Abstract: Two coaxially aligned workpieces of ferromagnetic material, axially separated by a narrow peripheral gap across which a weld seam is to be formed with the aid of an arc moving along that gap, are engaged by holders including at least one set of two or more ferromagnetic gripper jaws whose confronting faces are magnetized with like polarity by respective excitation windings surrounding extensions of these jaws. The resulting magnetic field extends axially within the workpiece held by the gripper jaws in a loop which passes generally radially through the peripheral gap, either on account of a bucking magnetic field (which may be generated by a similar set of jaws gripping the other workpiece) or by virtue of pole shoes of the opposite polarity juxtaposed with the jaw extensions and approaching the gap.

Abstract: A four-electrode submerged arc welding process employs connections of four electrodes aligned in one row for alternating current source so that electromagnetic force Fx.sub.4 in a direction opposite to a welding direction acting upon a middle point of the arc from the rearmost electrode is within -25.ltorsim.Fx.sub.4 .ltorsim.-10 (N/m). The connections are preferably selected such that phase differences among currents applied to the three electrodes other than the frontmost or rearmost electrode are 120.degree., respectively, and a phase difference of the remaining frontmost or rearmost electrode is within 0.degree..+-.30.degree. relative to the furthermost electrode.With such connections of the four electrodes, the four-electrode submerged arc welding process remarkably prevents welding defects such as undercuts even at higher welding speeds.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for high temperature treatment of rectilinear-generatrix surfaces of nonconductive products. The apparatus comprises an anode arranged opposite to a cathode to provide an arc gap therebetween for striking an arc discharge. The apparatus is further provided with a product feeding device to move the product a desired distance from the axis of the arc. The cathode is held securely in place, while the anode is positioned, integrally with the fixed cathode, to maintain a fixed position of the arc axis within the arc gap exceeding the length of the generatrix of the surface being treated. The feeding device is designed so as to provide the movement of the products in a plane extending normally to the axis of the arc when the generatrix of the surface being treated is parallel to the axis of the arc.

Abstract: An electrical arc welding device for two workpieces to be welded together along an annular weld seam, e.g. ends of pipe sections, and in which a magnet arrangement surrounds the welding-seam path. According to the invention, a magnetizable ring is formed by the inwardly extending poles of a plurality of magnets having flat cores and surrounded by coils for electromagnetically energizing the cores.

Abstract: Electrical discharge machining with a tool electrode juxtaposed with a workpiece electrode to form a machining gap therebetween in the presence of a machining liquid and wherein a succession of electrical pulses are applied between the tool and workpiece electrodes to produce successive electrical discharges across the machining gap, thereby electroerosively removing material from the workpiece. As material removal proceeds the tool and workpiece electrodes are advanced relatively towards one another in a predetermined feed direction to form a cavity in the workpiece electrode. A magnetic field is applied to the machining gap over a preselected localized area of juxtaposition between the tool and workpiece electrodes; the field is displaced progressively over the entire region of juxtaposition.

Abstract: In a TIG welding process with controlled welding current pulses, DC current pulses with the frequency set at from tens to hundreds Hz (most preferably from 30 to 300 Hz) are fed to an electrode and current pulses are also fed to a filler wire so that an arc is caused to swing, whereby a large pool of molten metal can be maintained in a positive and stable manner due to the high arc pressure obtained when the welding current pulses at from tens to hundreds Hz is used.

