Abstract: A laser based water heating element formed from at least two components, e.g., a shaft and a laser beam generator, wherein the shaft and laser beam generator of the laser based water heating element are axially aligned, i.e., the shaft is centered on the laser beam generator, where the laser beam generator is a self-contained green, infrared and red-line laser module with an integrated laser driver circuit, optics and laser diode such that, in operation, the laser beam generator generates a laser beam with an output power that is sufficient to cause the shaft to generate radiant heat and thereby cause the temperature of water within a water heater to rise.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus includes an outdoor unit, a heat medium relay unit, and an indoor unit. The outdoor unit is installed in an outdoor space, which is a space outside a building including an air-conditioned space. The heat medium relay unit is installed in the outdoor space, and includes a housing that accommodates an intermediate heat exchanger. The indoor unit includes a load heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between air and a heat medium. The housing is installed to the outer wall of the building.

Abstract: A method is provided for heating an electrically conductive fluid, including steps of: (i) circulating the fluid in a circuit from an inlet to an outlet, through an inlet path of the circuit in which the fluid flows in a first average direction and an outlet path of the circuit in which the fluid flows in a second average direction substantially opposite to the first direction; (ii) subjecting the fluid to a specific ohmic heating while the fluid flows through the outlet path; and (iii) transferring heat from the fluid flowing through the outlet path to the fluid flowing through the inlet path by thermal conduction through an at least partially first electrically insulated partition wall. An associated heating device is also provided.

Abstract: In order to solve the numerous problems with existing steam, vacuum, and hot water heating systems, presented are novel systems and methods of vapor vacuum heating having several improvements over the prior art, including: condensate return which can operate without steam traps; naturally-induced vacuum; improved vacuum pump operation for sustaining vacuum in such systems; liquid lift apparatus for use with such systems; and other improvements. All innovations presented herein make vapor vacuum heating more efficient and economical for industrial, commercial, and home applications. A field test conducted with these innovations show results of about 26-50% reduced energy usage, implying significant energy savings from the use of the present invention over current heating systems.

Abstract: The building heat exchange system is suited for installation in areas having warmer seasonal climates. The system can include an external solar heated water supply, and an indoor water heater. An enclosure extends around the water heater, with indoor air flowing between the enclosure and water heater to a duct for distribution. During cooler conditions the water heater heats incoming water from the relatively cool external water supply, with the warmth of the water heater warming the air for distribution into the bathroom or other area as desired. In warmer times, the water supplied from the water supply can be sufficiently hot that additional heating is not needed, and can be hotter than desired. In such warmer conditions, the water heater can serve as a radiator, with heat radiated from the water heater being absorbed by air flowing past the water heater and expelled to the external environment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a portable boiler for a hot mat, which comprises: a water reservoir, one side of which has an inlet pipe for introducing water circulating through the hot mat, and which stores the water; a heat transfer unit in which the water discharged from the water reservoir flows along a flow channel pipe to be heat exchanged, wherein the water is discharged to the hot mat via an outlet pipe formed at one side thereof; a heating unit which burns the fuel gas fed from a fuel tank to heat the water in the heat transfer unit; and a housing which forms the outer appearance of the boiler.

Abstract: In the heat utilization installation (1) according to the invention several heat sources (2) are included which are provided each with a jet pump (16), (17), (18), (19). The heat sources (2) are connected to a heat carrier circuit system (7) which includes a single, central circulating pump or circulating pump unit (20). The individual jet pumps (16) to (19) are so controlled for the respective heat sources (2), the required operating temperatures with respect to temperature difference between the outlet and inlet and the flow volume are maintained or achieved. With the possibility of independent control of the flow volumes at the various heat sources (2), uniform fluid temperatures as required for a buffer store (22) or heat consumers can be maintained.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a boiler for boiling water to produce steam, having (1) an evaporating section comprising (a) a combustion chamber for burning fuel with air and generating hot flue gas, (b) an evaporating heat exchanger around the combustion chamber for exchanging heat between the flue gas and water to produce the steam which exits the boiler; and (2) a condensing section comprising (c) a condensing heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the hot flue gas from the combustion chamber and a low-temperature water return having a temperature below approximately 100° F., generating flue gas condensate, which leaves the boiler, wherein the low-temperature water return is heated by the hot flue gas in the condensing heat exchanger before entering the evaporating heat exchanger for additional heating. The disclosed vacuum condensing boilers make vapor vacuum steam more efficient and economical for industrial, commercial, and home applications.

