Abstract: A nebulization apparatus includes a nebulization plate, a piezoelectric driving device connected to the nebulization plate for vibrating the nebulization plate, a liquid droplet conveying pipe located below the nebulization plate, a water tank for containing the liquid droplet conveying pipe and an active water supply device connected to the liquid droplet conveying pipe and the water tank. The active water supply device supplies working liquid to the liquid droplet conveying pipe, such that the droplet is attracted by surface tension and attached onto the nebulization plate to form the camber water film to nebulize the working liquid.

Abstract: A compensating element (30) for an injection valve has a cup-shaped body (32) with a cup base (34) and a recess. Furthermore, the compensating element has a piston (36) which makes a clearance fit in respect of the recess of the cup-shaped body (32) on an axially extending guide segment (41) of the piston (36) and which is arranged at least partially axially moveable with the guide segment (41) in the recess of the cup-shaped body (32). A sealing element (44) is arranged on the side of the guide segment (41) facing away from the cup base (32) and couples the cup-shaped body (32) with the piston (36). A hydraulically and/or pneumatically sealed system is delimited by the cup-shaped body (32), the piston (36) and the sealing element (44). The coupling of the sealing element (44) with the cup-shaped body (32) and/or the piston (36) is friction-fit.

Abstract: The present invention related to an ultrasonic nebulizer apparatus and a method for adjusting an operation frequency and checking an operating state of the ultrasonic nebulizer apparatus. The apparatus according to the present invention comprises a current detecting element for actively detecting an electrical current passed through it early. By detecting the current to determine a resonance frequency and whether deviated from a predetermined normal range, the nebulizer apparatus according to the present invention can check the operating state and operate at the resonance frequency for increasing efficiency and saving power.

Abstract: An electrolytic mist generating device includes electrode parts arranged inside an electrolytic cell, a piezoelectric element that generates mist of electrolytic water, a water supply device that supplies water into the electrolytic cell, and a blowing fan that discharges the mist generated in the electrolytic cell from a mist outlet, so that both production of the electrolytic water and mist generation of the electrolytic water are performed in the electrolytic cell.

Abstract: An ultrasonic atomizer includes a container, a separating membrane and an ultrasonic oscillator. The container defines an inner chamber therein. The separating membrane is disposed in the inner chamber. The separating membrane partitions the inner chamber into a bottom chamber and a top chamber, the bottom chamber is filled with a noncorrosive liquid. The ultrasonic oscillator is received in the bottom chamber and submerged in the liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to an injection valve which has a piezo actuator that is functionally connected to a nozzle needle by a hydraulic transmission device. The hydraulic transmission device is connected to a pressure reservoir by a sealing gap so that the pressure differences between the pressure reservoir and a hydraulic chamber of the hydraulic transmission device are compensated in the long term.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid atomizer for atomizing liquid and applied in an atomizing device having an accommodating space and a through hole. The liquid atomizer includes a vibrating element having a first hole corresponding to the through hole; a spray plate having a plurality of spraying holes corresponding to the first hole and being connected with the vibrating element; and a structure element having a second hole corresponding to the plurality of spraying holes of the spray plate and being connected with the spray plate so that the spray plate is disposed between the vibrating element and the structure element. The vibrating element, the spray plate and the structure element are assembled in the accommodating space of the atomizing device. Liquids are atomized via the spraying holes of the spray plate.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a high performance, vertical, zero-net mass-flux, synthetic jet actuator for active control of viscous, separated flow on subsonic and supersonic vehicles. The present invention is a vertical piezoelectric hybrid zero-net mass-flux actuator, in which all the walls of the chamber are electrically controlled synergistically to reduce or enlarge the volume of the synthetic jet actuator chamber in three dimensions simultaneously and to reduce or enlarge the diameter of orifice of the synthetic jet actuator simultaneously with the reduction or enlargement of the volume of the chamber. The jet velocity and mass flow rate for the present invention will be several times higher than conventional piezoelectric synthetic jet actuators.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ultrasound liquid atomiser comprising: a rigid piezoelectric transducer body (1) having a first end defining an opening and a second end, the inside of the piezoelectric transducer body (1) comprising a cavity for containing a liquid to be atomised and said body (1) further comprising a symmetry axis; a micro-perforated membrane (3) attached on said first end and covering said opening; a piezoelectric member (2, 9) adapted and provided so as to vibrate the piezoelectric transducer body (1); characterised in that the piezoelectric member (2, 9) is located towards said second end in order to vibrate the piezoelectric transducer body (1) in a direction parallel to its symmetry axis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an assembly comprising: at least two independent refills, each comprising a reservoir containing a composition to be diffused or dispensed, and an electronic memory containing an audio and/or video file or a link that makes it possible to download such a file; and a dispenser or diffuser appliance for dispensing or diffusing a composition, said appliance being arranged to receive both refills simultaneously, to read the content of the electronic memory of at least one of the refills, and to diffuse or dispense the composition contained in said refill.