Abstract: Apparatus for treating a flow of material by an electric arc generates free radicals and/or atoms, and charged species, in ground or excited states. A cathode (13) and an anode (14) are arranged for striking an arc across a preferably annular gap and provide a pathway for flow of material through the gap between the cathode and anode. Each electrode has a region providing a continuous closed path for the anode spot or cathode root respectively to travel around, and means, preferably magnetic means (19), for producing movement of the arc cause the anode spot and cathode root to travel around their paths in the same sense and in substantially the same time. Preferably the paths are circular paths in parallel planes on the anode and cathode respectively, and the length of the arc remains substantially constant during travel of the anode spot and cathode root around the paths. Preferably the cathode (13) comprises a rod having a plane end face with a circumferential edge for striking the arc.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing "arc blow" in multi-electrode welding of a metallic workpiece. Arc blow is produced by interaction between the magnetic fields produced by the closely spaced arcs and electrodes, and takes the form of the end arcs being attracted inwardly towards the others. This reduces the welding efficiency and the maximum welding speed. The invention reduces or eliminates the arc blow by providing shunts made of magnetically permeable material close to the arc-producing ends of the electrodes at the two ends of the row of electrodes. This reduces the concentration of magnetic flux in these regions and reduces the deviation of the end arcs. The invention can be applied wherever multi-electrode welding is used, but is especially useful when the workpiece is made of aluminum as arc blow is a particular problem with this metal.

Abstract: A method of longitudinally seam-welding steel pipes comprises the steps of providing a conductive net-like enclosure tube around a cable for supplying a direct electric current from the power source to the welding head; and conducting a direct electric current through the enclosure tube and through the steel pipe in a direction opposite to that in which the direct current runs through the cable. Apparatus for longitudinally seam-welding steel pipes comprises an electrical cable coupled to a welding head, a net tube surrounding the cable, and a device for supplying a direct electric current to the cable in a first direction and to the net enclosure tube and steel pipe in the opposite direction. The direct currents flowing in the enclosure tube and in the steel pipe is adjustably controlled to minimize the magnitude of a magnetic field created around the net enclosure tube and producing a welded steel pipe seam.

Abstract: A welding method for welding a base metal with a welding wire of specified alloy composition using a TIG welding process, automatically controlling an arc length between a nonconsumable electrode and the base metal, deflecting the arc forward in the welding advance direction by the influence of magnetic fields resulting from DC current flow through the welding wire to prevent arc blow, weaving the arc forward in the welding advance direction by pulsating the current flowing through the weld wire, and heat treating a final weld layer with the nonconsumable electrode.

Abstract: The process and apparatus according to the present invention includes positioning the tab portion(s) of a particular electrode grid and the connector portion of a terminal connector in working proximity to an arc welding apparatus, activating the torch and varying a magnetic field around the torch "flame" to alter the angular orientation of the "flame" relative to the torch tip for moving the "flame" in a generally elliptical pattern. As preferably embodied, a variable electromagnetic field is generated around the torch "flame" by at least four electromagnet probes positioned in oppositely disposed pairs around the torch which is a plasma arc welding apparatus. According to another aspect of the invention, the cell core is positioned adjacent the torch by moving the cell core towards the torch in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the torch "flame".

Abstract: A pair of workpieces are welded together by passing between them an arc which is guided by a magnetic field to rotate on the workpieces. Immediately after striking of the arc the field strength of the magnetic field is relatively great and a relatively great current is similarly passed through the arc. During a subsequent main phase, before fusing of the surfaces to be welded, the field strength and the current of the arc are reduced to a fraction of their values for even heating of the surfaces to be welded together. Finally during a terminal phase the current of the arc and the field strength are again raised to a higher level to completely fuse the two surfaces which can then be welded together once the arc is interrupted.

