Abstract: The present invention discloses a thermal spray apparatus with improved thermal efficiency and wear resistance in both the nozzle and barrel combustion chamber. Specifically, disclosed herein is a thermal spray apparatus for spraying substrate coatings, comprising a high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) gun wherein said gun includes a combustion chamber generating heated flow therefrom and a nozzle downstream from said chamber. The nozzle and/or chamber contain a first layer of material heated by the flow, and a second layer of material which contacts the first layer when said first layer is heated. The first layer has a thermal conductivity that is lower than said second layer and preferably a lower thermal expansion coefficient. In use, the contact of the first heated layer of material with the second layer operates to remove heat from the first layer therein providing automatic/self-regulating temperature control of the HVOF apparatus.

Abstract: Spray arm for a coating device and a method of supplying a coating material to a spray arm. The spray arm including at least one nozzle pipe having an open end, a closed end, and at least one nozzle positioned between the open end and the closed end, and at least one delivery pipe having a supply end and a delivery end. The delivery end may be positioned adjacent the closed end of the at least one nozzle pipe, the open end of the at least one nozzle pipe may be couplable to a coating material supply, and the supply end of the at least one delivery pipe may be couplable to the coating material supply. The method includes supplying coating material to the at least one nozzle in a first direction substantially along a longitudinal axis of the at least one nozzle pipe, and supplying coating material to the at least one nozzle in a second direction, the second direction being substantially opposite the first direction.

Abstract: A reactant gas ejector head enables a process gas mixture of a uniform concentration and composition to be delivered to the surface of a substrate in a stable and uniform thermodynamic state by preventing premature reactions to occur along the gas delivery route. The reactant gas ejector head comprises an ejection head body having a back plate and a nozzle plate for defining a gas mixing space therebetween. The nozzle plate has numerous gas ejection nozzles. A gas supply pipe is communicated with the ejection head body through a center region of the back plate so as to separately introduce at least two types of gaseous substances into the mixing space. Gas distribution passages are formed between the back plate and the nozzle plate in such a way as to guide the at least two types of gaseous substances from the gas supply pipe to be directed separately towards peripheral regions of the gas mixing space.

Abstract: A device for heating washing liquid to be sprayed onto a vehicle windshield includes a thermally insulating body and a heating element configured to be heated in response to an applied electric current. The heating element is positioned within the thermally insulating body. A path is defined along a surface of the heating element to permit passage of the washing liquid along the surface of the heating element so that the washing liquid is heated by contact with the surface of the heating element.

Abstract: A self propelled, walk-behind or surrey drawn striping machine includes a single fluid tank for confining and, delivering under a pressure, fluid drive, heated thermoplastic, paint and the new, environmentally preferred, thin line thermoplastic. The machine is propelled by hydraulic wheel motors. A primary material tank comprises a pressurized interior vessel that is substantially surrounded by a heating fluid circulation jacket. A third wall around the fluid circulation jacket provides a heat riser insulating space. Combustion products from a burner head below the circulation jacket rise through the insulating space. A coaxial flow channel around the conduits that deliver the striping material to a spray head carries heat transfer medium such as hot oil drawn from the heating fluid circulation jacket.

Abstract: A heated windshield wiper for keeping wiper blades free from ice. In a first embodiment, a wiper blade includes a sealed cavity containing a heat-retaining fluid which aids in keeping the wiper blade free from ice. In a second embodiment, a wiper blade includes a sealed cavity containing a heat-retaining fluid. Heated washer fluid is directed through the washer blade heating the heat-retaining fluid which aids in keeping the wiper blade free from ice.

Abstract: An internal heater for a fuel injector includes an array of plates of a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material arranged about the valve element in a square tube shape, and surrounded by a heat insulating polytetrafluorethylene sleeve. The plates are preferably coated with polyimide to be protected from the fuel which flows over both surfaces of the plates. Electrical connections are established by inner and outer bands attached to the plates, with a conductive disc having tabs extending to the bands. Spring-loaded contact pins located radially outward from a seal on the disc have wires extending to the connector body contacts of the injector.

Abstract: An adjustable snow making tower structure which includes a device for warming the tower structure for preventing ice and snow buildup and for precooling the water before it is supplied to the tower for manufacturing snow. The snow making tower is usually an elongated pipe configuration which is secured at its lower end to the support arm, and the snow making nozzles are provided at the upper end of the pipe tower. The support arm is utilized for raising and lowering the pipe tower between horizontal to vertical. The support arm is made of heat conducting tubing and is connected to a remote water supply and is connected for conveying water under pressure through the tubing of the support arm to the bottom end of the pipe tower. Accordingly the water being conveyed through the support arm warms the support arm and is precooled prior to being conveyed to the snow making nozzles at the top of the tower to provide better quality snow with greater efficiency.

