Abstract: A device suitable for dispensing a liquid substance, such as an ophthalmological substance, including a container; a dispenser for dispensing the substance and which includes a piston element, loaded by the pressure of the pressurized substance so as to adopt a standby position by default that prevents the preloading chamber from being flooded by a dose of the substance; and a valve element capable of enabling a connection between the preloading chamber and the outside. The device has an actuation mechanism that sequentially compresses a volume of air used for moving the piston element from the standby position thereof, allowing a dose of the substance to flood the preloading chamber to subsequently mechanically actuate the valve element and simultaneously enable the connection to the outside of the preloading chamber as well as of the volume of air previously used for moving the piston element from the standby position thereof.

Abstract: A fluid dispenser pump has a fluid reservoir, and a pump that has a pump chamber with a piston that moves within the pump chamber to pump fluids out a dispensing orifice. The pump has a priming air channel that fluidly connects the reservoir to the pump chamber and is separate from the fluid channel that connects the reservoir to the pump chamber. With non-sterile fluids, such as medicine, the air channel cannot displace the air to the exterior of the dispenser, but must displace it to the reservoir where it assists in priming the fluid channel.

Abstract: A hand-held dispenser for dry granular materials consists of a reservoir for the material, a removable telescoping rigid tube assembly, and a flexible valve assembly at the bottom of the tube assembly which allows passage of material when the inner tube is pushed into the outer tube. The reservoir includes a handle which allows the apparatus to be hand-held with the valve assembly end pointed downward. The inner tube is rigidly attached to the removable reservoir and can be pumped up and down to a pair of stops to dispense a measured amount of material at the bottom end of the telescoping tubes. The flexible valve can be constructed of a rubber sheet with radial fingers or spring loaded closure which will flex open to dispense material when the inner tube is pushed downward, but will not allow material to flow by gravity alone.

Abstract: A pump comprising a tubular body delimiting internally a metering chamber and comprising an inlet orifice, an inlet valve, a stem mounted so as to be able to move inside the body and comprising an actuation tube delimiting an outlet duct, an insert assembled to the actuation tube and comprising a base placed inside the metering chamber and facing the inlet orifice, and a discharge orifice, an annular piston mounted so as to slide inside the body and on the stem, the piston and the base comprising annular surfaces suitable for forming a discharge valve, a ball-and-socket joint being arranged between the insert and the actuation tube.

Abstract: An automated staining system and a reagent container designed for use with the automated staining apparatus. The reagent container includes a reagent containment section capable of containing a volume of a reagent. The reagent containment section includes an upper wall and a base wall that are spaced apart along an axis. The base wall includes a well having a nadir that is aligned axially with an access opening in the upper wall so that a reagent probe entering the opening parallel to said axis will travel toward the nadir. In another aspect of the invention, the reagent container may include a two-dimensional data element containing reagent information. The staining apparatus may include one removable drawer for holding reagent containers and another removable drawer holding slides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dispenser (1) for liquid and/or pasty masses, comprising a pump chamber (9) with an inlet (10) and an outlet valve (11) and a dispenser head (12), wherein the dispenser head (12) is provided with an essentially cup-shaped lower piece (8), forming a separating wall to a reservoir (2) with a return spring (5) arranged between the lower piece (8) and the dispenser head (12) which is supported at one end on the dispenser head (12) and on the lower piece (8) at the other end. According to the invention, a conventional dispenser may be improved by provision of a recessed groove (26) running in the lower piece (8) through the separating wall, radially external to the seat of the return spring (5) on the lower piece (8) in which a cover for the dispenser head (12) may be housed on operation.

Abstract: A liquid crystal dispensing apparatus includes a container to contain liquid crystal, a discharge pump, and a nozzle to dispense liquid crystal from the discharge pump onto a substrate. The discharge pump has a separably formed case, a cylinder received in the case, a piston inserted into the cylinder and having a groove at a lower portion such that the piston draws in and discharges liquid crystal by rotating and moving up-down, and a suction opening and a discharge opening through which liquid crystal is to be respectively drawn in and discharged as the piston is moved.