Abstract: In order to solve the numerous problems with existing steam, vacuum, and hot water heating systems, first presented is a novel system and method for a vapor vacuum system having low temperature condensate return which can operate without steam traps in both single-pipe and dual-pipe configurations. Secondly is disclosed systems and methods for integrating the disclosed vapor vacuum system with a condensing boiler. Thirdly is presented several systems and method of operating radiators having low temperature condensate return with the disclosed vapor vacuum system. Finally is presented condensing vacuum boiler designs that can be utilized with the disclosed vapor vacuum system. Also presented are embodiments having naturally-induced vacuum and utilizing district heat as well as combined heat and power. All innovations presented herein make vapor vacuum steam more efficient and economical for industrial, commercial, and home applications.

Abstract: With an installation construction method for boiler facilities, the boiler facilities comprise a boiler building configured of a steel structure, and a boiler main unit suspended within the boiler building from the upper portion of the boiler building. A portion of the boiler building is constructed, a portion of the boiler main unit is suspended from the upper portion of the partially-constructed boiler building, and while the remaining steel structure portions are being added to the partially-constructed boiler building so as to construct the boiler building, the remaining portions of the boiler main unit are added to complete the boiler main unit.

Abstract: Methods and Systems for controlling boiler systems are disclosed. In one illustrative embodiment, a derivative action control is used reduce the likelihood of overshoot from a newly activated boiler. When a newly activated boiler becomes active, the boiler is held at a low firing rate for a predetermined period of time. The predetermined period of time may be cut short or even entirely eliminated under certain conditions. The methods and devices are further adapted for use in multi-stage boiler systems. In one embodiment, only the first stage of a multi-stage boiler system that becomes active is held at the low firing rate.

Abstract: A co-generation system is provided that includes a heat exchanger that heats water; a heat transfer path connected with the water heat exchanger that transfers heat; a hot water storage tank connected with the water heat exchanger and the water circulation path; a hot water storage water supply apparatus that supplies water in the hot water storage tank to the water circulation path; a water supply path connected with the water circulation path; a water supply apparatus that supplies water to the water supply path; and a hot water supply heat exchanger bypassing apparatus that bypasses the water supplied to the water circulation path from the hot water storage tank through the hot water supply heat exchanger.

Abstract: A water heater for heating potable water used in a boat or vehicle. Exhaust heated by the burner of the water heater is discharged from the burner and is conveyed through an exhaust duct which extends through a water jacket surrounding the burner and which water jacket holds the potable water to be heated. The potable water is heated by the burner and also by the hot exhaust gases in the exhaust duct. Operating components are accessible from one end of the water heater.

Abstract: An improved central heating reservoir (42) for use with central heating systems of the type having a boiler and a pump. The reservoir (42) is connected in line and has a liquid inlet (43) offset from an associated liquid outlet (44). Offsetting the inlet and outlet dissociates a reduced pressure level at the outlet from an emergency valve (41) allowing the system to operate at higher speeds.

Abstract: A heating system having a steam generator or water heater, at least one economizer, at least one condenser and at least one oxidant heater arranged in a manner so as to reduce the temperature and humidity of the exhaust gas (flue gas) stream and recover a major portion of the associated sensible and latent heat. The recovered heat is returned to the steam generator or water heater so as to increase the quantity of steam generated or water heated per quantity of fuel consumed. In addition, a portion of the water vapor produced by combustion of fuel is reclaimed for use as feed water, thereby reducing the make-up water requirement for the system.

