a filler material. The filler material has a melting temperature that is above a tolerance temperature of the component.

Abstract: In a method for controlling pulse arc welding where an arc is created between a wire and a base material, a pulse waveform different from the pulse waveform for steady-state welding is outputted when a predetermined time has passed since short-circuit welding control was started at arc start, and after a sufficiently large melt pool is formed, the pulse waveform for the steady-state welding is outputted. This reduces the generation of spatters after an arc is created and until the arc is stabilized.

Abstract: Methods are provided for joining two panels by welding together a seam formed at a flange of each panel using a welding tractor adapted to travel along the seam to be welded. A welding tractor adapted for use in the methods is also provided, as is a welded panel product fabricated using the methods provided.

Abstract: Medical implants with non-equilibrium surface structures are disclosed. The surface treatment of the implants greatly enhances osseointegration, reduces time to recovery following implant surgery, reduces surgery-related infections, and improves outcomes. The implants, including dental implants and other implants for insertion into or attachment to bone, are applicable to treatment of a wide variety of medical conditions. The methods of altering the surface properties of medical implants include exposure of a crystalline surface material, such as metal or ceramic, to a short burst of high thermal energy or shock, resulting in the introduction of a non-equilibrium concentration of crystal lattice defects in a surface layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrical component includes providing a substrate, applying an insulating layer on the substrate, applying a circuit layer on the insulating layer, irradiating the insulating layer with an electron beam to transform the insulating layer, and irradiating the circuit layer with an electron beam to transform the circuit layer. The substrate may be a metallic substrate that is highly thermally conductive. The insulating layer provides electrical isolation and effective heat transfer between the circuit layer and the substrate. The method may include coupling a light emitting diode module or other active circuits requiring thermal management to the circuit layer resident on the electrically insulating/thermally conducting layer.

Abstract: There are a multiplicity of methods of making through-holes. In particular in the production of a multiplicity of film-cooling holes, as in gas turbine blades or combustion chamber elements, small time advantages are also important when making a hole. The method according to the invention, to make the hole close to the final contour in each case in sections in a top and a bottom region in order to then produce the final contour with other laser parameters, achieves time advantages.

Abstract: A method for producing an artificial bone capable of accurate molding at a joined part with appropriate strength, in which electromagnetic waves or electron beams are irradiated to a layer of at least type of powder selected from metal biomaterials, ceramics for the artificial bone and plastic resins for the artificial bone based on image data corresponding to a shape of the artificial bone, thereby effecting sintering or melting, and the thus sintered layer or melted and solidified layer is laminated, such that a surface finish step is adopted that inner faces and/or outer faces of both ends and their vicinities configuring the joined part to a human bone part are polished by a rotating tool based on the image data and also irradiation of electromagnetic waves or electron beams at both ends and their vicinities constituting the joined part is set greater than that at other regions.

Abstract: A system for heat treating a weld joint includes a beam generator that produces a beam directed at the weld joint. A beam splitter between the beam generator and the weld joint diverts a portion of the beam along a path. A reflector receives the diverted portion of the beam and directs it to a point at the weld joint. A modulator in the path controls passage of the diverted portion of the beam. A method for heat treating a weld joint includes directing a beam at the weld joint, diverting a portion of the beam, and reflecting the diverted portion of the beam in the direction of the weld joint. The method further includes modulating the diverted portion of the beam to control the passage of the diverted portion of the beam.

Abstract: Apparatus for manufacturing a component and a method of manufacturing a component. The method comprises the steps of directing a beam of energy to heat a working region of a substrate and adjusting the cross sectional shape of the beam to thereby generate a variety of predetermined cross sectional shapes of working region while the beam is being directed onto the substrate. Thus the distribution of energy delivered to the substrate is controlled during the manufacturing process. The cross sectional shape and area of the beam is repeatedly monitored and compared to a library of predetermined cross sectional shape(s) and area(s).

Abstract: A process for producing through-holes in a sheet member to form a perforated article, such as an arcuate (non-planar) acoustic skin suitable for use in an acoustic panel of an aircraft engine nacelle. The process includes deforming a sheet member to have an arcuate shape with an arcuate surface, mounting and rotating the arcuate-shaped sheet member on a mandrel and then, while rotating the sheet member, directing an electron beam at the arcuate surface of the sheet member and deflecting the electron beam toward multiple locations on the arcuate surface to produce the through-holes through the sheet member in a defined hole pattern and thereby yield a perforated arcuate-shaped sheet member with holes having axes substantially normal to the arcuate surface. The holes are not subjected to elongation in a nonuniform manner after they are produced, and have the same transverse cross-sectional shape.