Abstract: A portable grease gun with a dual pressure output capability which can be selectively changed by the user with little effort. The larger diameter plunger is slidable within a plunger retainer. The larger diameter plunger has a bore through them in which a smaller diameter plunger is slidable. The smaller diameter plunger moves when an actuating lever is operated to compress grease in the grease gun. The larger diameter plunger may be adjusted to remain static during operation of the actuating lever or it may be adjusted to move during all or part of the compression stroke of the actuating lever. A high pressure can be generated by movement of the smaller diameter plunger alone, or a high flow volume can be generated by movement of the smaller and larger diameter plungers in unison.

Abstract: A dosing device for at least one medium includes a casing part connectable to a medium reservoir, having a pumping device located in the casing part and an applicator connected to the pumping device. The pumping device is provided with at least one inlet valve, as well as at least one outlet valve associated with the applicator and a stroke-movable pumping body. The casing part, applicator and all parts of the pumping device are provided coaxially to a pumping axis with plug connection sections. The casing part, applicator and the parts of the pumping device can be functionally assembled along the pumping axis to form the dosing device.

Abstract: A portable grease gun with a dual pressure output capability which can be selectively changed by the user with little effort. A larger diameter plunger is longitudinally coupled to an extension. The larger diameter plunger and its extension are variable in length by manual rotation of the extension relative to the larger diameter plunger. The larger diameter plunger is slidable within a plunger retainer over a limited range and is not free to rotate within the plunger retainer. The larger diameter plunger and the plunger extension have aligned bores through them in which a smaller diameter plunger is slidable. The smaller diameter plunger moves when an actuating lever is operated to compress grease in the grease gun. The larger diameter plunger may be adjusted to remain static during operation of the actuating lever or it may be adjusted to move during all or part of the compression stroke of the actuating lever.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lubrication system for a mechanism (27), on-board a spacecraft. It comprises a non pressurized tank (20) communicating with the mechanism (27) via a tube (220). A piston (23) closes the tube (220) while the mechanism is at rest. The piston (23) is controlled by a first spring (5) and by a second, shape memory, spring (24) opposing the latter, which lengthen by thermal effect. A controller (25, 26) supplies this spring with a current (I) to actuate it. An annular element(7), pushed by a cylindrical spring (6), defines a capillarity filled pumping chamber (22). When the temperature of the shape memory alloy (24) falls back below a threshold, the spring (24) recovers its original shape, the first spring (5) pushes back the piston (23) and expels a dose of lubrication fluid (4).

Abstract: A dispenser gun for selectively dispensing controlled quantities of viscous or semi-viscous materials, and in particular liquid pesticides or insecticides, employs a vacuum driven operating system for discharging and reloading the viscous or semi-viscous materials to be discharged. The dispenser gun is designed to create pressure differentials in adjoining chambers which, in conjunction with a cooperating valve system, enables the discharge of precisely metered quantities of material and prevents continued and undesired discharge or dripping from a discharge nozzle after a preselected quantity of material has been discharged from the dispenser gun. The handle of the device includes structure for pre-selecting one or more predetermined quantities of material to be discharged from the dispenser in repeatable sequences. The dispenser gun also includes structure for removably receiving a replaceable reservoir of viscous or semi-viscous material to be discharged from the gun.

Abstract: A pump for delivering a fluid contained in an elastic phial includes a pump body and a movable piston fitted inside the pump body. The front end of the pump body is located on a fluid-outlet side, and the front end includes an outlet orifice (11) sealed off by an elastic membrane (24). The outlet orifice is connected to a pump duct (18) inside the pump body, and the pump duct 18 is in turn connected to a fluid-inlet orifice (15). An end (2) of the movable piston is hermetically fitted within the pump duct (18) with slight friction, and the displacement of the end (2) of the piston relative to the portion of the pump body between the inlet orifice (15) and the a stop position (16) near the outlet orifice (11) determines the quantity of fluid expelled from the pump body. The inlet orifice allows a predetermined quantity of fluid to be trapped at the end of the pump duct (18) before being expelled through the outlet orifice (11).

Abstract: A creamy substance dispenser is formed from a small number of components of easy and economical construction and assembly. The dispenser includes a main body defining a metering chamber communicating with a creamy substance container, within the chamber there being sealedly slidable a piston from which is projected a hollow stem extending into a hollow appendix projecting from a skirt rigid with the main body. The appendix is provided with a discharge hole closable by the end of said stem and biased by a spring, the stem freeing said discharge hole when made to translate by manual action.

