Abstract: An electrical fitting that comprises an integral cover plate and an electrical component, such as an outlet or a switch, the combined electrical component/cover plate being secured via screws through the cover plate into a wall box. Wires are secured to power wires coming from the wall box via quick-connectors or wirenuts.

Abstract: An enclosure for an electrical device includes a five-sided case with an open side closable by a removable cover. First and second pocket plates are mounted in the case and ogether with a side wall of the case define a compartment for receiving the electrical device. The first pocket plate flexes away from a side wall of the case to enlarge the opening into the compartment for receiving the electrical device. Once the electrical device is in the compartment the first pocket plate is biased into engagement with the device to retain it in the compartment. The second pocket plate is spaced from the back wall of the case to prevent contact between the electrical device and the back wall.

Abstract: A while-in-use electrical box cover includes a base and a hood. The base has a box-like structure and an open front face and includes a base hinge mount. The hood has a front wall for covering the open front face of the base and includes a hood hinge mount. A hinge pin joins the base hinge mount and the hood hinge mount in a pivoting configuration. An accepting member including a first contact surface extends from the base hinge mount. A load dispersing member included on the hood has a second contact surface configured to engage the first contact surface when the hood pivots to a fully open position. Engagement of the first contact surface and the second contact surface creates a stress in the hood, and the load dispersing member disperses the stress away from the hood hinge mount.

Abstract: A decorative circuit breaker panel cover can decorate and/or add functionality to a circuit breaker panel cover. In some embodiments, the decorative cover may be, for example, a decorative tin having an inlaid design. In other embodiments, the decorative cover may include a shelving system that fits over the circuit breaker panel.

Abstract: A “no profile” electrical box, integrated flange/protective assembly and interchangeable cover that obscures standard electrical outlets such that a wall surface appears nearly continuous, uninterrupted by the outlet or cover when in use or not in use. The profile of the combined unit equals only the thickness of the material from which it is constructed; no hinges, screws or fasteners of any kind are visible and no part of the assembly requires detachment or storage when the outlet is in use, as the hinged cover is undetectably stored in the electrical box, or may be used to cover the electrical cords when engaged in the outlet. Exemplary embodiments of the cover obscure the electrical outlet. Together, the electrical box and flange assembly allow the electrical outlet to be flush mounted or recessed interchangeably, even after installation.

Abstract: A side cover structure of an electric connecting box includes a connecting box main body, an upper cover, and a side cover covering a side opening at the connecting box main body. The side cover includes a vertical shaft through upper and lower supporters, and the connecting box main body includes a bearing. The shaft is engaged slidably and rotatably around the bearing. The bearing includes a stopper preventing the side cover from drawing out upwardly when the side cover in closed condition is moved upwardly, and a receiver supporting the side cover higher than that in closed condition when the side cover is moved upwardly and rotated toward a direction to open. The bearing includes curved upper and lower bearings, and the upper bearing has a top end portion, and a bottom end of the top end portion acts as the stopper to abut on the lower supporter.

Abstract: A box made of plastic or any other rigid material that is designed to store a multi-socket extension and excess cables. The box includes a frame, top cover, bottom cover, and inner tray. The covers are installed over the frame using sliding tracks. The inner tray is installed in the frame and serves as a partition between the box's upper part and lower part. First, the inner tray is installed in the frame. The bottom cover is then assembled. The multi-socket extension is placed on the inner tray. The excess cables are now placed inside the box preferably in the space beneath the inner tray and the box is closed with the top cover.

Abstract: A container and a lid are connected together in a sealing arrangement. Opposed sides of the lid and container are connected together by side catches. Opposed ends of the container are connected together by end catches different from the side catches. Use of either of the catches effects the seal around the periphery of the container.

Abstract: A junction box includes a box body that has a component mounting portion, an upper cover that covers an upper part of the box body, and a side cover that is attached to a side face of the box body. The box body has a side wall portion which surrounds a component mounting portion and an electric distribution portion which is electrically connected to the component mounting portion. The upper cover has a top panel and a down wall portion which are downwardly provided from the peripheral end of the top panel. The side cover has a terminal and a case portion which covers the terminal. A recess or a hole which is located outside the down wall portion of the upper cover is formed on an upper face of the case portion.

