Abstract: Apparatus for controlling a welding station used for welding seams extending along cylindrical can bodies, the welding station comprising a pair of welding rolls and a calibration unit for causing a desired cylinder overlap during welding. The calibration unit is adjustable along at least three different adjustment axes. The apparatus comprises: a weld monitor configured to monitor welded seams and provide an electrical signal indicative of weld thickness at a series of predetermined points along the seam length; a controller configured to receive said signal and to generate one or more control signals; and adjustment mechanisms for coupling to the calibration unit, or forming part of the calibration unit. The adjustment mechanisms are configured to receive the signal(s) and to be responsive thereto to adjust the calibration unit relative to one or more of said three adjustment axes, to provide the desired cylinder overlap and/or a desired weld quality.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing method uses an additive manufacturing device performing additive machining by controlling a machining head including a nozzle to supply columnar build material to a machining region on a target surface and a beam nozzle to irradiate the machining region with beam melting the build material, the nozzle and the beam nozzle being provided non-coaxially. When additive machining is performed in a state where the machining head is located with central axes of the beam and the build material being positioned on a single vertical plane, the machining path is divided into divided machining paths such that the machining head is moved in one direction along a direction of the build-material central axis when motion of the machining head is projected onto a plane perpendicular to an irradiation direction of the beam, and the machining head is moved along each divided machining path to perform additive machining.

Abstract: An insulating device for a bearing mountable within a housing, the bearing having an inner ring and an outer ring with an outer circumferential surface and opposing axial ends and a plurality of rolling elements disposed there between. The insulating device comprises: a first annular part, which is adapted to be in contact to the outer circumferential surface of the outer ring, and a second annular part, which is also adapted to be in contact to the outer circumferential surface of the outer ring. The first and second part form the insulation device which is adapted to contact, in an assembled state of the bearing in the housing, both the outer ring and the housing. The first part is thermally conductive and electrically insulating and the second part is electrically insulating and less thermally conductive than the first part or is not thermally conductive.

Abstract: Object of the present invention is to provide a welding method prevented the fracture at the spot welding zone by recovering the strength of a spot welding zone, namely, the ductility and the toughness in the spot welding zone, and a weld structure manufactured by the method. In the welding method, a spot welding zone provided with a weld nugget 13a is formed by conducting spot welding on the heat treated steel sheets in a stack; the spot welding zone is tempering treated by the high-frequency electrical current application to make the weld nugget have a hardness of 150% or less of the hardness of the heat treated steel sheets, and the heat affected zone surrounding the weld nugget is made to have a hardness of 30% to 90% of the hardness at the weld nugget before the tempering treatment by the high-frequency electrical current application.

Abstract: A method of standardizing a grinder burn etch test may include machining a test sample of substantially equivalent chemical composition and heat treatment to a manufactured part to be audited for grinder burn and receiving data on an expected range of thermal damage that may be caused on the manufactured part during grinding by grinder burn. The method may also include preparing the test sample by laser heat treating at least a portion of the test sample to create a range of thermal damage across predetermined areas on the test sample, wherein the range of thermal damage on the test sample encompasses the expected range of thermal damage that may be caused on the manufactured part during grinding by grinder burn. The method may still further include testing a grinder burn etch bath with the test sample to determine whether the etch bath can detect thermal damage across at least a threshold percentage of the expected range of thermal damage that may be caused on the manufactured part.

Abstract: A welding fixture comprises a suction assembly, a drive assembly, and a positioning assembly. The suction assembly comprises a fixing member and a suction member slidably coupled to the fixing member. The drive assembly couples the fixing member to the suction member. The suction assembly comprises a positioning member slidably coupled to the fixing member, a flange protruding from the positioning member, and an elastic member sleeved on the positioning member. The elastic member is configured to bias the flange away from a side of the fixing member. The drive assembly can move the suction member and thereby moving the workpiece towards the positioning member, so that the weldment makes contact with the workpiece via the positioning member.