Abstract: An apparatus dispenses flowable material from a source and includes a dispensing nozzle that reciprocates along an axis. A metering assembly includes a metering cylinder, a metering element reciprocally movable in the interior of the metering cylinder and a switching valve to switch the metering assembly between a metering mode wherein material flows into the metering cylinder and thereby displaces the metering element and a discharge mode. A metering element drive moves the metering element into the metering cylinder during the discharge mode to displace material thereby to dispense material through dispensing nozzle. A lift bracket is mounted for common equidistant movement with the metering element, and the dispensing nozzle is interconnected to the lift bracket for equidistant movement in one direction.

Abstract: A chemical irritant dispenser includes an in line nozzle, chemical canister and actuator, whereby the dispenser may held in the palm of the hand with the actuator between the thumb and forefinger and the nozzle at the heel of the hand, the dispenser further including a safety lock at the actuator end, the safety lock configured to be moved between the latched and unlatched positions by an upward movement of the thumb and the actuator configured to be operated by a forward movement of the thumb, without repositioning the dispenser in the hand.

Abstract: A discharge head has an operating cap and a discharge connection for fitting on the operating shaft of a discharge apparatus. The discharge head has a shaft over most of its length positioned in contact-free manner within an outer sleeve of the discharge connection, and which is provided with a connecting member for fitting on the operating shaft. The other shaft end of the discharge head shaft is only fixed by press fit in a short inner sleeve and forms a nozzle core, and at the end a free-standing end wall, at which the medium is transversely deflected from a central portion of an outlet channel and is supplied via longitudinal channels to a discharge opening.

Abstract: A water-shooting toy configured as a bow and arrow comprises a self-contained water pump sub-assembly and a case assembly. The pump sub-assembly includes a cylinder defining a pump chamber, a piston having a rod extending out from a body and a handle that is grasped by a user for manual operation of the pump. A nozzle is joined to the other end of the cylinder and has an opening that forms a stream of water upon operation of the pump. A one-way valve in the discharge passage permits water to flow through the discharge passage only from the pump chamber to the nozzle and prevents induction of air into the pump chamber through the nozzle inlet passage. A water passage into the pump chamber has a one-way inlet valve that admits water to the pump chamber upon the intake stroke of the pump and prevents discharge of water through the inlet passage upon the delivery stroke.

Abstract: A dispenser is disclosed herein having a paste container removably mounted in a stationary base with a dispensing nozzle for discharging paste therethrough. In one version, the paste container is pressurized by use of a removable air pump while in another version, a mechanical pump extracts paste into and through the nozzle. In either version, a brush-operated lever actuates a mechanism coupled to the nozzle for selectively releasing the pressurized paste.

Abstract: A lower end of a first hollow cylinder is connected to an upper end of a second hollow cylinder. A first outer hollow stem has an intermediately disposed first external enlargement disposed within the first cylinder. A hollow vertical main piston is vertically slidable within the first cylinder. A second inner stem extends upwardly through the main piston and through a bore in the first stem. A space between an upper section of the second stem and the first stem defines a vertical fluid discharge path. An upper end of an integral lower vertical section of the second stem engages the lower end of the main piston so that a horizontal channel extends between the lower section and the lower end of the main piston and connects the region between the lower section and the inner wall of the first cylinder to the fluid discharge path. A fluid discharge port is formed between the upper ends of the first section and the inner stem.

Abstract: A pasty product dispenser (1) comprising a body defining a chamber for storing at least one main pasty product and pumping system defined by a wall surmounting the storage chamber and by an intake valve member, the wall carrying on the side of the storage chamber a separator tube enclosing the valve member and comprising passages for at least one secondary pasty product contained between the separator tube and the body, the passages being outside the separator tube, the wall having a rotating cover with traversing apertures, rotation of the cover progressively masks or exposes the passages, the apertures being occluded by the valve member when it is in its low position.

Abstract: A liquid dispensing device having a pump carrying the internal mechanism disposed in a container part of the device. The pump has a flange which rests on the upper edge of the container and which is connected to an outer bush member. The bush member is fitted on an outer bearing surface of the wall of the container in radial sealing engagement therewith. The pump includes a venting passageway for connecting the interior of the container to the atmosphere during dispensing of the liquid. In assembling the device, the pump and bush member are first connected together and then connected to the container with the pump in a position to maintain the passageway open to the interior of the container.