Abstract: An ultrasonic fluid spraying device including an electroacoustic converter; optionally at least one coupling rod element; a spraying device provided as a radial collar projecting outwards from an axial element with which it is integral, and tuned to the frequency of the converter; and devices for supplying the fluid to the immediate vicinity of an operative area of the spraying device.

Abstract: A mastic applicator system for delivering a mastic material to a surface in a precisely controlled manner. The system includes a mastic pump, a regulator receiving the mastic from the pump, a nozzle, and a jacketed hose assembly interconnecting the regulator output and the nozzle input. The hose assembly includes an end block having a flat sealing surface, and the end block and the body of the nozzle are fixedly secured together with the sealing surface on the end block in flush sealing contiguous relation to a flat sealing surface on the nozzle body so that a mastic passage and water passages in the end block may respectively sealingly communicate with a mastic passage and water passages in the nozzle body at the sealing surfaces. The mastic passage from the hose assembly to the nozzle outlet is thus totally internal and totally insulated so as to preclude the formation of cold plugs of mastic material during system shut down.

Abstract: A paint system for an automotive plant circulates various colors of paint, primers and seal coats in individual circulation loops to the many paint booths in an automotive finishing facility. A plate type heat exchanger is used for each circulation loop and the heat exchangers are connected in parallel in a single water circulation loop. The water is delivered to the plate type heat exchangers at a predetermined set point temperature and the plate type heat exchangers are sized to bring the paint to within 2.degree. F. or less of the set point temperature by the close temperature approach of heat exchange.

Abstract: A hose assembly suited for delivering viscous material to a dispenser nozzle at a controlled viscosity and temperature. The hose assembly includes a jacketed hose including an outer hose positioned around an inner hose carrying the mastic and defining an annular passage between the inner hose and the outer hose, and a hose cover assembly adapted to be releasably wrapped around a further remote hose carrying the mastic. The cover assembly includes an elongated strip of flexible material including generally parallel opposite longitudinal edges; a plurality of tubes embedded in the strip and running longitudinally through the strip; and coacting interengagable quick release means (such as a zipper) on the opposite longitudinal edges of the strip to enable the strip to be wrapped around the hose and secured in position around the hose by releasable interengagement of the quick release means.

Abstract: A scent dispenser includes an upper reservoir which holds a liquid scent source and a lower chamber which houses an adjustable burner. The burner emits heat to the upper reservoir and exhausts through a central vent pipe, causing the scent held in the upper chamber to volatilize. Exhaust from the vent pipe entrains volatilized scent and carries it into the atmosphere. A method for dispensing scent is also disclosed.

Abstract: A high velocity, oxygen fuel ("HVOF") thermal spray gun for spraying a melted powder composition of, for example, thermoplastic componds, thermoplastic/metallic composites, or thermoplastic/ceramic composites onto a substrate to form a coating thereon. The gun includes an HVOF flame generator for providing an HVOF gas stream to a fluid cooled nozzle. A portion of the gas stream is diverted for preheating the powder, with the preheated powder being injected into the main gas stream at a downstream location within the nozzle. Forced air and vacuum sources are provided in a shroud circumscribing the nozzle for cooling the melted powder in flight before deposition onto the substrate.

Abstract: A water film cooling modular nozzle for high temperature testing of specimens or similar comprising a rather long divergent in relation to the throat diameter, consisting of a metal section including the convergent, the throat and the beginning of the divergent and one or several divergent sections also metallic, the various sections being end to end assembled, and in that the outer wall of each section is independently cooled with a thin water film, the unit consisting of the sections and the separators being enclosed in a fixed outer shell defining, opposite each section, an independent cooling fluid circulation chamber containing the separator, the arrangement being such that a clearance with respect to the longitudinal axis of said unit in relation with said shell is allowed in order to absorb the thermal expansion of the nozzle.

