Abstract: Mash seam welding process and apparatus, wherein two plate-like workpieces having different thickness values are fed and guided by a guiding device such that a length W.sub.H of contact of the thick plate-like workpiece with one of two roller electrodes is smaller than a length W.sub.M of contact of the thin plate-like workpiece with the other roller electrode. In this arrangement, the amount of mashing of the thick plate-like workpiece by the roller electrode is made larger than that of the thin plate-like workpiece by the other roller electrode, so that an interface of the two plate-like workpieces is positioned intermediate between the pair of roller electrodes, whereby a weld nugget formed intermediate between the roller electrodes extends across the interface, permitting the weld to have a sufficient strength owing to a nugget ratio, which is a ratio of a width dimension W.sub.N of the weld nugget in the direction of the interface to a width dimension W.sub.G of the interface.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically welding and handling welded tailored blank composites. The method comprises the steps of transferring first and second sheet component parts from respective input stacks to an assembly table of a welding machine. The sheet components are disposed in a butt joint or an overlapping lap joint configuration and the blanks are welded together along a weld seam thus defining a welded blank. The welded blank is conveyed in a timed step manner from the welding machine to an output stacking machine via a magnetic stepping conveyor and the blank is transferred from the conveyor to an output stack of completed blanks with a stacking machine. An apparatus is provided to carry out the method.

Abstract: When welding a series of container bodies, the welding speed is at first increased to prevent the first body from colliding with the second body at the intake to the welding machine. The welding speed is then reduced to a rated welding speed V.sub.s at which minimum gaps are maintained between successive bodies.

Abstract: An electric resistance welder welds, hot reduces, tempers and planishes overlapped metal workpieces. The welder incorporates two transformers (50, 60) which are connected to two sets of wheel electrodes (26, 28 and 36, 38). Electric current from a first transformer (50) flows through workpieces (16) and returns through a second transformer (60). The first set of wheel electrodes (26, 28) creates a weld joint and the second set (36, 38), depending on the shape, area, and pressure of the wheels, either reduces the weld thickness, tempers the weld joint, or both. A control circuit (72) includes a current sensor (70) and power factor adjuster (80). The current sensor senses current flow through the first transformer during the welding process. As the current changes, particularly when the sets of wheel electrodes engage and disengage the workpieces, the power factor adjuster (72) adjusts the power factor to maintain constant heat to the workpieces.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically welding and handling mash welded tailored blank composites. The method comprises the steps of transferring first and second sheet component parts from respective input stacks to an assembly table of a mash welding machine. The sheet components are disposed in an overlapping lap joint configuration and the lap joint is welded along a linear weld seam thus defining a welded blank. The welded blank is conveyed in a timed step manner from the welding machine to an output stacking machine via a magnetic stepping conveyor and the blank is transferred from the conveyor to an output stack of completed blanks with a stacking machine. An apparatus is provided to carry out the method.

Abstract: In a seam welding process for overlapping sheets, in particular for welding can bodies, the welding force is momentarily reduced upon each insertion of a can body between the welding rollers. This keeps the welding pressure constant even at the start of a can body. In this way the power input to the sheet can be kept constant even at the start of a can body, and the weld quality even at the start of a can body satisfies requirements.

Abstract: A sheet metal container (1) used as a retainable or nonretainable container for transport and storage of liquids has a fill neck (3) which can be sealed with a cap (4) and another neck (5) in the bottom area for connecting a discharge and flushing cock, and an external lattice jacket (6) of metal. A pallet (9) is formed as a flat bottom pan (10) from sheet for form-fittingly accommodating the sheet metal container (1) which is equipped with a drainage bottom. The sheet metal container (1) is welded together from a jacket (11), a bottom part (12) and a cover (13). The jacket (11), bottom part (12) and cover (13) of the container (1) are produced with a double wall of composite construction consisting of a thin inner sheet of corrosion-proof special steel and an outer sheet of normal steel with a thickness greater than that of the inner sheet. It is possible to produce the container (1) of clad sheet metal with a thin inner layer of special steel and a thicker outer layer of normal steel.