Abstract: Surfacing is conducted with horizontal electro-slag welding by using a strip electrode, and by applying a magnetic field, having component perpendicular to a base metal, to a molten metal and slag pool to control the flow of the molten pool.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for clearing burrs from products fabricated from metal stock. The burr of a product is used as one electrode, and another electrode is formed by extending an electrode material along, and apart from, the burr. A voltage is applied across the electrode to generate an arc between them. In the meanwhile, a magnetic field having a magnetic flux flow crossing the arc is formed to drive the arc along the burr by an electromagnetic force whereby the burr is melted and removed from the product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for surface fusion treatment of artificial stone products. The device comprises anode and cathode assemblies of a plasma generator forming an arc discharge along the plane of the surface to be treated, the anode and cathode assemblies being mounted separately. In the device, the anode and the cathode are made as round rods disposed to each other and rotating about their axes in opposite directions as viewed from the working zone. Arranged between the anode and the cathode is a screen having a gas-permeable bottom to feed a plasma gas therethrough to the working zone, thereby forcing the arc discharge against the surface being treated. The screen is mounted at right angles to the axes of the anode and the cathode and is movable along the axes by a reciprocating-motion drive, the arc discharge moving together with the screen.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the welding and heat treating of metal parts in which an electric arc extends between a pair of adjacent metal parts or between an electrode and one or more metal parts with the arc traversing the metal part or parts a plurality of times during the heating cycle. For finite length metal parts, i.e. when the surface or surfaces to be heated do not provide closed paths to be followed by the arc, the arc is initiated, caused to follow the surface, extinguished and then reinitiated, or is caused to traverse the surfaces in alternately opposite directions after initiation. With finite length metal parts, run-off tabs are provided at the ends of the surfaces to prevent overheating at such ends. A magnetic field causes the arc to traverse the surfaces and may be modified in strength or distribution to vary traverse rate.

Abstract: In arc butt welding the arc is moved between the faces of the parts to be joined by a magnetic field. In order to insure the arc travels over the whole of the faces to be welded the parts are moved generally parallel to the faces so that the overlapping area of the faces changes during the arc heating.

Abstract: A device for welding two metallic hollow bodies together in end-to-end connection by means of an electric arc moved by the effect of an external magnetic field along the welding joint, comprises, clamping means engaged with the bodies to clamp them in end-to-end relationship with the respective ends to be joined disposed closely adjacent. In addition, a magnetic coil is disposed within at least one of the bodies or it is advantageously located with a pole piece disposed in the gap between the two bodies and overlapping each of the bodies so as to produce a magnetic field in the vicinity of the ends to be joined. The pole shoe of the magnet advantageously comprises a pole piece which is conformable to the dimensions of the shape of the welded joint.

Abstract: In the body of a plasma arc torch head coolant inlet ducts extend normally to the portions of the nozzle surface subject to maximum heating. The rate of cooling and a permissible power of the plasma arc torch are markedly increased by directing the flow of incoming coolant directly against the surface being cooled. Where the nozzle lateral surface is exposed to the effect of a plasma-forming arc, the coolant inlet ducts are arranged so as to open radially into said lateral surfaces. If electromagnetic coils are provided to allow control over the plasma jet, a coolant is supplied to effect intensive cooling of the nozzle end face.

Abstract: In longitudinally seam-welding a pipe-blank for welded steel pipe from the inside along a groove by the GMA welding process which comprises using direct electric current supplied to a plurality of consumable electrodes in tandem through at least one cable as the welding current, at least two even-numbered consumable electrodes are used, half of said consumable electrodes being connected to said direct current so as to be positive in polarity and the remaining half of said consumable electrodes being connected to said direct current so as to be negative in polarity, to enable lines of magnetic force produced by said direct electric current for welding flowing through said at least one cable introduced into said pipe-blank to cancel each other, thereby preventing magnetization of said pipe-blank and the resulting magnetic arc blow of the welding arc.

