Abstract: Stopping electroslag strip cladding operations feeding multiple strips includes detecting, during a welding phase of an electroslag welding operation feeding a first strip and a second strip towards a molten slag pool formed on a work piece, initiation of a stop phase. Upon detection the feeding of the first strip towards the molten slag pool is stopped. Additionally, a feed direction of the feeding of the second strip is reversed to retract the second strip away from the molten slag pool.

Abstract: A welding system comprises a welding module and a moving module adapted to move the welding module to a predetermined welding position. The welding module includes a guiding device and a welding tool. The guiding device has a plurality of tubular guiding heads arranged in a row, ends of the plurality of tubular guiding heads are disposed close to joints of a plurality of cables so as to guide a plurality of welding wires to the joints of the plurality of cables. The welding tool has a plurality of tooth-shaped welding heads arranged in a row, ends of the plurality of tooth-shaped welding heads are disposed close to the joints of the plurality of cables and configured to simultaneously heat the plurality of welding wires guided to the joints of the plurality of cables, so as to simultaneously weld the joints of the plurality of cables onto a circuit board.

Abstract: A system and method of electric arc welding that includes a welding apparatus having an electric arc welder torch with sensors to determine the absolute position of the torch tip and the relative position of the torch tip to the weld joint during automatic welding. Combining absolute and relative positional data can be used to adjust the path of the robot during automated or robotic welding in response to variations in the weld joint.

Abstract: A low voltage system and method for servicing welding equipment including a service tool that may provide a low voltage power source to the welding equipment, enabling the welding equipment to be tested in a low voltage mode of operation. The service tool may also run various test sequences on the welding equipment operating in a low voltage mode of operation to troubleshoot and diagnose any issues with the circuitry of the welding equipment.

Abstract: Strip cladding heads having strip pressure limits and strip cladding systems with strip cladding heads having strip pressure limits are disclosed are disclosed. A disclosed example cladding head for a strip cladding system includes a first contact jaw comprising first and second contacts to deliver welding power to a cladding strip that is driven between the first and second contacts, a first contact pressure adjuster to set a first pressure applied by the first and second contacts to the cladding strip, and a first strip lock preventer to limit the first pressure applied by the first and second contacts to the cladding strip to less than a threshold pressure.

Abstract: Strip cladding heads having independent strip pressure adjustments and strip cladding systems with strip cladding heads having independent strip pressure adjustments are disclosed. A disclosed example cladding head for strip cladding system includes a first contact jaw, a second contact jaw, and a third contact jaw. The first contact jaw includes first and second contacts to deliver welding power to a cladding strip that is driven between the first and second contacts. The second contact jaw includes third and fourth contacts to deliver the welding power to the cladding strip that is driven between the third and fourth contacts.

Abstract: Provided is a ultrahigh strength steel for a welded structure having superior toughness in a weld heat-affected zone (HAZ) comprising: by wt %, carbon (C): 0.05% to 0.15%, silicon (Si): 0.1% to 0.6%, manganese (Mn): 1.5% to 3.0%, nickel (Ni): 0.1% to 0.5%, molybdenum (Mo): 0.1% to 0.5%, chromium (Cr): 0.1% to 1.0%, copper (Cu): 0.1% to 0.4%, titanium (Ti): 0.005% to 0.1%, niobium (Nb): 0.01% to 0.03%, boron (B): 0.0003% to 0.004%, aluminum (Al): 0.005% to 0.1%, nitrogen (N): 0.001% to 0.006%, phosphorus (P): 0.015% or less, sulfur (S): 0.015% or less, iron (Fe) as a residual component thereof, and inevitable impurities.

Abstract: Disclosed is a build-up welding material and a machinery part welded with a weld overlay metal. The build-up welding material contains C of 0.2 to 1.0 percent by mass, Si of 0.2 to 0.5 percent by mass, Mn of 0.5 to 2.0 percent by mass, Cr of 15 to 30 percent by mass, Mo of 0.2 to 6.0 percent by mass, and W of 0.1 to 1.5 percent by mass, with the remainder including Fe and inevitable impurities.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing system includes an electron beam gun with a multiple of independent wire feeders and a beam control system operable to control the electron beam gun and the multiple of independent wire feeders to maintain a multiple of melt pools to fabricate a three-dimensional workpiece.