Abstract: This invention is directed to improved spraying apparatus for coating substrates with a coating material and supercritical fluid which apparatus is provided with various features, either alone or in combination, to prevent undesirable premature cooling of the coating mixture which might detrimentally affect the final coating on the substrate; to prevent undesirable depressurization of supercritical fluid contained in the coating mixture which remains in the spray gun after spraying has been stopped; and/or to desirably provide the ability to mix the components of the coating mixture directly in the spray gun. Methods for utilizing these features in the spraying apparatus of the present invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: A spray header and nozzle assembly which includes a first elongated tubular member and a second elongated tubular member of a smaller diameter than the first tubular member coaxially disposed within the first tubular member to form an annular space between the first and second tubular members and a plurality of spray nozzle assemblies in fluid communication with the inside of the second tubular member. The spray nozzle assemblies are perpendicularly disposed to the axis of both tubular members and recessed into the annular space. Also, the nozzle assemblies include a first tube extending a predetermined distance beyond the circumference of the first tubular member and a second tube of a smaller diameter than the first tube coaxially disposed within the first tube and recessed into the first tube.

Abstract: A chemical coating apparatus has a heat exchanger disposed along a pipe for transporting a chemical for adjusting the temperature of the chemical to a predetermined value through a corresponding flow of constant-temperature water. Further, a temperature detector is provided in the vicinity of a nozzle through which the chemical is discharged to detect the temperature of the constant-temperature water. Therefore, it is possible to make uniform the thickness of chemical films applied to objects.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle for use in direct injection of fuel to an internal combustion engine, the injector nozzle comprising a body having a longitudinal fuel passage terminating in a port which in use communicate the fuel passage with the combustion chamber of the engine. A valve element to co-operate with a valve seat provided in the port to control fuel flow to the combustion chamber, and a fuel spray directing surface in the port extending downstream from the valve seat. The body including a cavity between the spray directing surface and that part of the body through which the fuel passage passes, with the cavity being shaped and located to restrict the area for conductive heat flow from the spray directing surface to fuel passage area of the body. The restriction of the heat flow maintains the spray directing surface at a temperature to combust particles of combustion products deposited thereon.

Abstract: A snow gun and process for making artificial snow comprising a heat exchanger for holding air and water in separate, adjacent chambers and an ejector manifold that disperses air/water admixture to the ambient atmosphere. A multi-chambered heat exchanger is designed so that incoming water completely envelops the air jacket, thus warming the incoming air. Thereafter the water, generally under pressure, entrains the air through use of a multi-ported manifold, using air ejector phenomenon, and is exhausted to the atmosphere where the expelled air/water admixture dissociates to finely atomized water droplets, which subsequently freeze to form artificial snow.

Abstract: An atomizing nozzle assembly is provided having an outwardly diverging frustrum of a cone shaped, deflector core of wear resistant ceramic, a nozzle rim of wear resistant ceramic encircling the core and coextensive with a downstream portion thereof to form a mixing zone therewith for receiving liquid-to-be-atomized therein from an unobstructed passage and atomizing fluid directing the liquid-to-be-atomized away from the core. The mixing zone leads to a nozzle orifice outlet. The core is mounted in a core holder and is adjustable by a screw thread, in close proximity to the mixing zone, to adjust the width of the mixing zone. The liquid-to-be-atomized (e.g. a coal slurry fuel) and the atomizing fluid (e.g. air) are fed along coaxial tubes which are slidably mounted by glands to accommodate differential expansions.

Abstract: A system for electrically heating a hose of the type used to transport one or more fluid components from a remote location to a point of application includes at least one fluid conduit and an electric heating element enclosed within a thermal insulation blanket to form a hose construction having predetermined heat transfer characteristics. A remotely positioned module enclosed in a thermal insulation blanket and containing an electric heater and temperature sensor provides a hose simulator having heat transfer characteristics substantially identical to that of the hose. An electrical power drive circuit connected in parallel to the hose heating element and the module heater is controlled by a temperature control circuit responsive to the temperature sensed within the module by the temperature sensor. The temperature control circuit is further responsive to an ambient temperature sensor physically separated from the hose and module.

Abstract: A gas detonation coating apparatus comprises a barrel enclosed in a casing, a spark plug associated with the barrel through a main pipe, a gas heating means associated with the barrel, a gas heating control means installed on an end of the barrel, and a powder sprayer incorporated in the barrel. Associated with the barrel through additional pipes is a buffer unit provided with gas conduits connected with a gas supply means.

Abstract: A process and a device (10) are proposed for spraying hot melt glue with which the heated hot melt glue by means of a pneumatically operated extrusion gun can be fed to a nozzle (25), to which pressurized air is supplied for spraying the glue. The pressurized air is heated up by means of a heating cartridge (14) around which the pressurized air is fed in spiral form. The heating cartridge (14) heats up the casing (12) of the extrusion gun simultaneously and controlled.

