Abstract: A wavelength conversion element includes a substrate, a counterweight member and a wavelength conversion layer. The substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other. The counterweight member is welded to the first surface of the substrate and protrudes from the first surface of the substrate. The wavelength conversion layer is disposed on the first surface or the second surface of the substrate. A projection device having the wavelength conversion element is also provided. The wavelength conversion element and the projection device provided by the invention have good reliability.

Abstract: A method for joining two structural elements by welding, in particular by butt welding comprises forming a weld line joining the two structural elements; and adding material across the weld line, thereby forming one or more crack stoppers for limiting crack propagation along the weld line. The one or more crack stoppers each have a limited extension along the weld line as seen in relation to a length of the weld line. A structural system comprising two structural elements joined by the method is disclosed. The method may be applied, e.g., to components of aircraft engines.

Abstract: In order to reduce or remove the potential risk of heat damage in the absence of cooling jackets when joining lined pipe sections, each lined pipe section is provided with an insulatory sleeve which is disposed between the host pipe and the respective liner. The sleeves provide discrete thermal protection to the ends of the liners and, where applicable, electrofusion welds between an electrofusion fitting and the liners. The sleeves are first located in the ends of the host pipes which are then lined by drawing the liners through the host pipes via a reduction die to reduce their external diameter. The liners are then reverted towards their original dimensions resulting in a tight fitting against the internal surface of the host pipes and of the insulatory sleeves thereby compressing the insulation material.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a shunt resistor is described. In this method, a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate are provided. The first electrode plate includes a first carrying portion having a first hole. The second electrode plate includes a second carrying portion having a second hole. A resistor plate is placed between the first and second electrode plates. The resistor plate has a first through hole and a second through hole respectively on the first hole and the second hole. A first rivet is pressed into the first through hole and the first hole. A second rivet is pressed into the second through hole and the second hole. Current is applied to the first rivet and the second rivet to weld the first rivet, the first electrode plate and the resistor plate, and to weld the second rivet, the second electrode plate and the resistor plate.

Abstract: A welded steel door including a pan having a bottom surface forming a first face of the door and flanges extending on opposite edges thereof forming opposite side edges of the door, the flanges having a lid engaging surface spaced from the bottom surface, a lid having a top surface forming a second face of the door opposite the first face, opposite edges of the top surface each having a hem mated with a respective lid engaging surface of each flange, the hem including a portion of the top surface folded back on itself, and a plurality of welds securing the lid to the pan. The welds extend between the portion of the top surface of the lid folded back on itself of each hem and the respective lid engaging surface of each flange and are thereby concealed.

Abstract: To enable a first welding target member including a projection on a welding target portion having short sides and long sides and a second welding target member to be bonded by resistance welding with high welding strength. A manufacturing method for manufacturing a welded article by bonding a first welding target member including an elongated projection portion on a welding target portion having short sides and long sides that are longer than the short sides and a second welding target member by resistance welding, in which the projection portion of the first welding target member is subdivided by forming subdividing grooves extending in the direction of the short sides in the projection portion to reduce the influence of skin effect on the welding current flowing through the subdivided projection portions and improve the uniformity of the current values in the direction of the long sides.

Abstract: A spot welding method able to simply prevent liquid metal embrittlement cracks in spot welding of plated steel sheets, comprising, before spot welding, removing the plating at least in a zone including the inside of a circle centered at a scheduled location where the center of the nugget is formed and having an outer circumference of the inside of the outer edge of a weld affected zone or a zone at the mated surfaces of the steel sheets to be welded at the inside of a circle sharing a center of a scheduled location becoming the center of the nugget formed at the mated surfaces of the steel sheets and having an outer circumference of the inside of the outer edge of a weld affected zone.

Abstract: Resistance spot welding of a thin-gauge steel workpiece to another steel workpiece is achieved through the combined use of specific spot welding electrodes and a pulsating welding current. Each of the spot welding electrodes has a weld face that is smaller in diameter than a typical steel spot welding electrode. And the pulsating welding current that is used in conjunction with the smaller-sized spot welding electrodes includes at least two stages of electrical current pulses.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a composite sheet metal part having at least one metallic region from a composite sheet metal blank which has two outer cover sheets of metal and at least one layer which is arranged between the cover sheets and consists of plastics material. The invention provides an apparatus and method by which complex formed composite sheet metal parts can easily be produced in a few steps and which still have metallic regions which can be used for joining to further parts.