Abstract: An electrical junction box configured to stably hold a cover member in a standby state in a first position apart from a connector-mounting section. The electrical junction box includes a cover member rotatably attached to a casing about rotary support axes, an engaging projection provided on the casing that engages the cover member to position the cover member in the first position, a guide projection provided on one of the casing and the cover member, and a pair of positioning walls provided on the other of the casing and the cover member, wherein the cover member is positioned with respect to the engaging projection in an axial direction of the rotary support axes when the pair of positioning wall portions pinch the guide projection.

Abstract: An electrical box suitable for safely and efficiently housing an electrical connection. The electrical box includes a bottom and a plurality of adjacent side walls, each side wall being at least partially joined to the bottom and to each adjacent side wall to form an open box. Each side wall has a top edge wherein the top edges define an open box perimeter. At least one side wall has at least one notch, the notch comprising deformable plastic members that can be biased in an open position to define a conductor opening to receive at least one of the electrical conductors. A top can be hingedly joined to one the top edges of one side wall and can be adapted to be moveable from an open position to a closed position. The conductor opening is at least partially defined by the top when the top is in the closed position, and the flexible flanges contact the conductors when the top is in the closed position.

Abstract: A fastener assembly for releaseably fastening a first body to a second body is disclosed. The fastener assembly has a manual rotating mechanism to permit closing of the fastener by hand. Once closed, the manual rotating mechanism is not easily accessible to the user by hand. A separate tool operating rotating mechanism is accessible by a tool when the fastening mechanism is in the closed position.

Abstract: According to techniques of the present application, an apparatus for covering at least a portion of a cord includes a lower portion and an upper portion. The lower portion may include a bowl region having an upper rim. The lower portion may also include flexible tabs that substantially surround or completely surround the upper rim. Each of the flexible tabs may extend outwardly or downwardly from the upper rim. The upper portion may have a lower rim that extends below the outer edges of each of the flexible tabs when the upper portion is engaged to the lower portion. The upper portion may contact each of the flexible tabs when the upper portion is engaged to the lower portion. The apparatus may include a securing member extending downwardly from the lower portion to secure the apparatus to a resting surface.

Abstract: A watertight handhole for the transit of cables in outdoor areas comprised of two cubic or other shaped units, one external and one internal, bonded together (monoblock), made of polyvinyl, cast iron, steel or stainless steel. The handhole of the present invention has one more unit than the known handholes in current use. Its external unit does not have a bottom floor and its sides are (partially) perforated for the removal of any water that may enter, protecting in this way the internal unit which houses the cables and the top of which closes with a flat plate that extends slightly beyond its main body. The bottom floor of the internal unit is conical and ends with a hole which is closed by a conical plug. Both the hole and the plug are threaded. The conical plug has a slot which allows it to be easily opened for the removal of water in the event the unit requires cleaning.

Abstract: A wiring box includes: a top plate having an opening; a lid body which opens and closes the opening of the top plate; and a rotating arm, one end of the rotating arm being rotatably supported inside the opening of the top plate and another end of the rotating arm rotatably supporting the lid body, wherein the lid body is elevated while being held in a substantially vertical state inside the opening of the top plate by rotation of the rotating arm, and the opening of the top plate is closed by rotation of the lid body at a surface of the opening of the top plate so that a surface of the top plate and a surface of the lid body form a uniform surface.

Abstract: A meter box cover including a first portion that engages an inner surface of an opening in a lid of a meter box to prevent the passage of the cover through the opening and a second portion that extends through the opening and beyond an outermost surface of the opening in the lid of the meter box. The meter cover blocks substantially an entirety of the opening and the second portion prevents the cover from being displaced within the opening.

Abstract: An electronic device enclosure includes a rear plate defining a through hole, a side plate having a hook, a clipping device, and a rotating device. The clipping device includes a clipping member and a first resilient member. The clipping member may slide relative to the rear plate between a lock position and an unlock position. When the clipping member is located in the clock position, the hook is engaged in the through hole. When the clipping member is located in the unlock position, the hook is disengaged from the through hole. The rotating device is rotatably coupled to the side plate and may drive the clipping member to slide from the lock position to the unlock position. The first resilient member may drive the clipping member to slide from the unlock position to the lock position.