Abstract: Droplet deposition apparatus including at least one droplet ejection unit having a plurality of fluid channels disposed side by side in a row, an actuator, and a plurality of nozzles, said actuator being actuable to eject a droplet of fluid from a fluid channel through a respective nozzle, a support member for said at least one droplet ejection unit, a first conduit extending along said row and to one side of both said support member and said at least one droplet ejection unit for conveying droplet fluid to each of the fluid channels of said at least one droplet ejection unit; and a second conduit extending along said row and to the other side of both said support member and said at least one droplet ejection unit for receiving droplet fluid from each of the fluid channels of said at least one droplet ejection unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a refill for a spray device for spraying at least one scented substance, the refill comprising: a reservoir of elongate shape along a longitudinal axis; and a transporter element for transporting the substance by capillarity, the element being of a shape with a bend, being in contact with the substance in the reservoir and having a dispenser end for dispensing the substance, said end being oriented transversally relative to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An injector includes a nozzle hole, a needle, an actuator, a piston that is displaced in an axial direction according to extension or contraction of the actuator, an outer sleeve holding the piston slidably on its outer circumferential side and defining a pressure chamber expanded or shrunk according to displacement of the piston. When fuel pressure in the pressure chamber is increased upon extension of the actuator, the needle opens the nozzle hole. The injector further includes an inner sleeve slidably fitted around the needle and received in the pressure chamber, an urging device for urging the inner sleeve in the axial direction and for increasing or decreasing its urging force according to displacement of the piston, an engagement surface, and a fuel chamber. A gap between the fuel chamber and the pressure chamber is closed or opened when the inner sleeve annularly engages or disengages from the surface, respectively.

Abstract: In an injector, a first shaft portion of a needle is slidably supported by a first sleeves which is loosely received in a first internal chamber, and a second shaft portion of the needle is slidably supported in a body. Thereby, the first and second shaft portions are supported by the different members, and a relatively large clearance is formed on a radially outer side of the first sleeve.

Abstract: An injector has an inner sleeve between a needle pressure receiving face of a needle and a rear end face of a valve body. The inner sleeve is slidably fitted to an outer periphery of a middle shaft section of the needle. The inner sleeve receives a reaction force of a spring located between the inner sleeve and a pressurizing piston, so an axial tip end (edge section) of the inner sleeve is pressed against the rear end face to achieve close contact therebetween. Thus, a volume of a pressure chamber can be reduced, so a valve opening force for lifting the needle can be acquired efficiently. Accordingly, injection of a large flow rate can be performed by increasing a lift amount of the needle and also quick lifting of the needle can be performed.

Abstract: A liquid discharge device (1) has a pressure chamber (3), a nozzle (4), and a communication path (5) that interconnects the pressure chamber (3) and the nozzle (4). A region that has a specific length L1 and lies from the position (8) of the boundary between the communication path (5) of the pressure chamber (3) toward the nozzle (4) is formed as a narrow section (9) that has an opening area S1 smaller than the opening area S0 of a region closer to the nozzle (4) than the narrow section (9).

Abstract: A fuel injector including a nozzle portion and an electrically actuated valve assembly configured to control a flow of fuel to the nozzle portion. The electrically actuated valve assembly may include a piezoelectric element and a biasing member. The fuel injector also may include a housing with at least a portion of the electrically actuated valve assembly disposed in the housing. The housing may define a cavity between the piezoelectric element and the housing. A thermally conductive material may be disposed at least partially within the cavity and may be configured to transfer heat from the piezoelectric element to the housing.