Abstract: Plate consisting of a steel substrate (1) and a precoat (2) consisting of a layer of intermetallic alloy (3) in contact with said substrate, topped by a layer of metal alloy (4), characterized in that, on at least one precoated face of said plate, an area (6) situated at the periphery of said plate has said metal alloy layer removed.

Abstract: A hollow component made of thin sheet metal members is described, along with a method of manufacturing such hollow component. The method involves applying a flow drilling process on one sheet metal member of a pair of sheet metal members having a gap G between them to form a first collar part. A flow drilling process is applied on the other sheet metal member of the pair to form a second collar part as well as to cause an inner tip of the second collar part to fuse with an inner tip of the first collar part. A cylindrical connection member is formed to strengthen a flat sheet metal members.

Abstract: In this brazing method, which brazes an insulating substrate and a top plate that configure an HV inverter cooler, the insulating substrate is disposed on the top plate with a brazing material layer therebetween, and then, by means of laser irradiation, laser welding is performed at an arbitrary plurality of positions at the joining section between the top plate and the insulating substrate, thus provisionally affixing the insulating substrate to the top plate. Thereafter, by means of heating and melting the brazing material layer, the insulating substrate is brazed onto the top plate with the plurality of laser-welded positions as the brazing start points. After brazing, a power semiconductor is joined onto the insulating substrate corresponding to the center portion of the region surrounded by the plurality of brazing start points.

Abstract: An adhesion flange structure includes: a first flange extending along and formed to an end portion of a first vehicle body panel with an interposing bend portion; a second flange formed to an end portion of a second vehicle body panel configuring a section of a vehicle body together with the first vehicle body panel, the second flange formed facing the bend portion and the first flange; an adhesive that adheres the bend portion and the first flange to the second flange; a ridge projection portion formed extending along the direction the first flange extends along the end portion of the first vehicle body panel, and formed to at least one portion out of the bend portion and a facing portion of the second flange that faces the bend portion, the ridge projection portion forming a projection towards the opposing side out of the bend portion and the facing portion.

Abstract: Weld faces of electrodes for resistance spot welding are formed with a suitable area of protrusions and/or intrusions. The size, shape, and elevation or depths of the protrusions or intrusions are determined for the formation of suitable spot welds in and between metal workpieces such as aluminum or steel panels for vehicle bodies. The protrusions or intrusions are also conceived and used to form an image on at least a visible surface of the welded article to produce an attractive appearance on the surface of the welded sheet.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bonding method for dissimilar materials made from metals and its resulting structures. The materials to be bonded are formed by layering three or more sheets such that a dissimilar material interface and a same material interface are formed. A first current is conducted between a three-sheet layered plate material wherein an aluminum alloy plate, a zinc plated steel plate and a bare steel plate, for example, are layered in order. A nugget is formed in an interface between the zinc plated steel plate and the bare steel plate, which are the same materials. Then, a second current greater than the first current is conducted, and a nugget is formed in an interface between the aluminum alloy plate and the zinc plated steel plate.

Abstract: A method is provided for welding a laminated metal sheet to a workpiece. The laminated metal sheet includes an outer metal sheet and an inner metal sheet bonded together by a polymer material that impedes the flow of weld current. A punch is applied against the outer metal sheet and driven through the laminated metal sheet to create a hole and also create an annular metallic burr that bridges across the polymer material layer between the outer metal sheet and the inner metal sheet. A weld electrode is positioned against the outer metal sheet at the punched hole and weld current is conducted through the first annular metallic burr to create an electric resistance weld between the laminated metal and the workpiece.

Abstract: A pair of tubes are provided, one of greater diameter than the other so that the tubes can be telescoped together. An annular inward facing projection is formed on the outer tube for contact with the outside surface of the inner tube when the tubes are telescoped together. An annular outer facing projection is formed on the inner tube for contacting with the inside surface of the outer tube when the tubes are telescoped together. An adhesive is placed on one of the tubes for contacting with the other tube when the tubes are telescoped together. After the tubes are telescoped together weld current is conducted through the tubes to weld the annular projections to the respective opposing tube in contact therewith and at least partially cure the adhesive.

Abstract: In a series spot welding method, leading edge portions of pressed electrode tips crush bearing surfaces that are one stage higher than a general portion. Thereby, the bearing surfaces are first deformed into a spherical shape. The bearing surfaces thus deformed into the spherical shape are then brought into spot contact with a second steel plate. Thus, the bearing surfaces thus deformed into the spherical shape form a conduction path narrowed down to a spot, between a first steel plate and the second steel plate. Therefore, the density of welding current flowing through the conduction path can be enhanced, and a nugget of sufficient size can be created between the first and second steel plates.