Abstract: A nonconsumable electrode comprises a hollow cylindrical body, a hollow detachable tip made in the form of a body of revolution coaxial with the hollow cylindrical body, a solenoid for generating a magnetic field, and a partition. The tip is secured to one of the ends of the body and has lateral cylindrical non-arcing portion and a convex arcing end portion. The lower end of the solenoid is disposed in the tip cavity defined by the cylindrical non-arcing portion of the tip. The partition is coaxially mounted in the cavity of the body and of the tip so that between said partition and the walls of the body and of the tip there is formed a passageway for the flow of a coolant.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for charged particle beam welding is provided with a beam deflection mechanism adjacent the surface of the workpiece. The beam deflection mechanism permits the use of a welding shoe for retaining a pool of molten material adjacent the point of welding.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the welding and heat treating of metal parts in which an electric arc extends between a pair of adjacent metal parts or between an electrode and one or more metal parts with the arc traversing the metal part or parts a plurality of times during the heating cycle. For finite length metal parts, i.e. when the surface or surfaces to be heated do not provide closed paths to be followed by the arc, the arc is initiated, caused to follow the surface, extinguished and then reinitiated, or is caused to traverse the surfaces in alternately opposite directions after initiation. With finite length metal parts, run-off tabs are provided at the ends of the surfaces to prevent overheating at such ends. A magnetic field causes the arc to traverse the surfaces and may be modified in strength or distribution to vary traverse rate.

Abstract: Arc heater apparatus using total alternating current characterized by a pair of axially spaced cylindrical electrodes forming a narrow gap therebetween and connected to a first alternating current power source to produce an arc in the gap, each electrode having magnetic coil means for producing a rotating magnetic field at the arcing surface of the electrodes to rotate the arc, and the magnetic coil means being connected to a second alternating current power source which has an arc current zero aligned with that of the first alternating current power source.

Abstract: An elongate light conductor of circular or other cross-section is continuously produced by depositing, in a vacuum chamber, a powdered glassy (i.e. vitreous or vitrifiable) material upon the upper end of a descending rod of like material while training a stream of doping ions upon the same end. Vitrification may be assisted by an electron beam, also trained upon the powder-receiving rod end, and/or by thermal treatment of the rod leaving the vacuum chamber. The lower end of the rod is softened in a furnace from which a vitreous strand of reduced cross-section is continuously drawn through an orifice and wound upon a mandrel.

Abstract: A portable device for coupling optical fibers consisting of an insulative block so designed as to allow a number of optical fibers to come together, a piezoelectric generating means secured to the block and connected to the piezoelectric generator so that optical fibers will be brought together at a point between the electrodes. Electricity generated causes an arc across the electrodes which generates sufficient heat to join the optical fibers.

Abstract: The trajectory and speed of a turning electric arc in a device for cutting, eroding, welding or depositing material are controlled by varying the voltage and frequency of a polyphase current supplied to pole pieces disposed about the arc. The arc may be formed into a practically continuous bell-shaped or cylindrical sheet, thereby increasing the arc power.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a welding process and apparatus. More particularly, the invention relates to a welding process and apparatus for performing welding in various positions characterized in that a shifting magnetic field is generated in the vicinity of a molten metal pool to induce an eddy current in the molten metal pool, whereby an electromagnetic driving force is caused to act on the molten metal pool to control the shape of the molten metal pool, and welding is carried out while controlling the shape of the molten metal pool in this manner. According to the welding process and apparatus of the present invention, the welding efficiency can be enhanced irrespective of any welding positions.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for controlling a parameter of an arc welding machine, such as the height and/or the lateral position of the welding tool. The apparatus includes a parallel circuit having first and second branches connected to a source of voltage, wherein the first branch includes the arc welding machine to be controlled, and wherein the second branch includes an electrical analog of the current-voltage characteristics of the welding machine when operating as desired. A differential amplifier is provided for comparing the current in the first and second branches and providing a parameter-indicative signal representing the current difference between the first and second branches. In addition, a control circuit is responsive to the parameter-indicative signal and is provided for adjusting various parameters of the welding machine, including the height of the welding tool and/or the lateral position of the welding tool.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for strip cladding into a corner while magnetically agitating the weld deposit. The clad strip is angled away from the corner in the plane of the electrode strip, and means are provided for using the corner-forming obstruction as a pole piece for the electromagnet. The welding head can thereby be positioned to clad into the corner without interference from an obstructing pole piece or from the welding head itself.