Abstract: An apparatus providing an enclosure being recessed within a wall structure and containing a plurality of electrical outlets includes a locking access door to cover the electrical outlets. The apparatus mounts flush to wall surface. The door slides upwardly to access the electrical outlets and can be locked in a lowered position using a locking mechanism and includes at least one cord slot to allow cords to be outwardly routed.

Abstract: An electrical contact coupling for a track-borne vehicle has a coupling housing and a protective flap articulated to the coupling housing. In order to ensure a reliable sealing of the coupling housing in the closed state of the electrical contact coupling, a seal is utilized which exhibits an upper sealing area running parallel to the axis of rotation and a lower sealing area running parallel to the axis of rotation. The upper sealing area associates with a sealing face aligned perpendicular to the housing end face and the lower sealing area associates with a sealing face aligned substantially parallel to the housing end face.

Abstract: An electrical device cover comprises a base with an opening in a back wall of the base sized to receive an electrical device and a lid coupled to the base at a first base end through a hinge, the lid pivotable between and open position and at least one closed position. The base comprises a notch on a base wall extending away from the first base end. A first lid end is hingedly coupled to the first base end such that the first lid end is selectively adjustable with respect to the base toward and away from the second base end. A lid pin extends from the lid towards the notch when the lid is in at least one closed position wherein the lid pin seats in the notch when the first lid end is selectively adjusted toward the second base end.

Abstract: A wall-mounting block or frame is used to mount fixtures to exterior building walls having siding. The wall-mounting block includes two major parts, a first or base section and a second or holding section which are both configured as cap-like structures detachably connected to each other with integrated, adjustable connectors. The present design eliminates the need for special hardware to attach the holding section to the base section, and helps prevent awkward mounting situations.

Abstract: An electrical box may include a panel that is coupled to a top side of the electrical box. The panel may include a wall on one side of the panel, the wall surrounding a well, in the first panel, into a space in the electrical box. The panel may also include a cap to be placed over the wall and the well. The cap and the well may be configured to form a first bend and a second bend on a cable that extends from outside of the electrical box to an inside space of the electrical box. The first bend may include a locally lowest point on cable portions that are outside of an area under the cap.

Abstract: A household appliance having at least one fascia panel. In an exemplary embodiment, the at least one fascia panel may include an electronics housing structured to house electronic components for operating the household appliance, and a cosmetic panel structured to be at least one of mounted and joined with the electronics housing. The cosmetic panel may include one or more interfaces cooperating with the electronic components for operating the dishwasher.

Abstract: A while-in-use electrical box cover includes a base and a hood. The base has a box-like structure and an open front face and includes a base hinge mount. The hood has a front wall for covering the open front face of the base and includes a hood hinge mount. A hinge pin joins the base hinge mount and the hood hinge mount in a pivoting configuration. An accepting member including a first contact surface extends from the base hinge mount. A load dispersing member included on the hood has a second contact surface configured to engage the first contact surface when the hood pivots to a fully open position. Engagement of the first contact surface and the second contact surface creates a stress in the hood, and the load dispersing member disperses the stress away from the hood hinge mount.

Abstract: An anti-theft box for accommodating an electronic device which contains a base and a cover. The base is provided with a first locking part. The cover connects to the base, and an accommodating space is formed between the cover and the base to accommodate an electronic device. The cover is provided with a second locking part. Once the cover is screwed to connect to the base, the second locking part aligns to the first locking part; therefore a provided lock can be arranged on the first locking part and the second locking part at the same time, which prevents the cover rotating relatively to the base.

Abstract: A sealed electrical enclosure for use in hazardous locations for enclosing circuit breakers having a bottom housing and a top housing with a labyrinth joint, a serrated joint, or combination of both being formed therebetween, a first aperture extending through a first end wall of the bottom housing and positioned adjacent a first contact terminal of a first circuit breaker, the first aperture further including a first metal bus extending therethrough and in electrical contact with the first contact terminal, and a second aperture extending through a second end wall of the bottom housing and positioned adjacent a second contact terminal of the first circuit breaker, the second aperture further including a second metal bus extending therethrough and in electrical contact with the second contact terminal, and a first actuating mechanism positioned on the top housing adapted for manipulating a switch of the first circuit breaker.