Abstract: A finger operated pump dispenser employing interconnected upper and lower cylinders, first and second pistons disposed in the upper and lower cylinders, a hollow sleeve, and a stem which extends upwardly through the first piston into the sleeve. The first cylinder, the stem and the two pistons define a pump chamber which is filled with fluid. When the dispenser is actuated, fluid is displaced from the chamber into the second cylinder and a port is opened. The port can be made to open at the moment that all of the fluid is displaced into the second cylinder. Once the port is opened, the fluid is discharged and further piston movement enables fluid to be pulled upward out of the container secured to the dispenser via an opening formed between the second piston, stem and inner wall of the second cylinder refilling the chamber. The motions of pistons, stem and sleeve are so controlled that accurate dosage is produced independently of the method of actuation.

Abstract: An improved container closure and dosing pump or syringe has a piston formed with a truncated cone-shaped face. A spring-biased operator yieldably holds the piston sealed deeply in a dosing chamber from which it can be shifted to project essentially by the height of the truncated piston face to completely scavenge the chamber. The device is formed of only three injection molded plastic parts and a return spring, to effect inexpensive production.

Abstract: A liquid dispenser pump including a pump housing, a piston movable within the pump housing, a seal including a resilient wall disposed about the piston, and a reinforcement member for urging the resilient seal wall outwardly into fluid-tight engagement with the pump housing.

Abstract: An improved modular lotion pump for dispensing personal products such as lotions, creams, etc., and a method of assembling same is disclosed. The modular pump is formed of several subassemblies that are subsequently assembled to form the modular pump assembly. A cap having means for attachment to a container from which material is to be dispensed may be snap fit onto the modular pump. The pump includes a rotatable locking sleeve for preventing leakage even if the container is squeezed or stepped upon by a consumer and for changing the orientation of the actuator. The actuator may be rotated relative to the locking sleeve to prevent accidental dispensing.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a spray bottle in which the pressure resulting from the gripping force applied by the user is amplified and this increased pressure used in generating a spray such as an aerosol or fluid stream. In its preferred embodiment, the invention includes a high pressure chamber and a corresponding piston which is operative for driving fluid out of this chamber at high pressure through a spray nozzle and a low pressure chamber and a corresponding piston which is acted upon the hydraulic pressure within the bottle resulting from the gripping force. The low pressure chamber and piston are of larger size than the high pressure chamber and piston. The pistons are rigidly connected so that the force created by the pressure acting on the piston in the low pressure chamber is transmitted to the piston in the high pressure chamber where it is applied over a more limited area thereby generating greater hydraulic pressure for use in forming the spray.

Abstract: A distributor for pasty products having a sliding piston and a distribution head. The distribution head has a tubular, deformable pumping member, an actuator acting on the pumping member and an expelling valve. An upper end of an upper tube of the pumping member forms an annual end edge. The expelling valve has a flexible disk with a periphery kept in engagement with the end edge of the tube by a central bearing member of the disk. The bearing member is connected to the actuator, the flexible disk and the end edge of the tube.

Abstract: A dispenser for pasty compositions, having a housing within which a piston displaceable in only the direction of emptying is arranged. An actuator enables a headpiece to act on a restorable wall which can be pressed in the direction towards the piston, the headpiece having a dispenser outlet opening. The wall forms an outlet tube the opening of which is coordinated to the outlet opening, and on which opening a stopper is formed which closes the outlet opening. The outlet opening is formed in the front side actuator and the actuator can act on the wall by means of the lever transmission.

Abstract: A relatively low cost, manually actuated pressure build-up pump sprayer to be interfaced with a liquid container for atomizing and spraying any one of a variety of different liquids which may be stored within the container. The pump sprayer is characterized by a fewer number of components and a higher speed of assembly than that by which most conventional sprayers are characterized. The pump sprayer is also characterized by a single, axially and continuously extending pressure chamber and a continuously extending pair of bores having different diameters relative to one another. Moreover, the sprayer includes a number of seals which may be selectively opened and closed at particular times during the stroke cycle so as to provide the reliable venting and efficient priming in response to a lower actuating force.