Abstract: Disclosed is an automatic welding apparatus for an end plug of a nuclear fuel rod, which is used to perform resistance welding on a cladding tube and the end plug in a welding chamber. The automatic welding apparatus includes a welding chamber configured to perform resistance welding on an end plug and a cladding tube, a cladding tube transfer unit that has a cladding tube clamp fixedly clamping the cladding tube and a first servo motor for driving the cladding tube clamp in a horizontal direction and that horizontally transfers the cladding tube to the welding chamber, end plug welding electrodes gripping the end plug fed from an end plug feeder, an end plug transfer driver for driving the end plug welding electrodes toward the welding chamber in a forward/backward direction, and a position control module for controlling driving of the first servo motor and the end plug transfer driver.

Abstract: A water-cooled copper welding shoe adaptable to Electroslag or Electrogas welding applications reduces weld voltage, decreases the size of the weld nugget and, in turn, decreases the heat input from the welding application into the work pieces is disclosed. A water-cooled copper welding shoe embodiment adjusts in three dimensions to adequately contain the weld puddle and overcome miss-matched work piece surfaces.

Abstract: The invention described herein generally pertains to a welding device that deposits a material onto a workpiece, the welding device having with an electrode head and a contact assembly coupled thereto. The contact assembly can include a rectangular-shaped first contact bar and a rectangular-shaped second contact bar that can be affixed to one another with an assembly connective means in order to encase a plurality of electrodes therebetween. The second contact bar can include a set of grooves in which each groove can correspond to an electrode to provide guidance during a welding procedure.

Abstract: Weld metals and methods for welding ferritic steels are provided. The weld metals have high strength and high ductile tearing resistance and are suitable for use in strain based pipelines. The weld metals are comprised of between 0.03 and 0.08 wt % carbon, between 2.0 and 3.5 wt % nickel, not greater than about 2.0 wt % manganese, not greater than about 0.80 wt % molybdenum, not greater than about 0.70 wt % silicon, not greater than about 0.03 wt % aluminum, not greater than 0.02 wt % titanium, not greater than 0.04 wt % zirconium, between 100 and 225 ppm oxygen, not greater than about 100 ppm nitrogen, not greater than about 100 ppm sulfur, not greater than about 100 ppm phosphorus, and the balance essentially iron. The weld metals are applied using a power source with pulsed current waveform control with <5% CO2 and <2% oxygen in the shielding gas.

Abstract: The invention described herein generally pertains to a system and method related to adjusting at least one of an arc current for a welding operation, an arc voltage for a welding operation, a wire feed speed for a welding operation, or a height of a torch that performs the welding operation. In particular, a parameter can be updated based upon, for instance, a user input, and the arc current, arc voltage, wire feed speed, or the height of the torch can be calibrated to perform the welding operation. Specifically, while a parameter is being adjusted or transitioned to the setting received via user input, the height of the torch and/or at least one of the arc current level, the arc voltage, the wire feed speed is maintained until the setting is achieved for the parameter. Once the parameter is at the setting, a second arc current level, a second arc voltage, a second wire feed speed, or second height for the torch is implemented to perform the welding operation.

Abstract: The welder interface described above may increase synergy with the welding system for the user. The welder interface receives input parameters of a desired weld from a user and advises a weld process and weld variables for producing the desired weld. The welder interface may be integral with a component of the welding system, or a separate component that may be coupled with the welding system. The welder interface may utilize data from a look-up table, neural network, welding procedure system, or database to advise the weld process and weld variables. The user may utilize the welder interface to simulate the weld process and the effect of the weld variables on a simulated weld. The user may modify the input parameters prior to producing a weld, and the user may modify the weld variables after reviewing the results of the produced weld for subsequent welding applications.