Abstract: The apparatus includes a mount plate secured to a wall or ceiling panel and leading to an electrical device, a frame secured thereto, a plurality of magnetic or mechanical push-touch latches secured to the frame and adapted for inward/outward movement, and a cover magnetically or mechanically, such as a pin and socket attachment assembly, connected to the latches and movable with the latches, such as to be substantially flush with the frame in the inward position and extend outwardly from the frame in the outward position such as to permit removal for access to the electrical device. Various finishing materials may be applied over any exposed portions of the apparatus, such as the mount plate, portions of the frame, and cover to match the surrounding wall panel so that the invention is substantially unnoticeable along the wall panel. The cover may also include an opening for a daily use embodiment.

Abstract: To provide an electrical junction box that can maintain a stable assembly condition between a box main body and a cover member, even if locking mechanisms are not provided on a whole periphery of the electrical junction box. An electrical junction box includes a box main body and a cover member. One of the box main body and the cover member is provided on at least a single of side portions of the one peripheral wall with a locking mechanism. An elastic rib that protrudes from an inner peripheral surface of the one peripheral wall at one of the side portions is pressed onto a fitting projection piece. A side portion is provided with a support wall that is opposed to and spaced apart from the inner peripheral surface. The fitting projection piece is held in a space between the inner peripheral surface and the support wall.

Abstract: The case includes a case main body, a cove mounted at the case main body, and lock members fixing the case main body and the cover by supporting one end of the lock member rotatably at the cover and hooking the other end of the lock member at a lock portion provided at the case main body. The lock members are arranged between one ends of the case main body and the cover and between the other ends of the case main body and the cover. A fat surface portion, on which an edge of the cover is overlapped, and a recess formed by cutting a part from the flat surface portion so as to make a gap between the edge and the case main body when the case main body and the cover are fixed by the lock members are provided at the case main body.

Abstract: A cable entry device for routing both power cables and low voltage cables through an electrical box. The cable entry device includes an elongated base with a front side, a rear side, two ends and a plurality of apertures in each end. The front side of the elongated base includes a base extension extending there from and a cable shield extending from the base extension. The cable shield includes a top and a bottom surface that are each at an angle of approximately 45 degrees with respect to the base. The top surface is closed and the bottom surface includes a circular opening that is sized to accommodate a conventional electrical fitting therein. A raised peripheral wall extends from the rear side of the elongated base.

Abstract: A while-in-use electrical box cover with an improved hinge mount is provided that prevents damage to the box cover when the hood is overstressed in the open position. A hood attaches to the base of the box cover by way of a hood hinge mount and a base hinge mount. A hinge pin, or some variance thereof, is used to couple the hood hinge mount and base hinge mount while maintaining free rotation of the pin. Hinge mounts are located in multiple positions allowing for horizontal or vertical mounting options of the hood. Some of the hinge mounts comprise compressible slots to prevent undue stresses which could potentially damage the hood or the hinge mounts located on the hood and base.

Abstract: A waterproof electric case includes a shell comprising an upper sealed part and a lower opening part, a lower lid comprising an upper opening part and a lower sealed part, at least one waterproof rubber cap covered over and inserted into a through hole of the lower sealed part of the lower lid, and a main board contained in the shell. The upper opening part includes a protruded wall and a waterproof ring disposed around an outer surface of the protruded wall, the lower lid being assembled on the inner wall of the lower opening part of the shell by the protruded wall and the waterproof ring. A fastening mechanism is disposed between the lower lid and the shell.

Abstract: A watertight packing structure of an electrical junction box includes: a box main body; a cover; inclined step portions each formed on the box main body and the cover; a packing-receiving groove provided on any one of the step portions; and a wall-end portion provided on the other step portion for pushing a packing in the packing-receiving groove. At a start end or a stop end of the step portion, a gap between the most concaved portion in a concave curved portion of any one of the packing-receiving groove and the wall-end portion facing each other and the most projecting portion in a convex curved portion of the other is set narrower than any other gap between any other portions of both curved portions. A radius R1 of the concave curved portion is set larger than a radius R2 of the convex curved portion.

Abstract: A “no profile” electrical box, integrated flange/protective assembly and interchangeable cover that obscures standard electrical outlets such that a wall surface appears nearly continuous, uninterrupted by the outlet or cover when in use or not in use. The profile of the combined unit equals only the thickness of the material from which it is constructed; no hinges, screws or fasteners of any kind are visible and no part of the assembly requires detachment or storage when the outlet is in use, as the hinged cover is undetectably stored in the electrical box, or may be used to cover the electrical cords when engaged in the outlet. Exemplary embodiments of the cover obscure the electrical outlet. Together, the electrical box and flange assembly allow the electrical outlet to be flush mounted or recessed interchangeably, even after installation.