Abstract: A heating system for a building comprises a boiler and radiators to which hot water is supplied from the boiler, in which at least some of the return water flow from the radiators, typically at 6° C., circulates through a first heat exchanger to cool the exhausting products of combustion, means is provided to direct a small part of the return water flow through at least one heat exchanger which gives up heat to the building and/or to the boiler heating the water for heating he building, to cool the diverted water to well below the dew point, and means is provided to supply the cooled water to a second heat exchanger through which the already cooled exhaust products of combustion have to pass after leaving the first heat exchanger, to achieve full condensation of the water vapour content of the products of combustion form the boiler.

Abstract: A combination water heating and space heating apparatus includes a water heating unit and a space heating unit. The water heating unit has a water storage tank, a heating device for heating water stored in the tank, and a first temperature sensor for sensing water temperature. The space heating unit includes a heat exchanger for heating air supplied to an indoor space, a blower for blowing air over the heat exchanger, and a second temperature sensor for sensing air temperature in the space. Heated water is supplied from the tank to the heat exchanger by means of a circulation pump when the second temperature sensor indicates a demand for heat in the space. The apparatus is controlled to give priority to domestic hot water use (e.g., potable water) over space heating use.

Abstract: An integrated injection-pumping fixture for transferring heat from a higher-temperature loop to a lower-temperature loop (e.g., in radiant heating, from a boiler loop to a radiant loop). The fixture provides an injection loop for transferring heat from the higher-temperature loop to the lower-temperature loop. The fixture comprises an integrated casting, in which are formed higher-temperature supply and return ports, lower-temperature supply and return ports, an injection pump volute, and a lower-temperature pump volute. Liquid from the higher-temperature loop enters the integrated casting through the higher-temperature supply port, mixes with liquid circulating in the lower-temperature loop, and leaves the integrated casting through the higher-temperature return port.

Abstract: For the purposes of increasing pilot visibility and comfort in small planes during winter conditions, this invention provides an auxiliary heating system. Prior to actual flight, that is to say that during start up, warm up, taxi and takeoff, a small aircraft does not intake sufficient outside air to warm the cabin and defrost the windshield. The normal heating system on a small plane depends upon ram air when the plane is flying at normal speeds. This invention consists of a simple replacement part, mainly an electric blower which sucks in air from outside the aircraft and forces it through the muffler shroud and thereafter into the cabin and defroster ducts. The system is operated by a switch located on the control panel. Once the aircraft is in flight, the system may be shut off as there is sufficient ram air to heat the small aircraft.

Abstract: A low-pressure energy system is provided that includes a combustion chamber immersed in water within an insulated container. Low-pressure air flow is introduced into one end of the combustion chamber. Fuel, sparks and water are also introduced to the combustion chamber, thereby generating steam and heat. The steam is blown through the combustion chamber to a first radiator, which emits heat and a steam exhaust, which can be used to increase the humidity of the enclosure housing the energy system. The heat generated by the combustion chamber heats the water in the insulated container. The heated water is pumped through a second radiator, thereby extracting additional heat from the system. A fan may be configured to introduce air flow over both the first and second radiators, thereby further improving heat transfer to the ambient air. Water can optionally be omitted from the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The invention provides a fitting-assembly for a central heating system which comprises substantially a heat source, a plurality of heater units, in particular radiators, and a system of supply and return conduits between the heat source and the heater units, characterised in that it comprises one or more first fitting-units that are incorporated into the system of supply and return conduits, each comprising a connection point to a supply conduit and a connection point to a return conduit of the supply and return conduit system between the heat source and the heater units, and one or more second fitting-units (“fitting-block”) that each are functionally connected to a respective first fitting-unit and each enclose a housing in which is contained at least one supply chamber having a connection for a supply conduit from the first fitting-unit and a return chamber with at least one connection for a return conduit to the first fitting-unit, said supply chamber further comprising a connection for coupli

Abstract: A tank for use with a liquid heating vessel of a hydronic radiant heating system to assist in the simultaneous sealing and venting of air from the system where the heating vessel has a flue for release of exhaust, the tank including a liquid holder that is exposed to the atmosphere and an aperture defined in the holder such that the flue of the vessel may extend upward through the aperture of the tank.