Abstract: To provide a strip connecting apparatus and a method therefor which are less costly, short in welding time and high in welding quality. A strip connecting apparatus is provided with: a surface coating removing device for removing insulative surface coating of end portions, to be welded, of a leading strip and a trailing strip before cutting the strips; a cutting device for cutting the end portions, to be welded, of the leading strip and the trailing strip; and a welding device for overlapping the cut end portions of the leading strip and the trailing strip and seam welding the cut end portions with each other.

Abstract: A method and assembly for spot welding metal sheets includes a conductive metal strip sandwiched between an electrode and the sheet metal to be welded. The conductive strip shields the electrodes from deterioration accelerating coatings present on the sheet metal to be welded. The conductive strip deteriorates instead of the electrode and is indexed through the welding interface after a desired number of welds.

Abstract: A method of electrically welding a part such as a bolt around a bore of a composite sheet comprising an intermediate layer of a substantially insulating material disposed between two metal layers. Said sheet is pre-heated in the vicinity of said bore in order to remove said substantially insulating material therefrom, after which said part is welded onto said sheet by a conventional resistance spot welding method. Preferably, said pre-heating operation is conducted by passing an electric current between a counter-electrode applied to the sheet from the same side as said part to be welded, in the vicinity of said bore, and an electrode applied on said part to be welded.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously spot-welding galvanized steel sheets overlapped to be bonded by way of a spot welding machine having a pair of electrodes. The galvanized steel sheets clamp a resistance increasing material including a spacer to ensure a gap between the sheets. Bonding surfaces of the galvanized steel sheets partly contact each other when the pair of electrodes pressurize the galvanized steel sheets such that a part of the gap is retained around the spacer between the bonding surfaces. The retained gap has a size in which zinc melted or vapored when a weld current flows between the electrodes can escape through a weld section of the galvanized steel sheets to outside. The method comprises the step of recording an inter-electrode resistance for each spot when the continuous spot welding is executed by the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: A resistance welding process for aluminum and aluminum alloy materials for enabling the remarkable improvement of the electrode life comprises the steps of preparing an insert material having the overall thickness of 0.02 to 1 mm including a sheet-like core material consisting of iron, steel, copper or copper alloy and coated layers each having the thickness of 1 to 100 .mu.m, consisting of any one of Ni, Ni alloy, Ti, Ti alloy, Nb, Nb alloy, Mo, Mo alloy, W, W alloy, Cr, Cr alloy, Co and Co alloy and formed on both surfaces of the core material, or an insert material consisting of Ti foil or Ni foil; interposing the insert material between each of upper and under electrodes and each portion of overlapped materials to be welded consisting of aluminum or aluminum alloy; pressurizing the materials to be welded by the upper and under electrodes to join the materials to be welded together. The coated layers on both surfaces of the core material may consist of the same metal or different metals from each other.

Abstract: In the performance of fusing operations which involve the application of force and heat to a workpiece, the heat being generated at least in part by electrical resistance heating resulting from passage of an electrical current through an electrical circuit which includes the workpiece and typically also a fusing electrode, the fusing cycle is controlled at least in part on the basis of measurements of the resistance of the above-mentioned circuit during the fusing operation. If desired, the resistance measurements may be corrected to eliminate or at least substantially reduce the contribution of electrode resistance so that the fusing operation is controlled on the basis of the resistance of the workpiece.

Abstract: An electric resistance welding method for welding zinc plated steel plates is disclosed. The zinc plated steel plates having at least one surface covered with a plating layer composed of mainly zinc can be welded by the present invention efficiently while overlapping said plating layers, because a material for increasing the resistance between the zinc plated steel plates is employed in the present invention, and it is either spreaded, coated or bonded on the surface of said plating layers to be joined beforehand. Thus, the electric resistance of zinc plated steel plates can be performed by a lower electric current in a shorter time without deteriorating the anti-corrosion property of zinc plated steel plates, because the electric resistance between the steel plates has been increased by such a material.

Abstract: In lap joint welding of galvanized sheets, the occurence of blowhole and pit is prevented by applying a blowhole.multidot.pit preventing agent comprising a phosphorus compound as an effective ingredient prior to the arc-welding.