Abstract: In longitudinally seam-welding a pipe-blank for welded steel pipe from the inside along a groove by the metal arc welding process which comprises using direct electric current supplied to a plurality of consumable electrodes in tandem through at least one current supply cable as the welding current, an even number of consumable electrodes are used; half of said even-numbered consumable electrodes are connected in the reverse-polarity manner, i.e., to be positive in polarity, and are used as leading electrodes, and the remaining half are connected in the straight-polarity manner, i.e.

Abstract: A method of plasma multiarc welding by permanently burning direct-current arcs of different polarities makes use of a plasma forming gas and shielding mediums and the arcs are located so that the adjacent arcs have opposite polarities, consisting, according to the invention, in that all arcs are started between nonconsumable electrodes and a workpiece or some arcs are started between nonconsumable electrodes and a workpiece and other arcs are started between consumable electrodes and a workpiece, the currents of all arcs and the distance between the arcs being set so that the ratio of the product of the currents of two adjacent arcs to the distance therebetween is equal or more than 6.10.sup.3 A.sup.2 /cm.

Abstract: In longitudinally seam-welding a pipe-blank for welded steel pipe from the inside along a groove by the reverse-polarity GMA welding process comprising using direct electric current supplied to a consumable electrode through a cable as the welding current with said consumable electrode as the anode, the direction of said direct electric current for welding flowing through said cable introduced into said pipe-blank is set in the same direction as that of welding, thereby preventing occurrence of a magnetic arc blow of the welding arc from said consumable electrode toward the upstream side of the welding direction, i.e., in the opposite direction to that of welding.

Abstract: After longitudinally seam-welding a pipe-blank for welded steel pipe from the inside along a groove by the arc welding process which comprises using direct electric current supplied to a consumable electrode through a cable as the welding current, the polarity of said consumable electrode applied for said longitudinal seam-welding is switched over to the opposite polarity, an arc from said consumable electrode is ignited again on a tab plate attached to the end of said pipe-blank on the completion side of said longitudinal seam-welding to cause a direct electric current for eliminating magnetism to flow through said cable in the opposite direction to that of said direct electric current for welding, thereby eliminating residual magnetism in said pipe-blank produced by said direct electric current for welding flowing through said cable introduced into said pipe-blank during said longitudinal seam-welding.

Abstract: The plasma torch of this disclosure provides a shielded plasma arc using an external powder feed and an inert gas shield. The torch of this disclosure has a smaller outside diameter than prior art torches and allows better orientation of the torch with respect to a substrate to be hard faced. A method of hard surfacing an article, preferably using the torch of this invention, is also disclosed. The rotation of the article, a valve body, is controlled during hard facing to prevent deflects.

Abstract: A high efficiency arc welding process and apparatus wherein an arc is generated between an electrode and plates to be welded, the welding electrode is oscillated, and the direction of the arc is oscillated by a magnetic force in synchronism with the oscillation of the welding electrode so that the arc is directed to the groove face of each plate to be welded.

Abstract: A heat treating apparatus including a crucible to contain molten metal, at least one plasma ejecting nozzle which is constructed so as to generate a plasma jet and is secured with respect to the crucible around the central axis of it and a magnetic field generating means to generate a magnetic field interacting with the plasma jet and deflecting it.