Abstract: A welding head is provided. The welding head includes a bracket and a plurality of blocks coupled to the bracket. Each of the plurality of blocks has a contact tip. The contact tips are adapted to receive an electrode. Further, at least one of the plurality of blocks is capable of variable positioning relative to the bracket.

Abstract: A flux sheet (20A) and method of using the flux sheet to restore a surface (24) of a metal substrate (26). A laser beam (32) is directed onto the flux sheet to melt it and the surface, then allowed to cool and solidify to produce a restored surface. The flux sheet may be formulated to optically transmit at least 40% of electromagnetic energy from a laser onto the substrate surface. The flux sheet contains a flux composition that may include: a metal oxide, a metal silicate, or both; a metal fluoride; and a metal carbonate. The flux composition may limit the content of certain elements and compounds such as Fe, Li2O, Na2O and K2O. The flux composition may include constituents providing air shielding, contaminant scavenging, viscosity/fluidity enhancement, and optical transmission of laser energy through the flux sheet.

Abstract: For fillet welding, sufficient amounts of metal must be deposited in order to make welds with sufficient sizes. In conventional submerged arc welding (SAW), the heat input is proportional to the amount of metal melted and is thus determined by the required weld size. In order to reduce the needed heat input, Double-Electrode SAW (DE-SAW) method is used for fillet joints. To minimize the heat input required to produce the welds with required geometry and sizes, a gap is introduced between the panel and the tee forming a modified fillet joint design. The use of the gap improves the ability of DE-SAW to produce the required weld beads at reduced heat input and penetration capability. Major parameters including the gap, travel speed and heat input level have been selected/optimized/minimized to produce required fillet weld beads with a minimized heat input based on qualitative and quantitative analyses.

Abstract: Disclosed is a submerged arc welding method capable of an attempt to enhance toughness of a welded zone with low heat input and an attempt to decrease a weld reinforcement height by suppressing excessive melting of a wire, and capable of achieving a deep depth of penetration and a wide bead width. In the submerged arc welding method, a first electrode at the head in a welding direction has a wire diameter of 2.0 to 3.2 mm and a current density of 145 A/mm2 or more, second and subsequent electrodes are arranged behind the first electrode in a line, and a groove formed in a steel plate has a two-step groove shape satisfying ?B<?T where ?B is a groove angle of a bottom layer, and ?T is a groove angle of a surface layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to welding alloys and, more specifically, to welding consumables (e.g., welding wires and rods) for arc welding operations. In an embodiment, a welding consumable includes less than approximately 1 wt % manganese as well as one or more strengthening agents selected from the group: nickel, cobalt, copper, carbon, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, silicon, and boron. The welding consumable also includes one or more grain control agents selected from the group: niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, and boron, wherein the welding consumable includes less than approximately 0.6 wt % grain control agents. Additionally, the welding consumable has a carbon equivalence (CE) value that is less than approximately 0.23. The welding consumable is designed to provide a manganese fume generation rate that is less than approximately 0.01 grams per minute during a welding operation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for affixing a metal cladding to a metal base. The method includes: heating the metal cladding and a surface of the metal base with a heating device to create a molten metal pool having molten metal cladding layered upon molten metal base material in the metal base; stabilizing a temperature gradient of the molten metal pool with a laser beam directed into the molten metal pool; and cooling the molten metal pool to affix solidified cladding to the metal base.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for welding rotors for power generation having a plurality of rotor discs arranged along a rotor axis. The method includes providing forged and NDT tested rotor discs and machining the discs for weld seam preparation. The weld seam preparation has an inner narrow TIG welding gap and an adjoining outer SAW welding gap. The method further includes stapling the discs on top of each other; and checking the run-out of the stapled discs relative to each other and as a whole and, if necessary, adjusting the staple. In addition the method includes melting the root of the weld without weld filler using TIG welding; increasing the weld height by narrow gap TIG welding with parent metal weld filler to allow tilting of the rotor in horizontal position; tilting the rotor in horizontal position; finalizing the welding by filling the outer SAW welding gap using SAW welding; and checking the welds of the rotor by NDT using ultrasonic testing.

