Abstract: Cooktop temperature sensors and methods of operation are provided. An example cooktop appliance includes a cooktop element and a cooktop temperature sensor assembly. The cooktop temperature sensor assembly includes three springs providing support for a platform upon which a cooking vessel rests. The cooktop temperature sensor assembly includes a resistance temperature detector electrically connected to at least two of the three springs. The cooktop appliance includes a processor and a memory. The memory stores instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations. The operations include obtaining from the cooktop temperature sensor assembly a plurality of samples of a temperature. The operations include projecting a future temperature based at least in part on the plurality of samples of the temperature. The operations include controlling the cooktop element based at least in part on the projected future temperature.

Abstract: A universal non-spreading railroad track haulage tie and support therefor characterized by opposed rail supporting channels, coaxially aligned with the rails of a railroad, the channels being secured together and against the rails respectively by a tie gauge rod; including a modification for securing the tie rod and assembly to angle joint bars or splice bar assemblies which are conventionally used in the fitting of standard A.S.C.E. type rails and the like. The invention has particular utility in electric underground railway tracking. It may be affectively adapted to enchanced highway crossings of a railway, to repairs to existing conventional wood tie constructions to curves and switches of the steel railway, etc.