Abstract: A dispensing device for fluid products, such as dairy products, has a coaxially positioned valve cylinder inside a dispensing cylinder, both connected at their upper end to the product source. The dispensing piston is in the form of a ring piston which slides on the valve cylinder. The two pistons are fully immersed in product, and air entrainment is prevented.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dispenser for paste-like products which is characterized by a particular simple construction of its dispensing mechanism requiring a reduced number of components. Integrally connected to a supply container of the dispenser is a cylinder body slidably supporting a dispensing piston connected to an actuator cap guided on the cylinder body. The dispensing piston cooperates with the cylinder body to define a pump chamber communicating with the interior of the supply container through a non-return valve. On the other side the bottom portion of the dispensing piston is provided with a non-return valve for establishing communication of the pump chamber with a tubular section carrying the dispensing piston and at the same time acting as an outlet passage for the paste-like product. The tubular section is integrally connected to the actuator cap, the latter being biased towards a rest position by a return spring supported on a fixed counterstop, particularly on the cylinder body.

Abstract: A liquid dispensing unit is described. The unit includes a first valve element that is held within a liquid passageway by a first spring mechanism. This spring mechanism is designed to yield under pressure to allow the first valve element to move off a valve seat in the opening to allow liquid to pass through. In order to allow air that is trapped on the downstream side of the valve element to escape, air vents are provided in the first valve element. A second valve element is held under compressive force by a second spring over air vents located in the first valve element.

Abstract: Process for injecting a minute volume of a solution from a nozzle device by positive pressure applied from a source of compressed air with or without positive pressure applied in parallel from a cylinder device, comprising applying the positive pressure from the compressed air source at least in a final period of injection. The process enables in injecting minute volumes of solution to remarkably decrease the injection error due to a small fraction of solution remaining at the lower end of the nozzle and can be applied to advantage to those apparatus for analyses and measurements which strictly require precision in injection.

Abstract: A pneumatically operated pump for dispensing controlled shots of paste material includes a disposal paste syringe tube having a ferrule with an axial dispensing hole centered in the bottom. An axial movable plunger extending through the length of the syringe normally fits into and blocks the dispensing hole, but when the punger is lifted a predetermined amount, the paste under a small pressure flows into the space and, when a driver returns the plunger to its normal position, the paste column is shot through the dispensing hole. The driver for moving the plunger includes a spring loaded diaphram center connected to the drive end of the plunger. Applied air pressure against the diaphragm lifts the plunger and compresses the spring. On release of the pressure, the spring rapidly drives the plunger back to its normal position to dispense a small column of paste.

Abstract: A dispenser or delivery apparatus for flowable media, particularly very viscous or gel-like media, has a dosing chamber body (38) located within the stored medium and the body (38) moves backwards and forwards over part of the pump stroke of the pump piston (10) of a thrust piston pump (8). Body (38) defines the piston bath (53) for pump piston (10) surrounding pump chamber (59) and the valve body (48) of an intake valve (47) for pump chamber (59). Accompanied by reliable filling of pump chamber (59) and small piston paths, this leads to a very accurate dosing of the medium quantity discharged per piston stroke.

Abstract: A vacuum-tight and pressure-tight closed storage space in a container is constructionally combined with a thrust piston pump projecting thereinto and a drag piston slidably guided therein and in the initial position of the thrust piston pump is hermetically sealed by an exhaust valve mechanically closed in forcibly controlled manner. The drag piston is adapted to the thrust piston pump in such a way that the storage space can be emptied substantially free with the thrust piston pump.

Abstract: A dispenser comprises a container having a movable wall in the form of a plunger and an opposite fixed wall opening into a dispensing nozzle. Dispensing is actuated by a fixed dispenser mechanism having an operating rod with a pusher plate. The pusher plate is biased in the retraction direction by a spring, and a bayonet coupling is provided for holding a base portion of the container in relation to a socket of the dispenser mechanism.

Abstract: A dispensing pump of the pressure accumulating type includes a reciprocable plunger/accumulator having a discharge valve coaxial with an inlet check valve carried by a stationary pump piston, the valves bearing directly against one another so as to close each other at the end of the plunger downstroke to thereby control the output of the pump.