Abstract: A welding method for joining lead parts together in a lead-based battery is disclosed using an inert gas-shielded, non-consumable electrode and an ingot-like mold surrounding the lead parts to be fused. The electrode arc is struck substantially directly over the lead parts and the electrode arc is passed in a line type weld longitudinally over the lead part for more than one full pass, whereby the lead parts flow together and are confined by the surrounding mold.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for the submerged arc surfacing of metallic work pieces with metal electrode strips melting in an electric arc while forming welding beads upon the work piece. The apparatus comprises a work piece which is to be surfaced, an electrode strip comprising the cladding material, means operative to move the strip and work piece relative to one another, a DC source, the opposite poles of which are connected to the electrode strip and the work piece, an electro-magnetic means having poles of opposite polarity operatively positioned at opposite sides of the electrode strip and adjacent the pool of molten flux and molten metal lying behind the electrode strip. The current to the electro-magnetic means is pulsed to thereby cause an agitation of the molten slag and weld deposit thereby resulting in a weld bead of extremely high quality, uniform thickness and also a defect-free tie-in between adjacent weld beads.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for feeding welding flux to both the leading and trailing sides of the strip electrode used in a submerged arc strip cladding process. In order to prevent distortion of the bead shape the pressure due to the weight of the flux burden is controlled to be less in the region of the molten metal and slag pools lying directly behind the welding arc. The flux burden is caused to increase from a first depth directly behind the strip to a maximum depth at the trailing edge of the weld crater region where the quantity of liquid metal and liquid slag is a minimum.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is described for coating or hard facing the working surface of a poppet valve, in which a uniformly distributed coating is obtained without dilution of the deposited metal, and without requiring preheating of the valve or its working surface. A non-consumable electrode and a consumable electrode or rod are held in position above the working surface of the valve, and an arc is struck between the tungsten electrode and the end of the rod, while avoiding contact of the arc with the working surface. As the rod is consumed by the arc, the valve is rotated about its axis and the drops of molten metal are uniformly distributed on the working surface, by the use of a magnetic field for controlling such distribution.A heat sink is used to dissipate any build up of heat in the area of the deposit.

Abstract: An arc welding machine having a strap sliding to advance with advance of the welding position, wherein an electric conductor is disposed on the strap at a position not facing a welding groove with the electric conductor being insulated from the strap, and electric current being applied to the electric conductor while it is being cooled by water, to thereby control the arc direction.

Abstract: A heating device which produces a plasma flame of elongated cross-section comprises a plasma torch and means for generating a magnetic field. The nozzle of the torch has an elongated exit aperture, across which the magnetic field is directed, and the torch incorporates at least one internal electrode arranged so that when an arc is struck between it and the nozzle the arc root at the nozzle will move along the aperture under the influence of the magnetic field.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for permanently splicing glass optical fibers. The fibers are aligned colinearly, and their ends are brought into contact. Electric and magnetic fields are generated in the vicinity of the fiber end portions. The electric field creates an arc which moves along the fiber junction under the influence of the magnetic field, thereby ensuring complete fusing of the fiber endfaces.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel arc welding process of the type in which an electrode is placed in a weld groove with an insulating material interposed between the electrode and the inner surfaces of said groove. The process utilizes the principle by which an arc produced tends to be directed toward a region having the least or thinnest density of magnetic flux. Accordingly, this permits the welding arc produced to be directed toward the desired portion in the weld groove, thereby giving greater penetration thereat. For such purposes, various embodiments are presented, such as placing a subsidiary backing member of a ferromagnetic substance above or beneath the weld groove, causing electric current to flow through the backing member independently of the welding current, or providing two backing members in the same manner described through which, for instance, alternating currents having a phase difference of 180.degree.

Abstract: An anode assembly of an MHD generator has an opening in communication with the generator's main plasma stream. An inert gas is passed between the anode assembly's emitter and a positively biased collector which is in circuit with a load and a cathode emitter on the other side of the main plasma stream.A supplemental magnetic field rotates an arc about a collector nozzle in an insulated wall, while a magnetic-field shield protects the assembly from the MHD generator's main flux.The system is operated by ionizing a gas that is passed between the anode's emitter and its positively biased collector to form a plasma jet which is used as an electrode to conduct current across the main plasma stream between the cathode and the collector of the anode assembly.

Abstract: Apparatus for welding parts, such as pipes, end to end by means of an electric arc which is caused to rotate along the adjacent edges of the pipes. Two separate magnetic fields are used to cause the arc to follow a spiral path along the edges so that pipes having a wall thickness greater than one quarter of an inch may be welded.