Abstract: An explosion-proof housing includes at least one lower housing part which is provided with a housing wall defining a housing opening that can be closed by an articulated cover. The articulated cover is mounted by an articulation device to be pivotable between an opened and a closed position. In order to allow both a closely adjacent arrangement of housings and the complete utilization of the housing interior, the articulation device includes a lower articulation part arranged in the housing wall, and an upper articulation part arranged on a lower side of the articulated cover which faces the housing opening in a closed position. The lower articulation part and the upper articulation part are pivotably interconnected.

Abstract: A utility box having a housing, and a ring that forms a hole that receives an attachment from a cover. A fastener retention piece has a first recess in a first surface, a second recess within the first recess, and a third recess in a second surface. The first and second recesses retain fasteners when the first surface is adjacent a lower surface of the ring. The third retaining recess retains a fastener when the second surface is adjacent the lower surface of the ring. The fasteners secure the attachment depending from the cover, and the recesses prohibit complete rotation of the fasteners.

Abstract: A kit for temporarily protecting an electrical outlet box and its contents during construction. The kit includes retaining clips and a cover plate of the appropriate dimensions to cover a single or multiple electrical outlet box. The cover plate is constructed of a material that is not easily damaged by a rotary cutting tool and preferably can be located magnetically. The outer dimensions of the cover plate are selected to cover the face of the electrical box, the screw sockets and the contents of the electrical box. Two screw openings aligned on the center line of the cover plate are positioned to align with the screw sockets in the electrical box. The retaining clips are snap-wise removably attached to the screw openings of the cover plate and may be used to secure the cover plate temporarily to the electrical box by a friction fit into the screw sockets of the electrical box that allows the cover plate to be removed simply by pulling on the cover plate.

Abstract: An electrical device cover comprises a base with an opening in a back wall of the base sized to receive an electrical device and a lid coupled to the base at a first base end through a hinge, the lid pivotable between and open position and at least one closed position. The base comprises a notch on a base wall extending away from the first base end. A first lid end is hingedly coupled to the first base end such that the first lid end is selectively adjustable with respect to the base toward and away from the second base end. A lid pin extends from the lid towards the notch when the lid is in at least one closed position wherein the lid pin seats in the notch when the first lid end is selectively adjusted toward the second base end.

Abstract: An electrical box with recessed faceplate having a one-piece recessed faceplate (2) and adapted to accommodate a two-piece recessed faceplate (25). A rear portion (8) contains channels (9) on the top (5), bottom (6), and sides (7). A connecting wall (1503) attaches the rear portion (8) to the front portion (11). The connecting wall (1503) extends beyond the rear portion (8) and preferably contains one or more apertures (19, 20) to accommodate releasable fasteners such as screws (10). These apertures (19, 20) and the channels (9) assure that no screws (10) or analogous components or another type or releasable fastener are exposed within the box (1). The two-piece recessed faceplate (25) has an inner portion (45) and an outer portion (24) which slide along each other in order to enable the box (1) to be mounted at different distances from the mounting surface. Optionally, a removable cover (39) extends across the mouth (3) of the faceplate (2, 25).

Abstract: An enclosure adapted to be recessed into a wall is disclosed. The enclosure may include an access frame or base to which an access door or lid is hinged or otherwise movable. The access frame is adapted to be secured to a stud of the wall. The door, in a closed configuration, is adapted to be substantially flush with the wall itself. Accordingly, in a closed configuration, the housing substantially conceals or hides the contents of the enclosure. In certain embodiments, the contents could be wall-mounted electrical devices such as power outlets, thermostats, switches, alarm key pads or audio/visual controls, but in alternative embodiments, the contents can be ordinary objects such as keys, wallets, or the like. In any embodiment set forth herein, a recessed housing is provided to provide for storage space to the user while not substantially disturbing the overall appearance or aesthetics of the room.