Abstract: A cylindrical shell for a tank of a railway tank car is made using roll-forming technology and straight longitudinal weld seams. The cylindrical shell has a longitudinal axis and a uniform cross-sectional shape in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis. The cylindrical shell includes a plurality of elongated segments welded together along weld seams extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical shell. Each elongated segment forms a portion of the cross-sectional shape of the shell and is formed by passing a flat piece of metal plate stock material through a roll-forming machine configured to progressively bend the piece of stock material. In one embodiment, exactly three identical elongated segments, each defining an arc of 120 degrees, are welded together along adjacent longitudinal edges to form a cylindrical shell having a circular cross-section.

Abstract: In a welding apparatus for the longitudinal seam welding of can bodies (31?) by way of electrode rollers (8, 17), three drive stages (4, 10, 20), by means of which the wire electrode (25) is driven in addition to the drive by the electrode rollers (8, 17), are provided in the wire course. Preferably, elastic stretching is brought about in this case by the three drive stages (4, 10, 20).

Abstract: Devices and methods are contemplated in which a first electrode is circumferentially movable about a second electrode such that a tubular work piece can be resistance welded to a second work piece. Most preferably, the first electrode is a wheel-shaped electrode, while the second electrode is static and disk-shaped.

Abstract: In the field of manufacturing container bodies by means of resistance seam welding machines, at least a disturbance variable is collected, particularly errors in cutting the metal sheet. Because of this collection of disturbance variables, at least a control variable is automatically changed in order to compensate or to diminish the influence of the disturbance variable on the welding seam quality.

Abstract: In the field of manufacturing container bodies by means of resistance seam welding machines, at least a disturbance variable is collected, particularly errors in cutting the metal sheet. Because of this collection of disturbance variables, at least a control variable is automatically changed in order to compensate or to diminish the influence of the disturbance variable on the welding seam quality.

Abstract: A seam welding apparatus and a seam welding method perform a seaming process on workpieces of various shapes having flange sections, by preventing a welding track formed by upper and lower rotary electrodes from becoming displaced from a welding reference line established on the flange section. The seam welding apparatus includes two rotary electrodes for gripping the flange section therebetween while seam-welding the flange section, a support for synchronizing movements of the two rotary electrodes with each other in a widthwise direction of the flange section, a turning mechanism for pressing at least one of the two rotary electrodes toward the workpiece body, a roller that abuts against an end face of the flange section, and roller adjusting means for positionally adjusting the roller.

Abstract: A laser-clad processing apparatus of the present invention is one which is for carrying out laser-clad processing onto a valve-seat portion of a cylinder head, and is characterized in that it comprises cylinder-head holding means (1) for holding a cylinder head (H) in an inclining manner so that the central axial line of a valve seat becomes the vertical direction, a laser-processing head (2) for irradiating a laser beam onto a process part of the valve seat and at the same time discharging a powdery material to this process part, rotary means (3) which rotates around the central axial line of the valve seat in such a state that the laser-processing head is inclined with respect to the vertical direction, and powdery-material supply means (4) for supplying the powdery material to the laser-processing head.

Abstract: Where can bodies of sheet metal are welded between the welding rollers of a welding machine, the welding current is not applied to the welding rollers until the body is between the welding electrode rollers. In this way, the quality of the weld at the initial weld point is improved, and where intermediate wire electrodes are used, wire breaks are reliably prevented.

Abstract: A powder feed nozzle for laser welding applications including a multiple outlet nozzle tip for focusing a discharged powder stream. The multiple outlet nozzle tip disperses multiple outlet streams and includes a powder discharge outlet and at least one focus gas discharge outlet, radially spaced from the powder discharge outlet, for dispersing a powder stream and a gas stream. Powder flows from a powder source through a powder channel to discharge a powder stream. Focus gas flows through a focus gas channel angled relative to the powder channel to discharge a focus gas stream.

Abstract: Where can bodies of sheet metal are welded between the welding rollers of a welding machine, the welding current is not applied to the welding rollers until the body is between the welding electrode rollers. In this way, the quality of the weld at the initial weld point is improved, and where intermediate wire electrodes are used, wire breaks are reliably prevented.