Abstract: Two pieces of steel strip are welded together by a method employing projection resistance welding. A portion of one strip is formed with a series of aligned projections and arranged in superimposed relation with a portion of the other strip. The superimposed portions are moved through a welding zone located between upper and lower electrodes, typically a pair of rotatable welding wheels, through which a continuous electrical current flows. As the projections move into and through the welding zone, they are heated, flattened, melted and welded to the other of the two superimposed portions. The projections may be in the form of a continuous, elongated ridge (when the steel strips are uncoated) or in the form of spaced apart dimples (when the steel strips are coated or uncoated).

Abstract: A relatively simple and inexpensive apparatus and method for providing high quality and aesthetically pleasing continuous resistance welded hollow metal articles at constant speed comprises an article workpiece conveying guide means for guiding the article workpiece through a welding means under controlled, stable, vibration free conditions in a predetermined path. The path has linear and non-linear portions. A sensor interactively connected to a programmable controller which functions to move the workpiece quickly and accurately through the welding means under stable conditions at a high uniform rate of speed. A first guide provides a weld edge reference guide, and a simple pivotal tracking system provides a weld path guide during non-linear travel of the workpiece. The tracking system exerts its force on the workpiece generally through the center of percussion of the article workpiece whereby no vibration is imparted by the force to the workpiece.

Abstract: A roller seam welding machine is provided with a contour-controlled table for the tank to be welded. The table is driven by a pinion (4) and a pantograph (16), in a known manner. To enable flanges (6) with a three-dimensional profile to be welded, the welding rollers (10,11) are mounted on a vertically traversable head (14) of the machine. This allows the welding rollers to be traversed to suit rises or falls in the welding flange (6). Because the tank itself is manipulated only in a horizontal plane in the conventional manner, with vertical manipulation of the welding rollers as an additional feature, the possibility is afforded in a simple manner of welding tank flanges with three-dimensional profiles with high precision irrespective of the weight and size of the tank.

Abstract: As preparation for the seam welding of different thickness sheet metal blanks (10 and 12), at least the thicker (10) of the two blanks is reduced in thickness, preferably by chip machining, in its edge region (11) which is intended for welding. Since the edge regions (11 and 13) which are to be welded then approximate to each other in their thicknesses (t1+t2), practically symmetrical conditions with regard to the joint plane exist for the welding operation, so that the welding can proceed with substantially the same controllable welding parameters as in the seam welding of sheet metal blanks of equal thickness. The process is suitable mainly for use in mash seam welding, but also in other seam welding processes, such as for example, in laser welding.

Abstract: A miniaturized electromagnetic bell unit suitable for use with an alarm clock and the like is provided.The bell unit of the present invention is characterized in that it is miniaturized in such a way that a yoke to which a coil and a bell hammer are attached is incorporated within a bell and the bell is fixed to the yoke.

Abstract: In a high frequency resistance welding system useable with massive or spatially extensive workpieces, the welding head is transported over weld areas by gantry means to provide high speed, high quality welds at appreciably less cost and with quality comparable to that of welds from conventional stationary head systems.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for welding high electrically conductive metal and metal alloys. High thermal and high electrical conductive metals such as, for example copper foil and the like, normally unweldable by resistance welding means due to their physical makeup, can now be welded in a conventional manner by the use of pairs of welding electrodes constructed of molybdenum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a welding electrode with smooth surface for gas shielded arc welding, comprising a steel substrate provided with a thin, ferrous oxide containing covering layer. This covering layer has a thickness of less than 500 .ANG. and the structure of a ferric oxide gel comprising trivalent Fe-cations surrounded by oxygen containing anions, which anion-surrounded cations are amorphously bound in an aqueous gel-like network.A method is also described of producing this electrode and of using it in an arc-welding process.

Abstract: The invention disclosed provides an effective and comprehensively economic method of cooling the continuous shielding wire fed to the welding rollers of a machine for seam-welding discrete lengths of tube, inasmuch as the wire does not merely pass between the cooled mill rolls but is wrapped around each one to the point of subtending an angle greater than 180.degree..