Abstract: The present invention increases the efficiency of a heat distribution system, and more specifically steam heating systems designed to maintain a constant temperature in a relatively large space by distributing the steam through pipes assembled with timers to control automatically activated valves installed on the pipes.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a central heating system (10) for heating rooms of one or more buildings (2) with a pipeline network with supply and return lines (18, 20), at least one flow limiter (26) arranged in the pipeline network, a fluid as thermal medium in the pipeline network, several heating circuits (32) each connected to the pipeline network via circuit supply and return lines (24, 30), each circuit having a temperature control valve (28) for regulation/control of room temperature and at least one heating element (22). The invention is characterized in that a flow limiter (26) is inserted into each circuit supply or return line (24, 30), associated with each heating circuit (32).

Abstract: A water heating apparatus having structure for recovering sensible and latent heat from flue gases generated in a heater thereof and transferring the heat to water to be heated. The apparatus has a closed circuit for liquid, such as water, in which are positioned two heat exchangers. One of the heat exchangers is positioned in the heater of the apparatus for transferring heat from a burner of the heater to liquid in the closed circuit. The other heat exchanger is positioned in a water pass-through system to heat the water therein. The apparatus has an air pass-through system for carrying flue gases from the heater out an exhaust pipe. The flue gases travel through a third heat exchanger positioned in the water pass-through system whereby sensible and latent heat from the flue gases are transferred to water in the water pass-through system, further heating the water therein.

Abstract: A heat transfer system for use with a conventional fireplace for radiating heat at a remote location from the fireplace. The heat transfer system includes a network of interconnecting conduit sections charged with an internal fluid medium and consists of a plurality of coils located within the fireplace so that the fluid medium is subjected to heat generated within the fireplace. The conduit network further includes a radiant convection device for convecting the heat generated within the fluid medium to the surrounding area and an expansion tank located on a cool side of the convection device for storing a volume of the medium for subsequent redelivery to the fireplace coils. A series of first, second and third valves are located along the conduit network and separate the fireplace coils and radiant convection device, the convection device and the expansion tank, and the expansion tank and the fireplace coils, respectively.

Abstract: A space heater employs a generally Y-shaped housing. A boiler within the housing contains a working fluid at subatmospheric pressure when at ambient temperature. This reduces the boiling point of working fluid. A series of heat exchangers are mounted in the branch portions of the housing and connected to receive working fluid from the boiler. A blower directs ambient air between the heat exchangers and through the front openings of the housing. A valve can be operated to release pressure from within the boiler and heat exchangers. An electric heating element heats the working fluid within the boiler to a temperature above the boiling point under normal operating conditions. During initial manufacture or repair of the unit, the heating element is activated to heat the working fluid while the valve is open, and then deactivated with the valve is closed to allow the working fluid to cool, thereby creating reduced pressure within the boiler.

Abstract: A heat transfer apparatus is provided with a refrigerant heater, a single container disposed above the refrigerant heater, and the radiator spaced from the container. The container accommodates a partitioning plate for separating the inside of the container into a gas-liquid separating chamber and a liquid-receiving chamber, and a valve body for selectively opening and closing an opening defined in the partitioning plate is disposed within the container. The valve body is driven by an electrically operated driver mounted on the container. The heat transfer apparatus is also provided with a first group of pipes for communicating the refrigerant heater and the gas-liquid separating chamber, and with a second group of pipes for communicating the gas-liquid separating chamber, the radiator, and the liquid-receiving chamber.