Abstract: The disclosure mainly relates to a stainless steel sheet containing a minimum of 10.5% by weight of Cr and a maximum of 1.2% by weight of C, the microstructure of which is martensitic or austeno-martensitic and comprises at least 2% by volume of martensite, essentially characterized in that it comprises at least one local portion of lesser mechanical resistance, having a martensitic content at least 10% lower than that of the remainder of said sheet; said local portion being at least partly with a thickness equal to that of said sheet. The disclosure also relates to a method for manufacturing this steel sheet and to a steel part which may be obtained by deformation of this sheet.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a component and a component are disclosed. The method includes beam brazing a pre-sintered preform to the component to form a beam-brazed portion. The component includes a beam-brazed portion formed by a pre-sintered preform.

Abstract: Laser processing is enhanced by using endpointing or by using a charged particle beam together with a laser. End-pointing uses emissions, such as photons, electrons, ions, or neutral particles, from the substrate to determine when the material under the laser has changed or is about to change. Material removed from the sample can be deflected to avoid deposition onto the laser optics.

Abstract: The present provides methods for treating a part made from a decomposable semiconductor material, and particularly, methods for detaching a surface film from the rest of such a part. According to the provided methods, a burst or pulse of light particles of short duration and very high intensity is applied to the part in order to selectively heat under substantially adiabatic conditions an area of the part located at a predefined depth from the surface to a temperature higher than the decomposition temperature of the material, and subsequently a surface film is detached from the rest of the part at the heated area. In preferred embodiments, the decomposable semiconductor material comprises Ga, or comprises AlxGayIn1-x-yN, where 0?x?1, 0?y?1 and x+y?1.

Abstract: A system for heat treating a weld joint includes a beam generator that produces a beam directed at the weld joint. A beam splitter between the beam generator and the weld joint diverts a portion of the beam along a path. A reflector receives the diverted portion of the beam and directs it to a point at the weld joint. A modulator in the path controls passage of the diverted portion of the beam. A method for heat treating a weld joint includes directing a beam at the weld joint, diverting a portion of the beam, and reflecting the diverted portion of the beam in the direction of the weld joint. The method further includes modulating the diverted portion of the beam to control the passage of the diverted portion of the beam.

Abstract: An arrangement for generating extreme ultraviolet radiation by an electrically operated gas discharge which achieves an improvement in the adjustment of the layer thickness when applying a molten metal to the electrode surfaces and provides better protection against the uncontrolled spreading of molten metal into the environment that is associated with an increase in the rotational speed of the electrodes. It should be possible to increase the rotational speed to the extent that unconsumed discharge zones of the electrodes are always situated in the discharge area at repetition frequencies of several kilohertz. An edge area to be covered has at least one receiving area which extends circumferentially in a closed manner along the edge of the electrode on the electrode surface and which is constructed so as to be wetting for the molten metal and to which a liquid dispensing nozzle is directed for regenerative application of the molten metal.

Abstract: A powder metallurgical article and process are disclosed. The article is a repaired or enlarged powder metallurgical article. The repaired or enlarged powder metallurgical article includes a formed article including a first alloy and a material including a second alloy. The material is welded to the formed article to form the repaired or enlarged powder metallurgical article. The repaired or enlarged powder metallurgical article includes a substantially uniform grain structure.

Abstract: A method of joining dissimilar materials of the present invention has a step of lapping a high melting point material on a low melting point material with a third material interposed therebetween. The third material is different from the high and low melting point materials. Further, the method has a step of irradiating an energy beam onto the high melting point material and a step of pressing the high and low melting point materials to cause eutectic melting between at least one of the high and low melting point materials and the third material and to join the high and low melting point materials in the form of a line.

Abstract: A method and system that includes generation of an energy beam. The energy beam may be generated from a focused energy source. Additionally, the energy beam may be directed towards a pre-sintered preform. The pre-sintered preform may be made of a braze material and may seal a hole that may be located in a turbine component.

Abstract: A process whereby a one sided electrode is allowed to discharge to essentially its own potential field is presented. The process may be utilized for joining by discharging particles as well as for spot welding or other heating purposes. Examples of several uses are given and the electrical diagram for such a discharger is also shown.