Abstract: The copper wires employed for electrical resistance seam welding of tinned sheet metal with the help of wire electrodes until now had to be taken back to the smelter as old metal after a few applications. The additional operating costs associated with this were until now unavoidable for long seam resistance welding of tinned sheet metal since multiple uses or applications of the copper wire for resistance seam welding have proven to be impossible in spite of years of research. The problem of these additional operating costs can be solved such that new copper wires with a reduced diameter can be directly drawn from the copper wire employed as wire electrodes for resistance seam welding after their use in welding. These wires then, for example, can be used as signal conductors or as windings. The properties of these wires are totally in accord with copper wires that are directly drawn from new copper.

Abstract: For connecting a round hollow member (10) of sheet metal tightly to a complementary inner member (12), a force fit is produced in a narrow annular region (25) between these two members (10, 12). Then at least two electrodes (90) are applied to the hollow member (10) from the outside in the annular region and during relative rotation between the electrodes (90) on the one hand and the two members (10, 12) on the other hand, electrical resistance welding is carried out during which the welding current (I) is supplied and drawn off exclusively through the electrodes (90) bearing externally against the hollow member (10).

Abstract: A method of lap welding an eventual can blank of a metal sheet or the like by passing a lap joint between the upper and lower roller electrodes via upper and lower wire electrodes to be heated and simultaneously applied pressure, thereby forming continuous thermal press bond sections, wherein the width of the contact surface of the upper and lower wire electrodes is set to three times the width of the lap joint, and the thermal press bond sections are formed by thermal press bonding without fusion, the center-to-center distance between adjacent thermal press bond sections being set to be in a range of 0.8.+-.0.2 mm.

Abstract: A method of making a welded can body wherein the opposite marginal edge portions of a metallic blank are overlapped to form a can body preform with an overlapped portion, and then the overlapped portion is electric-resistance mash-seam welded by using a pair of wire electrodes abutting on both the surfaces of the overlapped portion. At least one of the pair of the wire electrodes is formed with a flat main portion and a marginal projection including a slope contiguous to the flat main portion on the surface thereof, which surface is adapted to abut on the surface of the overlapped portion.

Abstract: The process relates to the welding of the cylindrical bodies of food cans in which the body is rolled with edges overlapping along a longitudinal welding line between resistance welding electrodes. The ratio of the radius of curvature of a first electrode with respect to the second is at least equal to 1.2. The material constituting the body is mild steel sheet having on one face at least, a protective conductive coating whose contact resistivity with respect to copper is at least 10.sup.-5 ohm/cm.sup.2. A material is selected having a ratio of the contact resistivity of a first face to that of the second at least equal to 1.2, and the material is rolled in such a way that the first face is in contact with the first electrode. The preferred materials have on each face a layer of tin of at the most 1.05 g/m.sup.2 and a composite layer of metallic chromium (5-140 mg/m.sup.2) and of chromium in oxidized form (1-30 mg/m.sup.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a solar energy collector assembly of the integral storage type is disclosed herein. This assembly utilizes a specifically designed storage arrangement which is expanded into its final shape from an initial collapsed configuration. In the specific embodiment disclosed, the storage arrangement includes many of its own design features apart from the overall collector assembly and serves as the main structural component of the entire assembly.

Abstract: In the manufacture of electrical spring contacts each having a gold-plated contact element welded thereto, a method of providing such a contact element by welding a gold-plated surface strip to a body strip with a pair of welding electrodes in the form of rollers located between the punch and die pad bolsters of a progressive die to effect one or more welds between the strips during the interval the punch pad bolster is in its return stroke mode whereby the subsequent punching out of the finished contacts can be done without disturbing the welds and each such welded part of the surface strip constitutes the gold-plated contact element.

Abstract: A welding machine with wire electrodes is used to electrically resistance roll seam weld tin plate. Only one electrode wire running over both of the electrode carrying rolls is used. To prevent the formation of a loop in the wire stretch between the electrode carrying rolls a hard wire is required which is produced by a prior rolling of a soft round wire. With this rolling there results however a non-uniform hardness distribution over the wire cross section with areas of high and areas of low material hardness so that the average strength increase over the entire wire cross section of the electrode wire remains below the increase in strength which could theoretically be reached if no portion of the wire cross section remained outside of the area of high material strength.