Abstract: An oil radiator, particularly for heating rooms, includes a main body defined by a plurality of mutually associated radiating elements in which a diathermic oil heated by an electric resistor circulates. Each radiating element includes a pair of mating shaped plate-like elements joined together by welding to form an oil receiving space therebetween and each having lateral surfaces provided with a series of folds which mate with the corresponding folds of the other plate-like element to define a channel-shaped air flow compartment capable of lowering the surface temperature of the oil radiator below that of the oil contained in the radiator, thus reducing burn injuries caused by inadvertent contact with the radiator. The folds also cooperate to provide the radiator with planar lateral outer surfaces to minimize impact injuries caused by collision with the radiator.

Abstract: An electric forced circulation space heating system has a first heat exchanger provided with electric heating elements for heating a heat exchange fluid, such as antifreeze or oil, pumped through a closed loop including first flow passages of a second heat exchanger having second flow passages in heat exchange relationship with the first flow passages thereof. A blower forces room air through the second flow passages of the second heat exchanger to be heated by the heated liquid flowing through the first flow passages thereof. A third heat exchanger downstream of the second heat exchanger has first flow passages with an inlet receiving heated air from the second flow passes of the second heat exchanger and an outlet for discharge of the heated air into the space to be heated.

Abstract: A heating system with a hot water coil is provided with a variable speed blower whose speed is regulated in response to a sensed load in the system. Heat can therefore be added to the hot water by way of a simple burner system, with the required control being effected by selectively varying the amount of heat that is removed from the hot water by controlling the fan speed. When applied to a zone controlled system, the need for a bypass duct is obviated.

Abstract: An electric heating device warms by radiation and convection. A metal casing holds a quantity of heat-conducting oil, with a remaining relatively small volume of space in the container evacuated of air and occupied by an inert gas under subatmospheric pressure. An electric resistance element in the lower part of the casing heats the oil and is positioned so that the oil circulates by thermal convection. An insulative jacket may be placed around the heater making the device capable of storing and giving off heat for relatively long periods of time.

Abstract: A liquid-filled electric radiator has a rectangular, vertically disposed radiator body with an upper horizontal distribution duct connected to a lower horizontal collection duct by a plurality of vertical connecting ducts within the radiator body. An angularly bent uniform cross section pipe has its free ends connected to the upper and lower ducts at diagonally opposite positions on the radiator body and includes a first section arranged parallel and level with the lower duct in series with a second section parallel to a vertical side of the radiator body. An electric immersion heater housed in the first section heats the liquid filling the ducts, vessel and pipe for circulation through the radiator body and pipe and is controlled by a thermostat positioned in a casing arranged at the lower corner of the radiator body and protected from radiation from the radiator body by a partition protruding from the casing.

Abstract: The mobile apparatus for heating rooms has a radiator comprising a set of radiating elements inside which there flows a superior diathermal fluid, rigidly associated with a supporting body having at least one thermoventilation unit for the delivery of warm air from said body in a direction substantially orthogonal to the radiator.

Abstract: An improved heating unit includes a water storage tank having an immersion heating element, with the water being pumped from the storage tank through the coils of a heat exchanger or condenser element. Ambient air is drawn over the coils and through a venturi transfer means to a hot air blower which then delivers the heated air to desired locations. The venturi duct between the heat exchanger and the blower insures a steady and efficient air flow over the condenser coils.

Abstract: A heat unit recycler for the exchange of air in a room includes an enclosed tank containing a liquid to be heated. A heating mechanism is provided for heating the liquid in the tank and a temperature control is provided for controlling the heating device to maintain the liquid in the tank at a predetermined value. A plurality of heat exchange tubes pass through the tank. A fan at the outlet end of the heat exchange tubes draws room air into the tubes and blows heated room air from the tubes back into the room. A speed control is provided for the fan in order to control the rate of flow of the air moved by the fan. Preferably, a small air space is provided at the top of the tank and a radiator-type pressure cap is also provided at the top of the tank for relieving excess pressure in the tank by movement of air out of and into the air space.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for heating a building, room or any like space characterized in that it combines into a unit a hot-water generator constituted by a fan associated with a water-air exchanger with high thermal inertia, a tank for hot water for sanitary purposes and a hot-water generator connected by a feed line and a return line to an exchanger and to a circuit for reheating the hot water stored in the tank.