Abstract: A process for growing a substrate (24) as a melt pool (28) solidifies beneath a molten slag layer (30) An energy beam (36) is used to melt a powder (32) or a hollow feed wire (42) with a powdered alloy core (44) under the slag layer The slag layer is at least partially transparent (37) to the energy beam, and it may be partially optically absorbent or translucent to the energy beam to absorb enough energy to remain molten As with a conventional ESW process, the slag layer insulates the molten material and shields it from reaction with air A composition of the powder may be changed across a solidification axis (A) of the resulting component (60) to provide a functionally graded directionally solidified product.

Abstract: An electric arc welding wire having an outer cylindrical surface and an electrically conductive layer on the surface wherein the layer comprises an alloy of copper with the copper content being about 60% to about 90% by weight of said alloy. Furthermore, the layer can be made thin with a thickness of less than about 0.50 microns while using essentially pure copper.

Abstract: Steel is subjected to multiple-electrode submerged arc welding with three or more electrodes in which a direct-current power source is used to supply current to a first electrode, the welding by the first electrode is carried out at a current density of 250 A/mm2 or more, preferably with a wire diameter of 3.2 mm or less and a weld current of 1,000 A or more, the welding by the second electrode is carried out at a current density of 150 A/mm2 or more, preferably with a weld current of 600 A or more, one of the interelectrode spacings is 23 mm or more on a surface of the steel, and the remaining interelectrode spacings are 20 mm or less.

Abstract: Opposing, paired and positionally adjustable serrated water-cooled copper welding shoes, run-off tabs, and sumps affixed at the junction of workpieces to be welded with an Electroslag or Electrogas welding system. The serrated water-cooled copper welding shoes are capable of being controlled between 150 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit, and the welding flux plating over the serrations reduces over-chill to the molten weld puddle while also reducing the amount of heat that the serrated water-cooled shoe removes from the surface of the work piece. This reduction in base material heat allows the welding operator to reduce the weld voltage to dramatically decrease the size of the weld nugget and, in turn, to decrease the heat input from the welding process into the work piece. These significant thermo-dynamic improvements to the Electroslag or Electrogas welding process provide a smaller weld grain structure and much stronger bond in the weld fusion zone.

Abstract: A submerged arc welding system includes a robot having a first arm connected to a second arm, and at least one wire supply. A welding torch is connected to a first end of the second arm of the robot. A wire motor is mounted to a second end of the second arm of the robot. The wire motor moves wire from the wire supply along a wire path to the welding torch. The system further includes a flux supply and a flux delivery system configured to move flux from the flux supply along a flux path to the welding torch.

Abstract: A method for analyzing non-metallic inclusions in a weld metal. The method includes etching a weld bead or weld bead sample to at least partially expose a plurality of non-metal inclusions in the weld bead or weld bead sample, applying a conductive tape to and then removing the conductive tape from at least a portion of the etched weld bead or weld bead sample, and analyzing the non-metal inclusions on the conductive tape.

Abstract: A submerged arc welding apparatus of the present invention includes: a flux receiver for receiving and holding flux in an area formed by itself and a workpiece inside thereof when abutting against the workpiece on the open side; a flux feeder for supplying flux to the flux receiver; a welding torch for supplying a welding wire toward the workpiece with the tip disposed in the area where the flux is held; and a moving mechanism for moving the flux receiver and the welding torch along the direction of a welding line of the workpiece with the flux receiver abutting against the workpiece. A submerged arc welding method of the present invention includes: performing welding by opposing the welding torch to the workpiece and by moving the welding torch along the direction of the welding line with flux held in an area formed between the workpiece and the welding torch.

