Abstract: A floor heating system includes a flooring substrate having a heating or cooling element in heat transfer relationship therewith. A heat spreader is in heat transfer relationship with the flooring substrate. The heat spreader includes a layer of flexible graphite material. A floor covering overlies the layer of flexible graphite material. Temperature variations across an exposed surface of the floor covering are reduced by the presence of the flexible graphite heat spreader, thus providing an improved and more uniform heating to the floor and to the room with which the floor is associated.

Abstract: A radiant heat transfer system has one or more radiant elements inserted in a radiant source. Radiant elements convert the combustion products from burning fuel into radiant energy. A radiant element may be formed from one or more ceramics and may be used in radiant sources, such as radiant tubes, immersion tubes, heat exchanger tubes, boiler walls, and other radiant heat applications. Each radiant element has a core section defining a longitudinal cavity enabling the insertion of a positioning mechanism. Each radiant element may have one or more normal and/or tangential wings attached to the exterior of the core section. Each radiant element may produce a more laminar or less turbulent flow of combustion products within the radiant source.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for the heating of porcelaneous stoneware plates for use as an accumulator and a radiant element for heating, comprising the use of porcelaneous stoneware plates having a rear cover of synthetic metal (1), which enable a heating element (3) to be joined to same in such a way as (i) to heat the stoneware plate through the incorporation of any type of electrical resistors (6) or the adjacent incorporation of a container for a fluid (4), such as water or oil, and (ii) to maintain heat irradiation once the actuation of the heater has been stopped.

Abstract: A heating system 1 has a ceramic substrate 2 having a mounting face 2a for mounting an object W, a back face 2b and a side face 2c; a heating means 3 for generating heat from the mounting face 2a of the ceramic substrate 2; and a plate-shaped supporting metal member 4 for supporting the back face 2b of the ceramic substrate 2. According to the system, the thermal deformation of the mounting face upon heating over time may be reduced and the flatness of the object may be maintained at a low value. It is further possible to impart a mechanical strength to the heater sufficient for its handling and to reduce the production cost.