Abstract: The hot water heating installation comprises a hearth or combustion space for solid fuels and a heat exchanger arranged above the hearth. The heat exchanger is structured as a closed water jacket. A burner for liquid or gaseous fuels is arranged adjacent the water jacket which forms a combustion flame chamber or space for the neighboring burner. The combustion flame space communicates with a flue. Such a hot water heating installation permits the installation of an oil burner in the living area or space in operable connection with an open fireplace or stove or the like.

Abstract: An electric space heater includes a housing having inlet and outlet openings and enclosing a heat exchange structure having a main tube and a secondary tube communicated by conduit pipes to define a closed space, exhausted of air, in which a working fluid performs a cycle of vaporization and condensation. The main and secondary tubes each have a uniform diameter and are horizontally disposed in parallel relation with the conduit pipes extending upwardly from the main tube to the secondary tube. Extending the entire length of the main tube is a protective pipe enclosing an electric resistance heating element. The working fluid fills the main tube to a level completely immersing the protective tube, the remainder of the closed space being empty. The main and secondary tubes are provided with spaced radiation fins, with the fins on the secondary tube being at a wider spacing than those of the main tube.

Abstract: A portable electrically-powered space heater includes an electrically-powered boiler generating steam at subatmospheric pressure from a mixture of water and ethylene glycol that is circulated through a closed loop heat exchanger, portions of which comprise fin-tube radiators. The boiler is thermostatically controlled by a thermostat located in a chimney into which a downdraft of ambient air is drawn by a fan creating a forced-flow of air over the fin tubes. An automatic temperature-responsive time delay mechanism allows the boiler to get up to its operating temperature before the fan is actuated to draw air across the thermostat. The heater is further characterized by a novel design wherein a pair of upstanding heat exchangers are each housed in branches of a generally Y-shaped housing with a fan located in the stem-forming portion thereof effective to cooperate with the heat exchangers and the double-walled side panels alongside thereof to distribute a curtain of warm air over a 90.degree. or better swath.

Abstract: A low pressure system for extracting heat from the fire combustion zone within a fireplace, wood or coal burning stove, or the like, and for automatically distributing it within a region adjacent to the fire. Preferably the apparatus includes a first heat exchanger adapted to be disposed within the fire combustion zone, and a remote reservoir containing a volume of a preselected working heat exchange fluid, preferably water. The reservoir is vented to the atmosphere and it is in fluid flow communication with an electrical circulating pump which forwards the heat exchange medium under relatively low pressure to the first heat exchanger within the fire combustion zone. A second heat exchanger preferably remotely disposed from the fire combustion zone and the reservoir is in fluid flow communication with the first heat exchanger, and thus warms up in response to circulation of fluid.

Abstract: A hot water heating system wherein an air-to-water heat exchanger is attached to the outside of a jacketed space heater, and a fan draws hot air through an opening in the jacket and downward through the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An electrical water heating device for use in a closed circuit heating system, such as a central heating system, includes a horizontally elongated hollow cylindrical body having a top, bottom and a pair of opposite ends. At least two electric heating elements are mounted opposite to each other on the same horizontal level in the body at both ends thereof and the body has a water outlet and a water inlet centrally located, respectively, in the top and bottom thereof. Two identical T-shaped nozzles are mounted in a symmetrical manner to the inlet and the outlet of the device, respectively, by a short vertical bar of the nozzle. Each nozzle includes elongated closed-end horizontal bar provided with two sets of holes symmetrical with respect to the vertical bar of the nozzle.