Abstract: A temperature control method for a heating apparatus including a chamber which can be evacuated and has a conductive portion, a filament which is positioned in the chamber, a first power supply which supplies a current to the filament, a second power supply which applies, to the filament, a voltage for acceleration to the chamber, an ammeter which measures a current of the filament, and a voltmeter which measures the acceleration voltage, the method comprises a first step of evacuating an interior of the chamber; a second step of supplying the filament current from the first power supply to the filament after the first step; a third step of applying the acceleration voltage to the filament after the second step; and a fourth step of controlling the acceleration voltage to keep a surface temperature of the chamber to be lower than a temperature of the filament after the third step while keeping constant the filament current from the first power supply.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assembly of small structures is disclosed. The present invention discloses electron beams created from one or more nanotips in an array operated in a field emission mode that can be controlled to apply heat to very well defined spots. The multiple electron beams may be generated and deflected and applied to electron beam heating and welding applications.

Abstract: A method for hydrogen sintering a substrate including a semiconductor device formed thereon comprises the steps of exciting a processing gas comprising a noble gas and a hydrogen gas to form a plasma comprising hydrogen radicals and hydrogen ions, and exposing the substrate to the plasma. A preferred method comprises forming a gate insulation film on a substrate, forming a polysilicon electrode on the gate insulation film, and exposing the polysilicon electrode to an atmosphere comprising hydrogen radicals and hydrogen ions.

Abstract: An energy beam assisted solid-state welding welds a wire material to a substrate. A wire of coating or repairing material is placed in contact with a surface or surfaces of a substrate. A beam is directed into an outer flat surface of the wire, which heats the wire through flat outer surface of the wire with beam energy. Beam energy produces compression stress-waves that drive molecules of the material flat wire into a surface of the substrate, joining the material and the substrate with strong wave shaped interfaces.

Abstract: Electron beam annealing apparatuses for annealing a thin layer on a substrate and annealing methods using the apparatuses are provided. The electron beam annealing apparatuses may include an electron beam scanning unit that may scan a pulsed electron beam onto a substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stent with a structure of a biocorrodible magnesium alloy or tungsten alloy, which comprises a multiplicity of web sections connected to one another, wherein (i) the structure has a support structure of a number of first web sections connected to one another, which are designed to perform a function supporting the vascular wall or preserving the mechanical integrity of the stent after an expansion of the stent for a predetermined period of time and (ii) at least one second web section is present, which a) is directly connected to a selected first web section, b) does not perform a function supporting the vascular wall or preserving the mechanical integrity of the stent after the expansion of the stent for the predetermined period of time, and c) has a smaller average grain size than the first web sections of the support structure from (i).

Abstract: A gemstone positioning fixture, including a base and a cover plate applied over the base. The cover plate has apertures, one for each gem to be worked on. At least one biasing member is positioned beneath the plate. The biasing member applies an upward force to the gems to contact the cover plate. The plate is formed of materials that conduct electricity, so as to conduct any charged particles away from the gem work surface.

Abstract: A spinner for fiberizing glass has fiberizing holes formed in the spinner sidewall by a process utilizing an electron beam perforating process. A backing material used in the process is deposited on the walls of the fiberizing holes for increasing the corrosion resistance of the fiberizing holes. With regard to the formation of each fiberizing hole, an interaction of the backing material with an electron beam during the electron beam perforating process creates a gaseous backing material that expands through a hole created by the electron beam in the spinner sidewall to eject molten alloy material of the spinner sidewall made molten by the electron beam from the hole and deposit a thin substantially uniform coating layer of the backing material on the wall of the hole to increase the corrosion resistance of the fiberizing hole thus formed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for smoothing and polishing surfaces by treating them with energetic radiation, in particular laser radiation, in which the to-be-smoothed surface is remelted in a first treatment step using said energetic radiation and employing first treatment parameters at least once down to a first remelting depth of approx. 5 to 100 ?m, which is greater than a structural depth of the to-be-smoothed structures of said to-be-smoothed surface, wherein continuous radiation or pulsed radiation with a pulse duration of ?100 ?s is employed. The method makes it possible to automatically polish any three-dimensional surface fast and cost effective.

Abstract: A joining of a titanium material with an aluminium material, wherein the parts made of the two substances are connected with each other in a substance-to-substance manner. Preferably, the joining is effected by a laser beam or an electron beam.

Abstract: Provided are devices comprising one or more nanoscale pores for use in, inter alia, analyzing various biological molecules. Also provided are methods for the fabrication of nanoscale pores in solid-state substrates, methods for functionalizing nanopores in solid-state substrates, and methods for sequencing polymers using devices containing nanoscale pores.