Abstract: A method for treating a metal article can comprise: fusion welding a cladding onto an article comprising a surface and a compressive case depth processing the cladding. An average compression case depth, as measured from the cladding outer surface, can be greater than the cladding thickness. Also included herein are articles made from this method.

Abstract: In a laser machining apparatus that performs machining by a laser beam (4) emitted from a laser oscillator (1), the laser machining apparatus herein provided includes an aperture (5) placed in a light path of the laser beam (4) emitted from the laser oscillator (1) so as to block a perimeter portion of the laser beam (4) and to transmit a middle portion thereof, and a beam-power measurement sensor (6) for measuring beam power of a laser beam (20) transmitted through the aperture (5), whereby it utilizes that beam power of the laser beam transmitted through the aperture (5) significantly changes (the more degraded, the more the beam power rises) due to a degradation condition of an output mirror (2) when the output mirror in the laser oscillator (1) becomes in high thermal loading condition due to the laser beam with high beam power, so that the degradation condition of the output mirror (2) is determined.

Abstract: A wire guiding liner, in particular welding wire liner, has a plurality of roll holders which are displaceable with respect to each other, each roll holder holding a plurality of rolls. The angular displaceability of a roll holder with respect to the adjacent roll holder is limited such that when the wire is fed through the liner, it always touches exclusively on the rolls even when the liner is bent to its maximum curve, such that the wire while being inserted always hits the next roll at an angle that will push it towards and maintain it guided at the center of the liner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for permanently interconnecting components from a heat-meltable metal material, using a robot-controlled welding unit for carrying out a hybrid welding process. According to the method, a high performance metal active gas welding process (high performance MAG) is carried out. A component (8) carrying out the high performance MAG welding process is carried along by the robot-controlled welding unit (2) to carry out the hybrid welding process, the GSMAW torch (3) which contributes to the hybrid welding process being guided so as to be dragged by the welding unit.

Abstract: An automatic welding method includes a preliminary step and a joining step. The preliminary step is configured to place a metal object having a multi-dimensional curved weld zone on a platform, and to clamp a welding torch with a welding torch clamping device. The joining step is configured to generate a relative movement between a tip of the welding torch and the multi-dimensional curved weld zone of the metal object, and to electrify the welding torch to weld the metal object by way of short circuiting arc transfer. An angle difference between a reference position and an instant position of the welding torch is 0 to 135 degrees when the welding torch welds the metal object, so as to keep the slag from spraying, wherein the welding torch is at the reference position when the tip thereof is pointed straight down towards the ground.

Abstract: A welding system and method is provided for welding heavy plate, where the method and device include using a laser which directs a beam to a first weld puddle to weld at least a portion of a work piece and a welding torch to direct a first welding electrode to the first weld puddle while the beam is being directed to the weld puddle. The welding torch deposits the first welding electrode to create a first weld bead. A flux nozzle is employed to deposit a welding flux onto the weld bead, and a submerged arc welding torch is used to direct a submerged arc filler metal to the weld bead to create a second weld bead through a submerged arc welding process, where the submerged arc welding process melts a portion of the first weld bead to consume the melted portion into the second weld bead.

Abstract: Equipment and procedure for the automated manufacture of tubular structures of any size and of polygonal geometry of any number of sides, the said equipment containing a central axis (1) in the form of a tube in which a series of perforations have been made to which are screwed a series of telescopic pistons with suction pad (2) which are those which take the panel and a series of pistons with cooled bronze piece for welding (3), a fixed support (4) and a movable support (6) of the central axis (1), three overhead travelling cranes (7) with drills (8) which make any perforations necessary, automated welding tools (1) which weld the panels of the structure and which can be moved on tracks (12) and a container (9) for the panels (10).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for affixing a metal cladding to a metal base. The method includes: heating the metal cladding and a surface of the metal base with a heating device to create a molten metal pool having molten metal cladding layered upon molten metal base material in the metal base; stabilizing a temperature gradient of the molten metal pool with a laser beam directed into the molten metal pool; and cooling the molten metal pool to affix solidified cladding to the metal base.