Abstract: An economizer is provided for building heating systems and the like, of the type having a forced air furnace with adjacent combustion and heat exchange chambers, and a hot water reservoir or heater. The economizer comprises lower and upper heat transfer coils shaped for positioning adjacent the combustion and heat exchange chambers respectively of the furnace. An insulated standpipe interconnects the two coils, and the outlet of the upper coil is communicated with the inlet of the water heater. During use, water flowing through the economizer is heated in the lower coil and flowed to the upper coil to transfer additional heat to the air flowing through the heat exchange chamber, and simultaneously preheat water fed into the water heater.

Abstract: A central heating system furnace includes a self-contained closed-system steam heating unit mounted in a housing having a cold air inlet and a hot air outlet. The unit includes a plurality of side-by-side radiators arranged above a boiler unit having an electric heating element immersed in a quantity of vaporizable liquid. Each radiator comprises a plurality of tubular, finned, heat exchange risers arranged in a row and extending between upper and lower manifolds. In order to distribute steam evenly among each of the radiators and to prevent unvaporized liquid from entering the risers thereof, a horizontal steam tube communicating with the boiler unit is positioned between the boiler unit and radiators and supplies steam to each radiator through a separate steam distributing member in the lower manifold thereof, each steam distributing member including a plurality of steam discharge tubes extending upwardly into the lower portion of different risers of the radiator to distribute steam evenly.

Abstract: A package heat exchange system using an expanded surface gas-fired burner to supply heat via a heat exchange coil in a dome above the extended surface heat exchanger which heats domestic hot water and supplies heat via the dome to a radiator for heating a living area of a home. A control system provides for utilizing steam from the extended surface heat exchanger to heat the coil in the dome and maintains a first pressure for supplying the domestic hot water and a higher pressure when radiator heat is called for. The heat for domestic hot water may be further heat transferred in a fourth heat exchanger which adjusts the temperature of the domestic hot water. The heat supplied to the radiator may be self-pumping by utilizing steam and the heat to the radiator may be cut off by supplying a control to the return pipe of the radiator which allows the radiator to fill with condensate from the steam.

Abstract: A compact heating and cooling system in which air ducts are connected to a heat exchanger system through which a coolant fluid from a condensing unit or a heating fluid from a compact water heater is selectively directed by a control circuit so that the system may be mounted outside a building to be heated and/or cooled.

Abstract: In a furnace having a boiler in which a pair of spaced electrode plates are supported, electric current is applied to the electrodes to generate steam which flows out of the boiler through a steam conduit to a heat exchanger. A blower forces air across the heat exchanger and out of the furnace through duct work for distribution to the rooms that are to be heated. An equalizer line is connected from the steam conduit to the bottom of the boiler. A return line, having a Hartford loop located above the bottom of the boiler but below the water level of the boiler, returns condensate from the heat exchanger to the boiler through the equalizer line.

Abstract: A miniature heater system has electric immersion heaters in a heating enclosure which forms a compact monoblock composite unit resistant to high pressures. In this unit several horizontal tubes are connected at or near their ends by two vertical distributing tubes, one of which is upwardly extended by a circulating pump and the other by a water-mixing turbulator. The unit, with its control, regulating and safety devices is enclosed in a preferably metallic covering.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heating unit consisting of a boiler chamber in which a two-phase liquid system is placed under a slight vacuum and supplied with a source of thermal energy. The activation of the source of thermal energy causes the lower phase liquid to vaporize and percolate through the upper phase liquid and circulate into a radiator section made up of finned tubes with an air flow being directed thereacross. The air flow absorbs the heat of the vapor which then is directed to the areas to be heated. The vapor continues to circulate into a header where the vapor is condensed back to the liquid state by a plurality of finned condensation tubes inside the header. The finned tubes of the radiator section have 90.degree. elbows extending upwardly into the header to prevent any condensed liquid from returning into the radiator of the system, and directing the vapor toward the coldest side of the header so as to enhance the condenation process.