Abstract: A liquid particle emitting device comprising a first reservoir formed of a perforated top plate comprising at least one aperture; and a base plate opposite said perforated top plate, wherein said perforated top plate and said base plate form the first reservoir comprising an inner volume. Within the inner volume of the first reservoir is at least one deflecting member.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cosmetic assembly comprising: (A) a cosmetic or dermatological composition contained inside a reservoir, said composition being liquid and comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium: (i) from 1 to 90% by weight of a fragrance concentrate; (ii) from 1 to 98.5% by weight of at least one non-volatile solvent for said concentrate having a density of less than 1; (iii) at least from 0.5% to 50% by weight of at least one volatile alcohol for said concentrate; said composition having a viscosity less than or equal to 8 mPa·s; the amounts being defined relative to the total weight of the composition; (B) a spraying device comprising a container containing said liquid cosmetic composition, equipped with a piezoelectric spraying mechanism that makes it possible to spray the cosmetic composition in the form of droplets.

Abstract: A micro-pump for atomizing and including a main-housing, a nozzle plate, at least an actuator, and a liquid transport pipe is provided. The main-housing has a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, an air inlet, and a micro-droplet outlet. The nozzle plate is assembled to the main-housing and has at least one nozzle. The nozzle plate divides the interior of the main-housing into a first chamber and a second chamber. The nozzle and the liquid inlet are connected with the first chamber. The air inlet, the liquid outlet, and the micro-droplet outlet are connected with the second chamber. The actuator is disposed on at least one of the main-housing or the nozzle plate. The actuator drives the nozzle plate, so that liquid is filled into the first chamber and sprayed out through the nozzle into the second chamber. The liquid transport pipe connects the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet.

Abstract: The invention is an apparatus and methods for optimizing the performance and protecting one or more aerosol generating transducers from deterioration while operating in a chemically reactive aqueous solution by utilizing one or more protective barrier techniques to eliminate chemical interaction between the aqueous solution and the transducers. The method of the present invention produces an aerosol producing transducer with the transducer housing and assembly to be constructed in such a way as to assure its efficient and effective long-term and problem free operation in an aqueous solution that is chemically reactive.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a device for generating particles comprising: a perforated plate comprising at least one orifice; an electromechanical transducer operably connected to said perforated plate or an optional base plate; a liquid source comprising: a liquid reservoir; and a liquid conductor in fluid communication with said perforated plate and in fluid communication with said liquid reservoir, said liquid conductor comprising at least one open cell composition and at least one stiff-wick composition, wherein said compositions are affixed to one another by sintering.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for radially cutting tubulars in a downhole environment by emitting acoustic energy into the jet, the acoustic energy having a wavelength selected such that the jet acts as a waveguide, detecting reflected acoustic energy in the jet, and determining the depth of cut from a travel time of the acoustic energy.

Abstract: A micro-spray system resonance frequency modulation method and device designed to minimize resonance frequency drift during atomization involves using a resonance frequency modulation unit for modulating resonance frequency and nodes, controlling and calibrating resonance frequency, and performing real-time measurement and correction to prevent operating frequency from drifting beyond a preferred operating frequency range, with a view to increasing spray flow and spray area, minimizing effects of ambient factors, and overcoming drawbacks of prior art.

Abstract: A fuel injector, in particular a fuel injector for fuel-injection systems of internal combustion engines, includes a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuator which is excitable via an electrical line and actuates a valve-closure member arranged in a housing, the valve-closure member cooperating with a valve-seat surface to form a sealing seat, and an hydraulic coupler. The hydraulic coupler is fixedly arranged between the actuator and a valve-assembly that includes the valve-closure member and the valve-seat surface.

Abstract: An ultrasonic waterjet apparatus (10) has a mobile generator module (20) and a high-pressure water hose (40) for delivering high-pressure water from the mobile generator module (20) to a hand-held gun (50) with a trigger and an ultrasonic nozzle (60). An ultrasonic generator in the mobile generator module (20) transmits high-frequency electrical pulses to a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive transducer (62) which vibrates to modulate a high-pressure waterjet flowing through the nozzle (60). The waterjet exiting the ultrasonic nozzle (60) is pulsed into mini slugs of water, each of which imparts a waterhammer pressure on a target surface. The ultrasonic waterjet apparatus (10) may be used to cut and de-burr materials, to clean and de-coat surfaces, and to break rocks.