Abstract: A submerged arc welding system includes a robot having a first arm connected to a second arm, and at least one wire supply. A welding torch is connected to a first end of the second arm of the robot. A wire motor is mounted to a second end of the second arm of the robot. The wire motor moves wire from the wire supply along a wire path to the welding torch. The system further includes a flux supply and a flux delivery system configured to move flux from the flux supply along a flux path to the welding torch.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bonded flux and a solid wire for submerged arc welding, and a method for submerged arc welding of a low-temperature steel each of which gives a weld bead (weld metal) having excellent low-temperature fracture toughness with satisfactory weldability. The bonded flux includes 23-43% of MgO, 11-31% of Al2O3, 6-16% of CaF2, 7-20% of SiO2, 1.0-8.0% as CO2 equivalent of a metal carbonate, a total of 2-16% of CaO and/or BaO, 0.4-1.5% of metallic silicon, a total of 1.0-7.0% as titanium equivalent of metallic titanium and titanium oxide, a total of 0.01-0.20% as boron equivalent of metallic boron and/or boron oxide, and a total of 1.0-6.0% as equivalents of respective elements of at least one oxide of Na, K, and Li, and has a ratio ([Total Ti]+[Total B])/[SiO2] of from 0.05 to 0.55.

Abstract: A filler material for welding is characterized by the following chemical composition (amounts in % by weight): 0.05-0.15 C, 8-11 Cr, 2.8-6 Ni, 0.5-1.9 Mo, 0.5-1.5 Mn, 0.15-0.5 Si, 0.2-0.4 V, 0-0.04 B, 1-3 Re, 0.001-0.07 Ta, 0.01-0.06 N, 0-60 ppm Pd, max. 0.25 P, max. 0.02 S, remainder Fe and manufacturing-related unavoidable impurities. The material has outstanding properties, in particular a good creep rupture strength/creep resistance, a good oxidation resistance and a very high toughness.

Abstract: A method of shielding a weld. The method includes melting a substrate to form a weld pool using a high energy density welding technique of plasma arc welding, laser beam welding, or electron beam welding; and delivering a flux to the weld pool to produce a slag effective to shield against atmospheric contaminants.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of repairing an in-service pipeline, tank, and/or vessel are provided. Generally, a metal arc welding under oil process employing an automated metal arc welding setup with a continuous wire feed is utilized. The process may be used in connection with a smart pig to perform in-situ internal repairs of in-service pipelines, tanks, and/or vessels. For example, a pipeline pig or other device is contemplated that employs an internal power supply, a navigation system, and a metal arc welding under oil system that is able to travel vast distances within a pipeline to reach pipeline segments that are either buried underground, under highways, or underwater making access very difficult. Once at its desired location, the pipeline pig performs in-situ welding or other internal repairs to the in-service pipeline. The disclosed apparatus and methods provide great flexibility to the repair of pipelines, tanks, and/or vessels.

Abstract: A high-strength steel pipe has a tensile strength of 800 MPa or more and includes a weld metal having high cold-cracking resistance and high low-temperature toughness, wherein the weld metal contains C: 0.04% to 0.09% by mass, Si: 0.32% to 0.50% by mass, Mn: 1.4% to 2.0% by mass, Cu: less than 0.5% by mass, Ni: more than 0.9% by mass but not more than 4.2% by mass, Mo: 0.4% to 1.5% by mass, Cr: less than 0.5% by mass, V: less than 0.2% by mass, and the remainder of Fe and incidental impurities, and CS values calculated from the weld metal components using the equation CS=5.1+1.4[Mo]?[Ni]?[Mn]?36.3[C] are equal to zero or more at both an internal surface and an external surface.