Abstract: Where can bodies of sheet metal are welded between the welding rollers of a welding machine, the welding current is not applied to the welding rollers until the body is between the welding electrode rollers. In this way, the quality of the weld at the initial weld point is improved, and where intermediate wire electrodes are used, wire breaks are reliably prevented.

Abstract: A process forms workpieces in a forming system with at least one forming station. The workpieces are transported from or to the at least one forming station. Outside the time period provided for the forming of a certain workpiece, a machining takes place in the forming system with a local energy feed on this workpiece.

Abstract: A welding material in positioned in electrically conductive relation between exterior surface portions of first and second weldable members, such as hydroformed tubes, at a location where the first and second weldable members are to be joined. A welding device comprises first and second electrodes or conductive ends that extend along substantially the entire extent of first sides of the first and second weldable members, respectively. The first and second conductive ends include first and second concave recesses, which nest with the first and second weldable members, respectively. Electrical current is applied across the first and second weldable members by the nesting first and second conductive ends such that the applied current melts the welding material and thereby welds the exterior surface portions to one another. The welding device can be mounted on a robotic mechanism, which can move the welding device between first and second welding positions.

Abstract: In a rolled seam welding machine which can be fed from the front for producing a lap seam, the welding roller which is disposed in front of the Z rail can be swung away in order to facilitate automatic feeding of the welding stock into the Z rail.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a scoring device for making transverse score lines on a roll of sheet material, a dimpler device or dimpler roller for making dimples adjacent the score lines at predetermined width locations, and a rollformer adapted to continuously form the sheet material into a tubular shape with channels. A welder is positioned in line with the rollformer and is adapted to weld the tubular shape into a permanent tube. A break off device positioned in line with the rollformer is adapted to break off sections of the tube at the score lines as the permanent tube exits the rollformer. The dimpler device is adapted to form an “in” dimple and an “out” dimple at locations coordinated with the score lines and with a width of the sheet material so that the “out” dimple forms a stop configured to slip into a channel formed in the sheet material by the rollformer but that abuts the “in” dimple which is formed at an end of the channel.

Abstract: Where can bodies of sheet metal are welded between the welding rollers of a welding machine, the welding current is not applied to the welding rollers until the body is between the welding electrode rollers. In this way, the quality of the weld at the initial weld point is improved, and where intermediate wire electrodes are used, wire breaks are reliably prevented.

Abstract: A container body is made from a composite sheet having a metal layer which has at least one side covered by a corrosion-resistant layer, such as a layer of thermoplastic. The sheet is moved under one or more high-pressure water jets which remove a strip of the corrosion-resistant layer in the path of the water stream, leaving an exposed area. The composite sheet may be segmented as necessary to form blanks suitable for forming individual container bodies. Each blank is formed generally into a tube or cylinder so that the corrosion-resistant layer faces interiorly, and so that the exposed areas are respectively located at overlapping ends of the blank. The overlapping, exposed areas are then welded along a seam, forming a seal.

Abstract: To weld a workpiece rounded from plane metal sheet on a seam welding machine, the workpiece is introduced into a preform (7) whose internal shape is approximately the same as the workpiece. Stops (11, 12, 14) are used to fix the workpiece in place in the preform, and the workpiece is then moved together with the preform (7) towards the welding rollers and welded. To this end the preform (7) is arranged on a platform (6) which in its turn is arranged on a movable carriage (3) in the welding machine (1). Welding with the preform makes it possible to weld together any desired sheet metal workpieces, including those which are not uniformly rounded because, for example, they are formed from blanks incorporating recesses.

Abstract: In a guide and calibrating tool for guiding container bodies for welding, at least one of the guide rollers is driven. The drive is pneumatic, by compressed air blown by a nozzle onto recesses in the roller. The roller is driven only initially upon restart of the welding machine or in the event of a break in the passage of a series of bodies, in order that no braking is caused by the arrival at the guide tool of the first (and possibly second) body. This enables the gaps between the bodies to be kept more constant even at the start of a series of bodies to be welded, and the first bodies to be welded do not suffer increased slip between the bodies and the welding electrodes.