Abstract: A high heat resisting wire (5) is made of amide-imide-coated wire, and a conductive terminal (4) is made of Cu or Cu alloy such as brass P-containing solder, BAg-1, BAg-2 are used as joining assistant (4). A high heat resisting wire (5) is made of an amide-imide-coated wire and a conductive terminal (3) is made of soft steel or SUS steel, a silver-solder is used as joining assistant (4). A metallic joining conductive layer (8) is formed between a Cu core wire (7) of the insulated wire (5) and the conductive terminal (3 ) with the joining assistant (4). The insulated wire (5) is joined to the conductive terminal (3) and a joined body having high joining strength can be obtained.

Abstract: Interposing a coating-compatible strip material between a coated plate to be welded and a welding electrode that contacts that plate during the welding operation so that a coating-compatible film is applied to the plate during the welding process to prevent the removal of the protective coating of the plate. A device for performing the process includes support means for supporting a supply of strip material and guides for interposing the strip material between the plate and the welding electrode that contacts that plate during the welding operation. The strip material may be contained in a cassette which is adapted to be attached to the device.

Abstract: A method of forming a conductive connection between predominantly miniature members by pressing the members together and heating by means of electrodes through which three successive pulses of electric current are passed. First and second pulses act to break a flowable insulation coating of one of the members, melt a solder alloy in the location of the connection and effect a weld, while a third current pulse is applied to the electrodes prior to their raising from the members to thereby melt the solder alloy and flowable insulation coating, whereafter the electrodes are withdrawn from the members and the third current pulse is quenched.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for making a thin walled diaphragm unit of the type used in pressostats and thermostats. The method involves attaching a ring element to one end of a tubularly shaped diaphragm element which may have the bellows forming corrugations formed thereon either before or after the attachment of the ring element. Electrodes are utilized for physically pressing the parts together as well as providing for a flow of current through the joint to provide a metallurgical joining of the parts. A layer of an alloy of phosphorous and nickel is applied to the ring element which results in a heat joining of the parts which in effect is between soldering and welding.

Abstract: After measuring the bulk resistance the surface of high strength low alloy steel material is treated to form a high resistance coating on its surface. When resistance welding the material the coating permits weld formation without significant expulsion or excessive electrode force over a wide range of operating conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method of extrusion-fusion welding of lead parts through an aperture in a battery case which uniformly controls the area of contact between members to be welded at the completion of the extrusion process in order to produce consistent, high-quality welds exhibiting higher strength and superior durability.

Abstract: The specification discloses methods of joining two or more metal members together by combinations of innovative sealants, welding and/or cure heat. More particularly, it relates to methods and materials for improving the sealing, welding, and spacing of metal parts by combining adhesive sealants, fluxes, and metallic beads of discrete shape, size, and composition; and further, by novel organization of such components into weldable seals of simple or complex shape; and further, by magnetically treating such combinations to permit the application of wet or dry forms of the weldable sealant in self-retained-in-place locations while awaiting further assembly operations; and further, to utilize combinations of such components so that they can be handled dry prior to and during joining of the metal parts, with cure initiating as a result of weld heat, completed where necessary in subsequent production stages such as in automotive paint-drying operations.

Abstract: Metal parts are spot welded together. To prevent corrosion of the parts a thixotropic, non hardening, corrosion resistant material including a solvent and having a negligible gravity flow at temperatures less than about 400.degree. F to 440.degree. F and forming a heat insulating coherent gel when burnt is used between the plates. The material is known as Anchor Tuflex #23. The parts are clamped and a pressure, higher than a welding pressure that would be used without the material is used to squeeze out the material. The high pressure is continued during welding. After welding continued pressure, is applied during cooling.

Abstract: Relates to a method of and apparatus for electric welding through insulation coatings, such as paint, on metallic surfaces by directing a vapor jet of paint solvent upon a selected area of a painted metal surface to first soften and then vaporblast the softened paint away from the area to expose a bare spot of the metal surface for welding. Then, before the softened paint reflows back over the bare spot as a result of the discontinuance of the vapor jet, quickly bringing a metal part into welding range of the bare spot and welding the two metal parts together. Following the welding operation, the softened paint coating reflows over the exposed welded juncture and hardens to form a protective film thereover.

Abstract: A novel method is described for improving the ohmic contact through a relatively high electrical-resistance oxide film formed on at least one of two materials joined together to provide a low-resistance electrical junction. A current pulse of sufficient magnitude and duration is directed through the junction so that the oxide film breaks down and so that normal operating currents can then pass through the junction between the two materials.