Abstract: High basicity melt flux for submerged arc welding use which is used when preparing high strength weld metal and gives sound, high toughness weld metal free of top slag-in is provided. The melt flux for submerged arc welding use which is used when welding the seams of UO pipe for pipeline use having a tensile strength of a base material of 800 MPa to 1200 MPa is melt flux for submerged arc welding use characterized by containing, by mass%, CaO: 5.0% to 25.0%, MgO: 1.0% to 5.0%, Al2O3: over 15.0% to 30.0%, CaF2: 30.0% to 50.0%, SiO2: 10.0% to 20.0%, and MnO: 0.5% to 15.0% and having a basicity B of 1.2 to 3.2.

Abstract: Provided are a combination welding method and a combination arc welding machine thereof having excellent construction efficiency and preventing a deterioration of toughness of a HAZ by maintaining the current density of each of gas metal arc welding and submerged-arc welding within an appropriate range at the time of welding a steel plate by the combination of the gas metal arc welding using multielectrodes and the submerged-arc welding using multielectrodes. The gas metal arc welding is performed using two or more electrodes, a wire for welding having a wire diameter of 1.4 mm or more is used in the first electrode of the gas metal arc welding, and a current density of the first electrode is set to 320 A/mm2 or more.

Abstract: The present invention, in a welded joint of steel sheets and a steel pipe body having a tensile strength of 800 MPa or more (over X100 in API Standards), provides: the welded joint of the steel sheets and the steel pipe produced by forming a steel sheet into a cylindrical shape and welding both the ends thereof, both excellent in cold cracking resistance; and methods for producing them. The present invention includes an ultrahigh strength welded joint and an ultrahigh strength welded steel pipe excellent in the cold cracking resistance of a weld metal, characterized in that the amount of non-diffusible hydrogen in the inner side weld metal is 0.01 ppm or more. It is preferable that the ratio of the non-diffusible hydrogen amount to the total hydrogen amount in said inner side weld metal is 0.5% or more. Further, it is preferable that Mo carbide is contained by not less than 1 piece/?m2 in said inner side weld metal.

Abstract: A method of welding a joint includes directing a first output from a high energy density heat source, such as a laser, against a first side of the joint. The method further includes directing a second output from an arc welding heat source, such as a gas metal arc welding torch, against a second side of the joint. The first output produces a keyhole surrounded by a molten metal pool which extends from the first side of the joint toward the second side of the joint. In some embodiments a third output from a second arc welding heat source may also be directed at the first side of the joint. A second molten metal pool produced by the arc welding heat source joins with the first molten metal pool and the third molten metal pool to form a common molten metal pool which solidifies to form the weld.

Abstract: An alloy comprising about 0.5 weight percent to about 2 weight percent carbon, about 15 weight percent to about 30 weight percent chromium, about 4 weight percent to about 12 weight percent nickel, up to about 3 weight percent manganese, up to about 2.5 weight percent silicon, up to about 1 weight percent zirconium, up to about 3 weight percent molybdenum, up to about 3 weight percent tungsten, up to about 0.5 weight percent boron, up to about 0.5 weight percent impurities, and iron.

Abstract: A method for welding dissimilar metals involved selecting a steel having approximately 1-3 weight % chromium (Cr) content and a first coefficient of thermal expansion at a predetermined first temperature for a first part [14], selecting a nickel-based alloy having a second coefficient of thermal expansion at a second predetermined temperature for a second part [12], the first and second coefficients of thermal expansion having a maximum difference of approximately 2-3% when the first predetermined temperature is approximately 500-550° C. and the second predetermined temperature is approximately 600-650° C., then welding the first part to the second part [12].

Abstract: A system for submerged arc welding, having a container in which welding wire is stored so as to be available for welding, a welding torch, a guiding system for guiding the welding wire from the container towards the welding torch, and a feeder for moving the welding wire from the container through the guiding system towards the welding torch, the guiding system using at least one rolling element for guiding the welding wire. A method of operating a submerged arc welding system, wherein a first supply of welding wire and a second supply of welding wire are provided, the first and the second supplies each having a forward end and a rearward end, wherein the rearward end of the first supply is welded to the forward end of the second supply such that a weld is formed which can be fed through the submerged arc welding system.