Abstract: A pressure multiplying dispenser for delivering fluid, preferably as a spray to the atmosphere, from a source of fluid, preferably a spray bottle, is described. The dispenser includes in combination a hollow cylindrical member, a nozzle delivery tube within the cylindrical member and a hollow actuator piston slideable within the cylindrical member which acts to multiply the pressure of a squeeze applied to the spray bottle.

Abstract: A dispensing device is disclosed which includes a tubular body having front and rear ends, the body having a central bore which narrows at the front thereof to form a tip. A piston is slidable in the bore, the bore space in the body forward of the piston defining a chamber. A supply bottle is removably mounted at the rear of the piston. The piston has a communicating passage between the bottle and the chamber. A first one-way valve means restricts flow in the communicating passage to occur only from the bottle toward the chamber. Also, a second one-way valve means restricts flow as between the chamber and the tip to occur only from the chamber toward the tip. The first one-way valve means includes a hollow valve body having one end which opens into the chamber and at least one port which communicates between the communicating passage and the inner region of the valve body.

Abstract: A tapping lubricant dispenser apparatus is provided for use in numerically controlled automatic toolchanger machining systems to dispense tapping lubricant into a previously drilled hole before tapping. The tapping lubricant is usually a viscous tapping compound of the consistency of paste, grease or the like. The apparatus includes a toolholder of the type to fit into the machine spindle, a reservoir for a supply of lubricant--typically sufficient to run unattended for several complete cycles, e.g. at least one shift--and a reciprocating pump that dispenses the lubricant responsive to actuation by the numerical control system when the toolholder of this apparatus is fitted into the machine tool spindle. The reservoir reloads the pump after each dispensing action. The numerical control and toolchanger system is programmed to select the apparatus, put it in the spindle, align same with the hole to be tapped, and causes pump reciprocation and dispensing and then remove the apparatus from the spindle.

Abstract: In an apparatus to apportion and dispense dough, wherein dough is discharged through an outlet having a lower, circumferential cutting edge and is cut off by a piston having an upper, circumferential cutting edge, the piston has an upper, integral, coaxial boss, which has a convex, frusto-conical surface extending upwardly and being spaced from the cutting edge of the piston. Also, an annulus providing the outlet has a concave, frusto-conical surface, which flares upwardly.

Abstract: A container for holding a viscous liquid medium and from which the same may be selectively dispensed in a desired amount includes a rigid body having a deformable top portion and carrying a dispensing mouthpiece. The application of an inwardly-directed force to the mouthpiece deforms the container top portion and causes displacement of the mouthpiece partially into the container interior such that valve openings in the mouthpiece that are normally disposed sealingly within a valve body in the interior of the container are carried to a position remote from and clear of the valve body to clear the valve openings and permit a dispensing flow of liquid through the mouthpiece and thereby out of the container body.

Abstract: A container having an opening in its top by which it may be filled with liquid and an opening in its bottom through which liquid may be expelled. The bottom opening is covered by the distal end part of a first rod which is surrounded by a gasket; the first rod is connected to a first piston within a first cylinder. The first cylinder forms a second rod which is connected to a second piston within a second cylinder. The rods and pistons are so arranged that a downward force on the second rod causes the first rod to rise allowing liquid to be dispensed from the bottom opening.

Abstract: A dispensing syringe comprising telescopically engaged inner and outer sleeves or cylinders having corresponding dispensing ends and open receiving ends, an insert cup extends across and is positioned in the outer cylinder at its dispensing end, and a pair of identical resilient seal diaphragms engaging the outer surfaces of the dispensing end of the inner cylinder and of the insert cup for flow of material through the syringe in one direction. The seal diaphragms are of the same constructions for resilient engagement with the ends of the inner sleeve and the insert cup.

Abstract: A grease gun having a hollow cylindrical body closed at one end and threadedly engaged at the other end with a removable delivery nozzle. Within the cylindrical body there is a central push rod having one end extending through a central aperture in the closed end thereof which is slidably retained to a plunger within the body by means of a locking ring, and a barrel spring around the push rod adapted to be compressed during retraction of the push rod and its associated plunger. The push rod comprises a circumferentially recessed groove between the locking ring and exposed end and an elongated detent portion in spaced relation to the circumferentially recessed groove near the exposed end. The removable delivery nozzle includes a central bore and a check valve therein adapted to be biased by the pressure of the grease in the cylindrical body in order to permit the passage of the grease therefrom into the removable delivery nozzle.