Abstract: A liquid dispensing device using a piezoelectric member in connection with an atomizing head and a passive metering method to supply liquid to the atomizing head. Preferably, the device is used to but not limited to dispensing of fragrances, insecticides or other aromatic solutions. The piezoelectric member does not vibrate the nozzle plate through which the liquid is dispensed. The passive metering method relies only on surface tension forces within the supply passageway. The device can work with a wider range of liquid properties than existing piezoelectric devices of this type. The passive metering method is robust and consistent, enabling larger and more varied liquid reservoirs because the reservoir height is not a factor in determining the performance of the device. The atomizing head functions with a wider range of liquids than atomizers whose nozzle plates are directly excited.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for generating an electrochemically activated liquid that is rendered at least partially aerosol.

Abstract: A device for spraying a fluid contains a receptacle for the fluid that is to be sprayed, a first measuring device which allows a fluid level in the receptacle to be measured, a control and/or regulation device which allows the spraying rate to be regulated, and a spraying device which allows the fluid located in the receptacle to be sprayed. The spraying rate is determined from a measured fluid level with the aid of the control and/or regulation device. An adjusting device is provided which allows the desired spraying rate to be adjusted.

Abstract: A method for controlling the supply of liquid to an aerosol generator comprises operating a liquid supply system to supply a liquid to a vibratable aperture plate of an aerosol generator which senses an amount of liquid adhering to the vibratable aperture plate, and controls operation of the liquid supply system to adjust the amount of liquid adhering to the vibratable aperture plate.

Abstract: A method for controlling the displacement of a stack of a piezoelectric actuator adapted for use in a fuel injector in order to control the fuel injection rate and volume. The method comprises driving a varying current through the stack during an opening phase including a first opening stage and a second opening stage; driving the stack during the first opening stage with a first opening current level for a first opening time period and driving the stack during the second opening stage with a second opening current level for a second opening time period. The second opening current level is less than the first opening current level and the current levels are selected so that the fuel injection rate in the opening phase includes a first portion corresponding to the first opening stage having a gradient that is steeper than a second portion corresponding to the second opening stage.

Abstract: A device for emitting volatile compositions comprising a capillary element, a channel in fluid communication with the capillary element, an emitting orifice having a forward tilt from about +5 degrees to less than about +90 degrees, and a decoupled piezoelectric actuator for emitting the volatile composition through the emitting orifice. In some embodiments, the device is a plug-in air freshener and reduces surface deposition and improves scent noticeability through improved containment of perfumes during the rest period.

Abstract: An electrostatic spray gun includes a power supply, an enclosure having a wall and a valve providing access through the wall to evacuate the enclosure. Components of the power supply are housed in the enclosure and subject to the atmosphere within the enclosure.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention is directed to an apparatus for atomizing a fluid. This apparatus includes an atomizing nozzle assembly. The atomizing nozzle assembly includes: a spray applicator enclosure having a fluid entry zone, a flow shape profiler region, a transducer, and a cavitation enhancer module, wherein the cavitation enhancer module includes a residence modulation zone and the residence modulation zone includes a backward facing step region. The apparatus is configured such that fluid can enter the fluid entry zone to the nozzle profiler, the transducer and the cavitation enhancer module. Other embodiments relate to methods for atomizing fluids.

Abstract: A fuel injector for use in an internal combustion engine comprises a first valve member and a second valve member, an injection control chamber for fuel, and a set of nozzle outlets; wherein actuation of the second valve member controls the fuel pressure within the injection control chamber, and actuation of the first valve member is regulated by the fuel pressure within the injection control chamber; and wherein the fuel injector is arranged such that actuation of the second valve member establishes a fuel flow path between the injection control chamber and the set of nozzle outlets. The first valve member may be provided with a first valve bore within which the second valve member is received. An injection nozzle and a method of operating a fuel injector are also described.