Abstract: A method of welding aluminum to aluminum by thermal resistance welding, providing good electrical and mechanical characteristics. The method uses special electrodes for thermal heat that are hard and have a high electrical resistance, such as molybdenum or tungsten alloy and also relies on the aluminum oxide coating on the aluminum to provide the desired resistance heating of the aluminum to cause welding of the aluminum material. The machine disclosed provides a means for securing aluminum leads to the start and finish end of an aluminum winding automatically and simultaneously.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the resistance welding of sheet metal coated with layers, wherein firstly electrical contact is established between the sheets to be interwelded and between the welding electrodes and said sheets, and subsequently welding is effected across the coating layers. The invention relates also to machines for carrying out this method.

Abstract: A strain-deformable wire resistance strain gage is cemented to a ship's propeller or turbine blade, and covered with a water vapor curable silicone plastic polymer protective layer in an unset state; and metal screen overlay is track-welded with the aid of sheet metal strips through the unset silicone plastic to the propeller or turbine blade, after which the protective layer is air cured, forming a seal around the welds and the gage.

Abstract: Apparatus for the connection of sheet metal panels coated on at least one surface with an insulating layer by the electrical fusion of a metal, wherein the improvement comprises the steps of supplying an electric pre-warming current to only the upper most panel to melt the insulating layer between the coated panels.

Abstract: The invention relates to welding of sheet metal covered with non-metallic layers, and relates more particularly to a method for the spot- or roller seam- welding of sheet metal covered with non-metallic layers by removing the layer from the zones to be welded and subsequently applying a rust-protective layer over the welded zones, wherein on the zones to be welded circular or strip-shaped parts of the covering layer are mechanically removed by milling, rasping or grinding; the metallic zones of the sheet metal thus stripped bare are interwelded by means of opposed electrodes; and finally on the welded zones circular or strip-shaped parts, respectively, of a layer are applied by cementing, spraying or painting, for the formation of a uniform covering layer.

Abstract: Structurally stronger titanium articles are produced by a weld-bonding technique comprising fastening at least two plates of titanium together using spot-welding and curing an adhesive interspersed between the spot-weld nuggets. This weld-bonding may be employed to form lap joints or to stiffen titanium metal plates.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the electrical resistance welding of coated sheet metals, in which welding current is fed to at least one of the coated sheets indirectly through the metal layer thereof and contact is established between blanc areas thereof to be welded to each other, wherein annular or elongated knife edges are provided at the welding area of the sheet metal to be welded on or on intermediate welding pieces, and cavities are produced by embossing and/or by milling, for preserving an outer coating undamaged by the heat of welding.

Abstract: A pneumatically operated welding machine particularly useful for welding small diameter wires onto pins for electronic circuitry is described. In such welding an insulated wire is fed through a hollow upper electrode for welding between the electrode and a pin. Equal pressures applied by the upper and lower electrodes first exert sufficient force for penetrating the plastic insulation and thereafter the force is reduced to an optimum level for welding. The upper and lower electrodes are connected to double acting pneumatic cylinders connected to a pneumatic circuit that sequentially brings the electrodes into light contact with the workpiece for lateral positioning, applies sufficient breakthrough force to penetrate the plastic insulation, applies a reduced force during a welding period and finally retracts the electrodes.

Abstract: Structurally stronger titanium articles are produced by a weld-bonding technique comprising fastening at least two plates of titanium together using spot-welding and applying a bead of adhesive along the edge of the resistance spot-welded joint which, upon heating, flows and fills the separation between the joint components.

Abstract: A method for the connection of sheet metal panels coated on at least one surface with a layer by the electrical fusion of a metal, wherein the improvement comprises the steps of supplying an electric current for the fusion of metal indirectly along the sheet metal of at least one panel to the zone at which said panels are to be connected to each other, and keeping the temperature of an outer layer of at least one of said panels below the melting point of said layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously spot-welding galvanized steel sheets overlapped to be bonded by way of a spot welding machine having a pair of electrodes. The galvanized steel sheets clamp a resistance increasing material including a spacer to ensure a gap between the sheets. Bonding surfaces of the galvanized steel sheets partly contact each other when the pair of electrodes pressurize the galvanized steel sheets such that a part of the gap is retained around the spacer between the bonding surfaces. The retained gap has a size in which zinc melted or vapored when a weld current flows between the electrodes can escape through a weld section of the galvanized steel sheets to outside. The method comprises the step of recording an inter-electrode resistance for each spot when the continuous spot welding is executed by the pair of electrodes.