Abstract: In a method for electrical resistance roll seam welding with a single electrode-wire, wherein the electrode-wire runs over first and second electrode carrier-rolls urged against each other, and the strength of the electrode-wire is increased by rolling-out before it enters the first electrode carrier-roll, elongations of the electrode-wire which can otherwise arise and lead to a slippage of the electrode-wire at the welding point and therefore, deleteriously affect the weld-quality can be largely prevented by reducing the electrode-wire temperature at the welding-point by cooling with a cooling device (17) the electrode-wire (12) between its rolling-out point (17/18) and its passage onto the first electrode carrier-roll (14) and/or between its departure from electrode carrier-roll (14) and its passage onto the second electrode carrier-roll (15).

Abstract: A fluid circulating apparatus for cleaning welding electrode wheels with a spray of fluid. A high pressure pump draws the fluid from a tank and distributes it to a plurality of welding stations where nozzles spray the fluid on the electrodes. Flow of water through the system is balanced by providing a dumping outlet through which fluid is released from the system when the welding machine is not performing a welding operation. A diverting valve is used to shift the fluid flow from the nozzles to the dumping outlet. An integrated fluid control system is disclosed for controlling both the welding machine and cleaning apparatus.

Abstract: In order to perform automatic seam welding of thin-walled can bodies at a high welding speed of more than 40 m/min, during conveyance of a cylindrical can body blank along a cross-sectionally Z-shaped rail, the blank is held by a holding device comprising contacting concave plates or rolls, each of which rotates about a pin located outside near the can body blank and in a plane perpendicular to the center axis of the can body blank and each of which has a spring and stopper for limiting the rotation so as to diminish and absorb the shaking of the can body blank.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a piston ring is disclosed wherein web-like first metal member which will form a base of a piston ring and web-like second metal member which will form a wear resistant layer of the piston ring are separately fed and joined together. The joined web is subject to curving to gradually decrease a radius of curvature.

Abstract: An electric resistance seam welding method and apparatus includes a continuous wire electrode which is passed successively over a first electrode reel and thereafter over a second electrode reel via a plurality of guide and deflection rollers, the outer surfaces of the wire confronting each other when passing over the reels and being pressed together by the reels by a predetermined welding force against interposed workpieces to be seam welded together. An electric current is applied so as to pass from the second electrode reel to the first reel through the wire electrode and the interposed workpieces, and the wire electrode is motor driven for feeding the workpieces through the reels. A copper wire is utilized as the wire electrode and has a tensile strength at the elastic limit of between 11 and 13 kg-f/mm.sup.2 and has a percentage elongation at break of 26 to 17%. The reels are pressed together by a force of 60 to 70 kg, and the copper wire is subject to a tensile stress of less than 10 kg-f/mm.sup.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of welded cans, which comprises forming a blank comprised of a surface-treated steel plate into a cylinder and passing a lap portion of the formed cylinder between a pair of electrode rollers through an electrode wire to effect electric resistance welding, wherein said surface-treated steel plate comprises a layer of metallic tin or a tin-iron alloy formed on the steel plate substrate in an amount of 0.05 to 1.0 g/m.sup.2 as calculated as metallic tin and a hydrated chromium oxide layer formed on said tin layer in an amount of 0.005 to 0.05 g/m.sup.2 as calculated as metallic chromium and electric resistance welding is carried out in an inert atmosphere in the state where an electrode wire having a plating layer of tin or a tin alloy having a thickness of 0.1 to 20 .mu.m is kept in close contact with the surface of said surface-treated steel plate.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a welded can body from tinplate or a tin-iron alloy plated steel sheet comprises overlapping the opposite marginal portions of a blank of the tinplate or the tin-iron plated steel sheet to form a can body preform having an overlapping portion, applying at least to the cut edges of the marginal portions of the blank a fluxing agent promoting wetting of steel with molten tin, and electrical resistance seam welding the overlapping portion in a nonoxidizing atmosphere by employing a pair of wire electrodes each covered by a layer of metallic tin on the surface thereof facing the overlapping portion. The welded portion has improved corrosion resistance, as an extruded weld portion and a remaining cut edge surface portion thereof are covered with tin transferred from the surfaces of the wire electrodes and/or the tinplate during the welding operation.