Abstract: An economical, dripless, reciprocating atomizer comprised of a piezo bender (20), an atomizer assembly (25), a transport line (23), and a mount body (24). A driver circuit (29) provides the power to drive the piezo bender (20) at sonic and ultrasonic frequencies via a means of electrical connection (21). The vibration is transmitted through the transport line (23) to the atomizer assembly (25) comprised of an active plate (25A) and passive plate (25D) resonating in opposing directions. Pressurized liquid from a liquid supply (30) passes through the transport line (23) and arrives at the atomizing assembly (25) where reciprocating ultrasonic vibration atomizes the liquid. Details of the preferred embodiment as well as additional ramifications are provided and shown.

Abstract: A high volume piezoelectric atomizer for use with common consumer spray products is disclosed. The piezoelectric atomizer may include an actuator, a substrate and a supply of a liquid product to be dispensed. The substrate may include a plurality of tapered perforations in direct contact with the supply of a liquid product. A control circuit vibrates the actuator, substrate and its tapered perforations against the supply at velocities of at least 500 mm/s. Droplets are dispensed at a delivery rate of approximately 0.2 g/s resulting in plumes of at least 2 feet in length resulting in a Valpey factor of at least 51.0.

Abstract: A droplet generation apparatus is applied to a nebulizer. The droplet generation apparatus comprises a vibratable member, a nozzle disc, a housing and a connection member or a fastening plate or both the connection member and the fastening plate. The vibratable member has a first through hole. The nozzle disc has a plurality of apertures facing the first through hole, and is combined with the vibratable member. The connection member is disposed between the vibratable member and the nozzle disc, and has a second through hole corresponding to the first through hole. Alternatively, the fastening plate is combined with the nozzle disc. The housing covers up the combination of the vibratable member, the nozzle disc and the connection member or the fastening plate. Vibration efficiency generated by the vibratable member is improved through the connection member. An accommodation space is formed by the fastening plate and the nozzle disc.

Abstract: An arrangement with a piezoelectric actuator is disclosed, made up of a piezoelectric element with a multilayer construction of piezoelectric layers. The piezoelectric actuator is surrounded by an inner chamber at least surrounding the layers, which filled with a fluid insulation medium. The inner chamber is sealed from a fluid medium in an outer chamber an elastic sleeve which can change shape. The sleeve is sealed with sealing elements being provided at the axial ends thereof in the region of an actuator base and an actuator head. By a shape and/or positional change of the sealing elements, corresponding to the elasticity of the sleeve, a volume equalization in the inner chamber with the insulation medium is achieved.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a fuel injector. The fuel injector may include a casing substantially aligned along a central axis of the fuel injector. The fuel injector may also include a control valve configured to control a flow of fuel through the fuel injector. The fuel injector may also include a piezoelectric element disposed within the casing and associated with the control valve. The fuel injector may further include a motion coupler disposed between the control valve and the piezoelectric element the motion coupler configured to affect shock to reduce microscopic fractures within the piezoelectric element.

Abstract: A fountain system for creating unique water displays or water attractions. The fountain system includes a pump providing water at a flow rate and a plurality of fountain assemblies connected to the pimp outlet. Each of the fountain assemblies includes a nozzle such as a bell or dome nozzle that receives the water from the pump and discharges the water from its outlet in the form of an enclosed dome about the nozzle outlet. The fountain assembly includes a fog generator or fogger such as an ultrasonic transducer, positioned proximate to the nozzle discharging fog into the dome where it is trapped by the laminar flow water in the dome wall. Each fountain assembly includes a light source transmitting light into the dome to illuminate and color the captured fog. The flow rate may be changed to alter the shape and size of the domes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a medical liquid droplet apparatus, which comprises a driving base and a polymeric film. The driving base is capable of providing a vibrating energy. The polymeric film, having a plurality of tiny openings formed thereon, is disposed on the driving base for receiving the vibrating energy so as to generating liquid droplet. By means of the present invention, the embrittled problem due to the high frequency vibration occurred in the conventional nebulizing film or malfunction due to the chemical eroding of the conventional vibrating film can be avoided.