Abstract: Resistance welds on overlapped sheets of metal, such as the welded side seam of 3 piece cans, are monitored by measuring the width of the extrusion (5, 6) formed by material flowing out from the edge of the overlapped sheets (1, 2) caused by the welding process. The width of the extrusion (5, 6) is interpreted in terms of the temperature of the weld, and the welding process can be adjusted accordingly. The measurement of the extrusion width can be done optically.

Abstract: A method for welding using an on/off switching control. The switching control forms a wave cycle with a plurality of peaks. Within a half wave cycle (1/2f) of welding current f, the wave form takes the shape of an inclined straight line A rising to a predetermined current value S1, a pause in the current which causes a straight line B to extend from upper end of line A, a voltage drop as shown by straight line C, which is shown as a straight line from B to a predetermined current drop, a drop pause as shown by straight line D and at least another current rise and current pause extending from straight line D, wherein all the welding periods are of the same time duration so that welding nuggets are evenly formed.

Abstract: In a roller seam welding machine, the upper welding roller is led through a welding-force adjustment device with two spring elements. One spring is already effective when the initial deflection of the welding roller occurs. The other spring comes into operation only when a certain deflection (D) is reached. A marked improvement in weld quality can be obtained in this way, particularly at the start of the weld seam.

Abstract: An apparatus/method for detecting contamination during welding is disclosed. In one embodiment, contamination is detected during the welding of overlapping metal portion used in the production of can bodies. The apparatus monitors the voltage supplied to a welding electrode during welding. When the voltage increases above a predetermined level, which may indicate the presence of contamination, the electrical energy is directed away from the welding roller before the rollers pass the area of contamination. The diverted electrical energy is directed to a short circuiting device, such as a parallel combination of silicon control rectifiers. As such, the electrical energy may be directed away from the welding rollers to prevent damage to the rollers.

Abstract: For welding sheet-metal blanks coated with electrically conductive material, the thickness of the coating is measured with a measurement device. The welding current source controls the welding current I as a function of the film thickness reading obtained, to keep the power input into the weld zone essentially constant.

Abstract: For butt welding or lap welding container bodies, each body is guided between an outer current-carrying electrode roller and an inner roller. According to the invention the inner roller is movably mounted and exerts an opposing pressure to the rigidly mounted outer roller. This results in improved weld quality.

Abstract: When welding a series of container bodies, the welding speed is at first increased to prevent the first body from colliding with the second body at the intake to the welding machine. The welding speed is then reduced to a rated welding speed V.sub.s at which minimum gaps are maintained between successive bodies.

Abstract: The lower welding wheel (2) of a resistance seam welding machine is vertically adjusted by providing retaining pieces (10) for the stator (8) of the electrode roller head, which are able to position the electrode wheel head in different vertical settings on the welding arm (1) of the machine. This makes it possible to eliminate the vertical adjustment for the guide piece (4), allowing welding to be carried out more accurately.

Abstract: In a seam welding process for overlapping sheets, in particular for welding can bodies, the welding force is momentarily reduced upon each insertion of a can body between the welding rollers. This keeps the welding pressure constant even at the start of a can body. In this way the power input to the sheet can be kept constant even at the start of a can body, and the weld quality even at the start of a can body satisfies requirements.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for resistance-welding produce a welding current which pulsates in periodic half-waves, in particular an alternating current. The, welding current is generated from a primary alternating voltage which is chopped n times (n>1) in each half-wave and pulse width modulated in order to regulate the welding current. A regulator is provided and has a storage device containing the current nominal values for each chopping interval, corresponding to the welding current form, for comparison with each actual current value determined in each chopping interval.

Abstract: The disclosed bearing mount includes a bearing with inner and outer raceways and rollers operating between the raceways, the raceways being fixedly held fast relative to separated structures and the rollers rotatably supporting them and the structures relative to one another. The rollers of the bearing are formed of electrically and magnetically nonconductive material, specifically comprised of silicon nitride material. This bearing mount is effective for operation within a pulsed high energy electrical circuit or within the magnetic fields generated thereby, as in an inner roller electrode or an hour glass roll used in an electric-resistance can welder, inasmush as it isolates the structures electrically from one another via the bearing mount independently of other insulator devices, while operating without magnetic roller polarization and increased roller collisions.