Abstract: A metallic, rigidized foil support structure (11) supports a cell (14) of a solid oxide fuel cell (10). The support structure (11) includes a separator sheet (18), a support sheet (16) having perforations (26) configured to communicate a fluid, and a porous layer (20) positioned between the separator sheet (18) and the support sheet (16). The porous layer (20) provides support and reinforcement to the support structure (11) as well as an electrical connection between the support sheet (16) and the separator sheet (18). Fuel flows through the porous layer (20).

Abstract: Method for surface treating a die made of metal in which a low energy, pulsed electron beam, which does not scatter, performs a treatment over a wide area due to presence of anode plasma in a chamber in which the electron beam is formed to smooth and gloss a surface of the die and increase a surface hardness and corrosion resistance of the die. The irradiation may be performed with an energy density not less than 1 J/cm2 per pulse, at least 5 pulse irradiations and a pulse duration of at least 1 ?s. A die subjected to the surface treatment method exhibits improved surface smoothness and glossiness, as well as high corrosion resistance.

Abstract: Here is presented a versatile technique for machining of nanometer-scale features using tightly-focused ultrashort laser pulses. By the invention, the size of features can be reduced far below the wavelength of light, thus enabling nanomachining of a wide range of materials. The features may be extremely small (<20 nm) and are highly reproducible.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a method for cleaning an electron beam treatment apparatus that includes: (a) generating an electron beam that energizes a cleaning gas in a chamber of the electron beam treatment apparatus; (b) monitoring an electron beam current; (c) adjusting a pressure of the cleaning gas to maintain the electron beam current at a substantially constant value; and (d) stopping when a predetermined condition has been reached.

Abstract: The interfacial joint area of a target/backing plate assembly is sealed so as to inhibit the migration of air and/or water vapor that may be present or trapped along the interfacial surfaces. A pool or bead of molten solder is placed along the interfacial joint and moved continuously around the full 360° circumference of the assembly so as to cover and seal the boundary area. The solder is melted, preferably, by e-beam welding in a vacuum or the like.

Abstract: Method for surface treating a die made of metal in which a low energy, pulsed electron beam, which does not scatter, performs a treatment over a wide area due to presence of anode plasma in a chamber in which the electron beam is formed to smooth and gloss a surface of the die and increase a surface hardness and corrosion resistance of the die. The irradiation may be performed with an energy density not less than 1 J/cm2 per pulse, at least 5 pulse irradiations and a pulse duration of at least 1 &mgr;s. A die subjected to the surface treatment method exhibits improved surface smoothness and glossiness, as well as high corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is presented for planarizing or polishing workpiece surfaces using an ion beam in the presence of a radio frequency generated plasma. A workpiece is placed in a holder within a vacuum chamber equipped with a radio frequency inductive plasma generator. The workpiece surface is exposed to a source of energetic ions, the chamber is filled with gas, and the gas is ionized with radio frequency energy to form inductive plasma that surrounds the workpiece. An ion beam mounted above the workpiece scans the workpiece surface with sufficient energy to remove micro irregularities from the workpiece surface.

Abstract: A titanium alloy sheet having a surface roughness satisfying the relationship Ra≦2 &mgr;m in all directions and a surface waviness satisfying the relationship WCA≦10 &mgr;m shows excellent workability because of the small anisotropy with respect to mechanical properties such as bending properties, and also excellent appearance after it is formed into a component. Such surface conditions of titanium alloy sheet can be obtained by acid pickling or grinding and acid pickling after rolling. Pack rolling, especially in which a titanium alloy slab is packed with carbon steels in vacuum by electron beam welding method and then rolled, is preferable. Application of cross rolling to the rolling makes it possible to obtain smaller anisotropy with respect to mechanical properties.

Abstract: A method for treating the surface of a golf club part having a non-smooth surface such as a part which has been cast. Preferably, in those instances where the part is cast, the part is abraded for example by tumbling or by directing a light sandblast against the part to create a low reflectivity surface. Such abrading roughens the golf club part so that greater contrast can be obtained using radiated beam treatment. Surface roughening can also be created by acid etch or other suitable method. The club part is mounted in a beam treatment station to permit projecting a radiated beam on selected areas of the part's surface resulting in the momentary and superficial melting or fusing of the surface which makes such areas less rough and more light reflective than adjacent surface areas. Patterns are formed by causing relative movement between the part and a high energy heat source such as a radiated beam. Preferably the heat source or beam is held fixed and the part mounted on a movable table.