Abstract: A nozzle plate for use with a spray apparatus and a fabrication method thereof are provided. The nozzle plate has a plurality of orifices each including an inlet end and an outlet end. The inlet end and the outlet end have a geometrical structure with mirror symmetry and a centroid with positional deviation from a pattern center. The pattern center is the center of an imaginary circle circumscribed about the geometrical structure. The geometrical structure controls the propagation direction of liquid spray, expands the nebulizing range per unit density of orifices, enables product miniaturization, and saves energy.

Abstract: The present invention provides a medical liquid droplet apparatus, which comprises a driving base and a polymeric film. The driving base is capable of providing a vibrating energy. The polymeric film, having a plurality of tiny openings formed thereon, is disposed on the driving base for receiving the vibrating energy so as to generating liquid droplet. By means of the present invention, the embrittled problem due to the high frequency vibration occurred in the conventional nebulizing film or malfunction due to the chemical eroding of the conventional vibrating film can be avoided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid nebulization system comprising a power supply unit, a signal generating unit, a liquid storage unit and a nebulizing unit. The signal generating unit receives power from the power supply unit to generate a main signal and at least an auxiliary signal, wherein the main signal and the auxiliary signal are added together to constructively and destructively interfere with one another to form a driving signal, further causing the nebulizing unit to nebulize the liquid contained in the liquid storage unit using the driving signal.

Abstract: An ultrasonic waterjet apparatus (10) has a mobile generator module (20) and a high-pressure water hose (40) for delivering high-pressure water from the mobile generator module (20) to a hand-held gun (50) with a trigger and an ultrasonic nozzle (60). An ultrasonic generator in the mobile generator module (20) transmits high-frequency electrical pulses to a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive transducer (62) which vibrates to modulate a high-pressure waterjet flowing through the nozzle (60). The waterjet exiting the ultrasonic nozzle (60) is pulsed into mini slugs of water, each of which imparts a waterhammer pressure on a target surface. The ultrasonic waterjet apparatus (10) may be used to cut and de-burr materials, to clean and de-coat surfaces, and to break rocks. The ultrasonic waterjet apparatus (10) performs these tasks with much greater efficiency than conventional continuous-flow waterjet systems because of the repetitive waterhammer effect.

Abstract: A fuel injector includes a piezoelectric actuator subassembly having a casing and a piezoelectric element disposed within the casing. The piezoelectric element has an operating temperature range and includes a thermally contractive material having a negative thermal expansion coefficient over a second temperature range overlapping with the operating temperature range. A preload control element is coupled with the piezoelectric element and includes a thermally expansive material having a positive thermal expansion coefficient over the second temperature range. The preload control element maintains a constant preload on the piezoelectric element over a wide temperature range to inhibit temperature induced variability in operation, and can axially lengthen in opposition to axial shortening of the piezoelectric element, responsive to a temperature increase.

Abstract: A process for producing a piezoelectric oxide having a composition (Ba, Bi, A)(Ti, Fe, M)O3, where each of A and M represents one or more metal elements. The composition is determined so as to satisfy the conditions (1) and (2), 0.98?TF(P)?1.02,??(1) TF(BiFeO3)<TF(AMO3)<TF(BaTiO3),??(2) where TF(P) is the tolerance factor of the perovskite oxide, and TF(BaTiO3), TF(BiFeO3), and TF(AMO3) are respectively the tolerance factors of the oxides BaTiO3, BiFeO3, and AMO3.

Abstract: A method of controlling evaporation of droplet cloud resulting from nebulization of a liquid expelled from a liquid droplet spray device is disclosed, wherein the liquid droplet spray device comprises a reservoir containing liquid, a perforate membrane plate, fluid interface means for feeding liquid from the reservoir to the membrane plate, ultrasound generating means for acting on the supplied liquid to cause it to be expelled as a spray of droplets through orifices of the membrane plate, and electronic control means for controlling activation of the ultrasound generating means.

Abstract: A spraying mechanism configured to form uniform and thin coatings on foodstuffs and food packaging materials. The spraying mechanism includes a nozzle and a surface positioned adjacent to the nozzle, wherein the surface is configured to support at least one of a foodstuff and a food packaging material. The nozzle includes an atomizing section including a ceramic material and an intermediate section configured to promote ultrasonic-frequency mechanical motion in the atomizing section.