Abstract: The can body to be welded in a welding station is shaped by gradually bending flat metal sheets zone by zone along a linear conveying route until the can body has been shaped. This linear conveying route at the same time leads to the welding station. In this manner can bodies can be produced and welded at a fast rate.

Abstract: The seam welding machine with welding arrangement 10 has a lower part (1) and an upper (2). Load-bearing components are upper and lower longitudinal girders (20, 21) with a rigid connection (3, 4) between them. For clamping sheet blanks (7, 8) for welding, two clamping blocks are provided, each with upper and lower pressure beams (24, 25); at least the upper pressure beams (24) can be raised and lowered by means of jacks. For longitudinal transport of workpieces (7, 8) along the weld axis (Z), each beam has a feed unit (40, 41). Each feed unit comprises a longitudinal guide extending in the direction of the axis (Z), a slide, with clamping devices, guided on this longitudinal guide, and a reversible linear drive connected to the slide.

Abstract: The invention is related to an apparatus for re-using a copper wire having been used once for mash seam welding in a mash seam welder for mash seam welding a lap formed by overlapped opposite side edges of a metal sheet or like blank between upper and lower roller electrodes via copper wires. The apparatus is provided in a portion of or in relation to the mash seam welder for taking up the copper wire having been used once for welding and squeezed to have a substantially flat sectional profile as taken-up wire and feeding again the taken-up wire as rewound wire to the mash seam welder to be used again for welding between said upper and lower roller electrodes.

Abstract: A seam weld machine includes a voltage monitoring circuit (9) for determining weld quality. The voltage is sensed by two pick-ups. A first pick-up is in the form of a conductive rider (10), mounted to directly sense the voltage from a weld wire (4). The wire (8) from the second pick-up is short and is fed through a gap in the z-bar (6) of the machine to emerge close to the wire from the first pick-up, thus reducing electromagnetic interference and noise.

Abstract: A compact resistance seam welding machine wherein the upper electrode roller (14) is provided on a pivotally mounted arm (12) instead of on a pendulum roller head. The lower electrode roller (16), which is disposed below the upper electrode roller (14), is provided on a rigid lower arm (8) as usual. The pivotal mounting (10) of the arm (12) includes a stack of copper foils (102) on the side adjacent to the lower arm (8) and of a steel strip (101) on the side remote from the lower arm (8). The steel strip (101) and the copper foils (102) are each clamped, on the one side to the machine frame (4) and on the other side to the opposite end of the arm (12). The arm (12) is therefore pivotally mounted on the principle of a parallelogram linkage, while the pivotal mounting (10) serves for the transmission of welding current to the upper electrode roller (14) at the same time. The pivotal mounting ( 10) only permits the upper electrode roller (14) a vertical movement up and down.

Abstract: A Z rail for welding the longitudinal edges of can bodies has two supporting bodies, each with a longitudinal groove comprising two lateral surfaces which are at least roughly parallel to each other, and a base surface which is at least roughly perpendicular to the lateral surfaces. Each groove has an undercut profile with an enlargement, which separates one of the lateral surfaces from the base surface. An insert of hard material is interchangeably fastened in the enlargement. The insert extends at least to the plane of the opposite lateral surface and has an outer surface directed away from the base surface. These outer surfaces support the respective edges of edge margins of the sheet metal that is to form the can body. The lateral surfaces of the groove in each supporting body are designed for the direct guidance of lateral faces of the sheet-metal edge margin.

Abstract: A roller electrode combination for use in electric-resistance welders, the electrode having relatively rotatable components separated by very small gaps, and an electrically and thermally conductive liquid is contained by the components across the gaps; the conductive liquid being a gallium dominant composite eutectic mixture where its phase change from liquid to solid begins at possibly 5-8 degrees C. Special controls are provided for the coolant for the roller electrodes, including a sensor to determining its temperature and a heater to preclude its flow through the roller electrode at temperatures below where such phase change might take place. The roller electrodes may be formed of alloys of copper (Cu) and/or a sintered mixture of copper (Cu) and tungsten (W). A protective coating between 0.0025 and 0.025 millimeters thick may be plated on surfaces of the composite copper (Cu) and tungsten (W) roller electrode that come in contact with the conductive liquid.