Abstract: The present invention provides a waterproof box which has small size, high workability in its assembling, and high waterproof character. The waterproof box includes a body including a peripheral body wall which has an annular convex rim defining an opening, and a first fulcrum portion which is provided on the peripheral body wall; and a cover covering the opening and including a peripheral cover wall which has an annular chase defined by a inner wall and an outer wall and engaged with the annular convex rim, and a second fulcrum portion which is provided on the peripheral cover wall and engaged with the first fulcrum portion so that the cover rotates about the fulcrum portions. A height of a first edge of the inner wall corresponding to the second fulcrum portion is lower than that of a second edge of the inner wall adjacent to the first edge.

Abstract: An electrical junction box configured to stably hold a cover member in a standby state in a first position apart from a connector-mounting section. The electrical junction box includes a cover member rotatably attached to a casing about rotary support axes, an engaging projection provided on the casing that engages the cover member to position the cover member in the first position, a guide projection provided on one of the casing and the cover member, and a pair of positioning walls provided on the other of the casing and the cover member, wherein the cover member is positioned with respect to the engaging projection in an axial direction of the rotary support axes when the pair of positioning wall portions pinch the guide projection.

Abstract: A cable raceway including top and bottom walls, rear and front walls and a divider extending along substantially the entire length of the raceway. The divider extends in the direction between the top and bottom walls of the raceway. The raceway is comprised of a rear module of the raceway and the next module outward is a front module completing the preceding module passages. A cover over the front module passage completes that passage.

Abstract: A wall-mounting block or frame is used to mount fixtures to exterior building walls having siding. The wall-mounting block includes two major parts, a first or base section and a second or holding section which are both configured as cap-like structures detachably connected to each other with integrated, adjustable connectors. The present design eliminates the need for special hardware to attach the holding section to the base section, and helps prevent awkward mounting situations.

Abstract: An electrical box cover including a housing and a hood pivotally attached to the housing and moveable between an open and closed position. The housing includes a base wall adapted to be attached to an electrical box. The base wall is surrounded by an outwardly extending side wall. The side wall includes a first opening defined by an edge. A guard having an opening formed therein is insertable over the first opening and securable to the side wall.

Abstract: An electrical device cover comprises a base with an opening in a back wall of the base sized to receive an electrical device and a lid coupled to the base at a first base end through a hinge, the lid pivotable between and open position and at least one closed position. The base comprises a track and a notch in a side of the track extending away from the first base end. A first end of the lid in a closed position is adjustable generally parallel to the back wall of the base toward and away from a second base end. A lid pin extends from the lid towards the track when the lid is in a closed position. In each closed position the lid pin seats in the at least one notch of the track when the first lid end is selectively adjusted toward the second base end.

Abstract: A device for use in an environment where flammable gases may be present, the device including a sealed water proof exterior housing, and an interior explosion proof, sealed housing made of polycarbonate, mounted inside the exterior water proof housing. An electrical component is inside the interior sealed housing, and an intrinsically safe battery is outside of the interior housing but electrically connected to the component inside the interior housing. The battery is also mounted inside the exterior housing.

Abstract: A junction box and a photovoltaic module having a junction box are described. The junction box includes an upper cover having an upper extending wing, a lower cover having a lower extending wing, and a sealant applying thereon to glue the junction box to a solar panel. The upper cover and the lower cover form a U-shaped clamp to clamp the solar panel. The junction box can be firmly fixed on the solar panel with a fixing member or protrusions coupling to trenches formed on the solar panel.

Abstract: A method for sealing a cable in an enclosure includes assembling a first portion and a second portion of a cable seal around a cable. The first and second portions of the cable seal define a central axial opening having a sealing surface. The cable is disposed in the central axial opening. The method further includes inserting the cable seal and cable through an entrance of a generally u-shaped cable entry point of a side of an enclosure and positioning the cable seal within the cable entry point such that the cable seal protrudes from opposite surfaces of the side. An outer gasket seals between the surfaces of the side of the enclosure and the cable seal.

Abstract: A modular electrical wiring component comprises includes a wiring module having a wiring portion for coupling to a source of electrical power and a user-accessible portion configured to accept and provide electrical power to a functional module that provides a selected electrical distribution function, wherein the wiring module is configured to accept the functional module without access to the wiring portion. The modular electrical wiring component also comprises includes an adjustable plaster ring configured to couple to the wiring module and to an electrical junction box, wherein the adjustable plaster ring provides a variable distance between the electrical junction box and the wiring module.