Abstract: A welder for welding side seams of tubular bodies. The welder has a body feed in the form of a single conveyor which serves to receive bodies at regular intervals from a rounded unseamed tubular body supply and to move the bodies into a welding head nip with the bodies being initially widely spaced and then the gap between a body in the welding head and a trailing body being rapidly reduced so that the leading edge of a following body enters into the nip at the same moment as the trailing edge of a leading body begins to depart from the nip, with the adjacent edges of adjacent bodies being in substantially touching but positively spaced relation.

Abstract: A method of forming thin steel plate of predetermined dimensions into a tubular form such as a cylindrical or square tubular form and subjecting the side seam or the overlapped portion of the form to electric resistance seam welding by passing it between upper and lower electrodes, which comprises applying a higher welding current to both edge parts of the overlapped portion than to the other parts or the center of the overlapped portion thereby adjusting a welding current to such a value which does not substantially cause the formation of burrs but provides the center with a desired weld strength.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of and apparatus for making a welded metallic can body by effecting a mash resistance welding on a lapped side portion of a can body preform by means of a combination of a cooled elongated electrode and a cooled rotary electrode and, as required, with wire electrodes interposed between the lapped side portion and these electrodes. Also, disclosed are a tinfree steel welded can body and its making method wherein it is formed by a mash resistance welding on a lapped side portion of a can body preform made from tinfree steel, without requiring the removal of surface chromium film from the welded portion and its vicinity.

Abstract: A resistance welding machine in which a wire electrode is urged into contact with a workpiece by first and second electrode wheels, the wire having first and second surfaces extending parallel to the axis of the wire and a twisting mechanism located in the path of the wire after the first electrode and before the second electrode for twisting the wire during linear motion of the wire so that the surface of the wire presented to the workpiece at the first electrode wheel is also presented to the workpiece at the second electrode wheel.

Abstract: The roll electrode comprises a stator member and a rotor member surrounding the stator member with an annular gap therebetween and a liquid metal is filled in the gap. The liquid metal has a composition consisting of 69.5.+-.5.0 atomic % of Ga, 15.2.+-.1.0 atomic % of In, 6.1.+-.1.0 atomic % Sn, 4.5.+-.0.8 atomic % of Zn, 3.2.+-.0.5 atomic % of Ag and 1.5.+-.0.5 atomic % of Al.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for longitudinally seam welding overlapped edges of metal sheets with continuously renewable flat wire electrodes in which the edges are overlapped a distance of from three to no more than six times the thickness of the edges and the flat wire electrodes have a width from about two to three times the width of the overlap.

Abstract: A method for making grids or baskets of reinforcing rod or wire, especially for use in the construction of hollow concrete bodies, in which a group of circumferentially spaced first rods or wires moving in the direction of the length thereof have a second rod, or wire, wrapped thereabout in a helical path; while electrodes are provided which rotate around the group of rods, or wires, and are operable to weld the rods, or wires, together at each point of intersection thereof by the combination of welding current and pressure, while relieving the pressure and interrupting the current while the electrodes are between the points of intersection.

Abstract: Methods of forming metallic workpieces into ring-shaped components of selected cross-sectional configuration in which roll electrodes both heat the workpiece by electrical resistance and provide the pressure so that the workpiece becomes plastic and flows into the wanted configuration. Apparatus in which the method can be carried out, and tooling for controlling the configuration into which the workpiece is formed.

Abstract: Metal forming methods in which a workpiece is heated and subjected to pressure, causing the metal to become plastic and flow into a selected configuration. Apparatus in which the method can be carried out and tooling for use in the methods and apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of and apparatus for making a welded metallic can body by effecting a mash resistance welding on a lapped side portion of a can body preform by means of a combination of a cooled elongated electrode and a cooled rotary electrode and, as required, with wire electrodes interposed between the lapped side portion and these electrodes. Also, disclosed are a tinfree steel welded can body and its making method wherein it is formed by a mash resistance welding on a lapped side portion of a can body preform made from tinfree steel, without requiring the removal of surface chromium film from the welded portion and its vicinity.