Abstract: Disposed on a central machine portion (10) are two clamping devices (32,34), each for a respective body blank (P.sub.l,P.sub.r), and a welding device (20) for welding together overlapping margins of the blanks (P.sub.l,P.sub.r). Disposed one at each side of the central machine portion (10) are feed tables (80,82) on each of which a blank (P.sub.l R.sub.r) can be fed through one of the clamping devices (32,24), transversely to the proposed weld seam, into an overlapping position. A supporting device (50) is disposed between the two clamping devices (32,34) to support the margin to be welded of the blank (P.sub.l) fed in on one of the two feed tables (80). This supporting device can be moved out of a supporting position in which it supports the margin to be welded of the blank (P.sub.l) in question, into a position of rest in which it allows this margin to come to lie on the margin of the other blank (P.sub.r).

Abstract: An electric resistance seam welding method for a hard-to-weld steel sheet is disclosed which prevents the occurrence of flashes. The steel sheet has metal harder than tin and an intermetallic compound as coating layers, the sheet thickness of the steel sheet is 0.5 mm or less and portions of the sheet are overlapped for welding with an overlapping width in a range from 2.0 times to 2.3 times the sheet thickness.

Abstract: A conveying apparatus feeds can body blanks to a welding unit with the longitudinal edges of the can body blanks even, without being offset in the longitudinal direction. The apparatus includes a centrally disposed revolving device (5; 5'; 5") which serves as a transport unit for the can body blanks (1). Rockers (18) are connected by means of swivel axes (5b) to serve as pusher dogs. Each rocker (18) has two feed pins (18c, 18d) at its front end facing the direction of transport. In the pushing position, the feed pins simultaneously contact the rear edge of a can body blank (1) on either side of the longitudinal edges. Each of the rocker arms is provided with a control arm which extends past the swiveling axis and which has a control surface.

Abstract: Apparatus for resistance welding an elongate seam in a tubular article, comprises a first electrode wheel outside the article, a second electrode inside the article and a continuous electrode wire arranged to pass over the electrodes to provide surfaces of contact between the electrodes and seam material. The second electrode has a stationary block having a guide surface of like curvature to that of the outer electrode wheel so that the contact arcs of wire passing over the guide surface with the seam material is substantially equal to the contact area of wire passing over the external wheel. The use of this stationary inner electrode improves the weld of geometry and permits welding of can bodies of relatively smaller diameter without use of mercury contact bearings.

Abstract: Tin cans are pre-calibrated prior to entering between the electrode rollers of an automatic seam welder, by a device installed immediately upline of the final calibration and weld station; such a device comprises one or more sets of rollers, each set aligned transversely so as to describe an internal circumference encompassing the can, and at least one such set comprises cylindrical rollers occupying positions that are fixed radially in relation to the cans passing through.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a color display tube in which after the envelope is formed the shadow mask is displaced relative to the display window via movable positioning members provided in the envelope. After the color display tube is assembled a test pattern is displayed on the display screen and is optimized by means of positioning members 23, such that the shadow mask is accurately aligned relative to the display screen 6. The adjusted position is fixed by forming a number of welds, using a laser 33, between the connection means 12 and the support elements 10 in the display window 1.

Abstract: In order to produce can bodies having a noncircular cross-section, preferably a rectangular cross-section with rounded corners, flat planar blanks are initially deformed in a deforming station by a plurality of similar bending tools, each for producing one respective bend, whereby a respective different bend is made at the same time at the various blanks of the stepwise timed advancing blanks. The bending tool includes a shaping member held stationary at the inside and having a curved outer surface end, furthermore, a roller supported in a supporting body and which is subjected to the action of a spring pressing against the supporting body in order to bend the blank located between the shaping member and pressing roller upwardly during movement by a lifting rod pivotably mounted at the supporting body. This proceeds simultaneously in all bending tools provided for one respective bend by a movable part of the deforming apparatus operating as a press.