Abstract: A spraying system includes a screw conveyor to transmit material to be sprayed from a storage container to a spray nozzle. A predetermined torque is maintained on the screw to thereby maintain a predetermined pressure on the material within the conveyor, so that an instantaneous flow of material at a predetermined pressure can be obtained when the nozzle is opened. The pressure is preferably maintained by means of a hydraulic motor designed to stall at a predetermined torque. A heating jacket for housing heated oil surrounds the screw conveyor and provides heat necessary to maintain the material therein at a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A wear resistant atomizing nozzle assembly is provided having an outwardly diverging, frustum of a cone-shaped deflector core of wear resistant ceramic and a nozzle rim of wear resistant ceramic and having an outwardly flared inner surface encircling the core to form a flared, atomizing nozzle orifice therewith. The core is mounted in a flared socket of a deflector core holder and inner and outer sleeves feed, say, atomizing air to the deflector core surface and, say, a coal liquid mixture fuel inwardly around the nozzle rim so that the fuel is held by the air as a film against the nozzle rim inner surface and then atomized as it emerges from the nozzle rim.

Abstract: An agglomeration nozzle with an axial passage for the product and an annular duct coaxial with the passage. An annular distribution chamber coaxial with the duct and passage supplies the agglomeration fluid to the duct. A first heating chamber surrounds the distribution chamber and a second heating chamber is disposed below the distribution chamber adjacent the end of the duct. A heating fluid may be introduced into the heating chambers to maintain the distribution chamber and duct at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: Fuels, particularly caking fuels, are supplied in a fluidized bed reactor by conveying a fuel through an injection pipe with an end provided with an injection nozzle in a fluidized bed reactor, conveying a fluid through a jacket pipe surrounding the injection pipe and having an end provided with a jacket nozzle, wherein the jacket pipe is interrupted prior to the jacket nozzle, as considered in the flow direction, and at a predetermined location, and bypassing by a heat exchanger at this location at which the jacket pipe is interrupted.

Abstract: A steam distributor for applying steam to a paper sheet moving beneath it and spaced from the distributor. The distributor has a leading edge and a trailing edge relative to the sheet movement. There is a header for steam extending along the leading edge. At least one opening formed in the header enables steam to be directed towards the sheet. The steam so directed forms a curtain to eliminate air entrained by the sheet.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method of producing corrugated cardboards, in which water suspension of raw starch is used as an adhesive. The raw starch is, after application thereof, heated to form gell or paste with dry steam prepared by reheating low-pressure steam with high-pressure steam. Also, disclosed is an apparatus for practicing the improved method.

Abstract: A portable self-contained device for heating and spraying a coating material from a tank onto a surface, the device having a fluid fuel supply for heating the material, which fuel in addition to heating drives an engine that is coupled to a generator device for supplying electrical energy to heating elements in a spray hose and nozzle that communicate with the tank and to a main pump which causes a fluid medium to circulate to drive a stirring engine which operates a stirring apparatus in the tank, and to drive a discharge pump for discharging heated material through the spray hose and nozzle operatively connected to it.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for the fusion processing of synthetic thermoplastic resinous materials, utilizing a first high-velocity stream of gas to transport the resinous material through an elongated passageway which directs the stream of gas and transported material onto a workpiece, thereby fusing the resinous material. The elongated passageway is defined by at least one wall having a plurality of foramina or pores through which a second stream of gas is directed to heat the resinous material to a fusion temperature and to provide a slip stream on the inner surface of the wall thereby preventing the resinous material from sticking to the surface. The first stream of gas may be heated to initiate or supplement the heating of the resinous material.

Abstract: A steam cleaning machine comprises a steam generator system including a tank for fuel, such as propane, a detergent tank, and connections to sources of air under pressure and water. A hand-held steam generator unit includes a central combustion chamber spaced inwardly of a surrounding jacket. A first conduit extends to the rear of the combustion chamber, carrying a combustible gas-air mixture. A water conduit extends to the rear of the jacket. The chamber has a spark plug extending into it, through the jacket, and the forward end of the combustion chamber has an axial exhaust pipe, surrounded by a steam discharge pipe connected to the outlet of the jacket. Downstream of the combustion chamber outlet pipe is a detergent inlet connected by a conduit to the detergent tank.

Abstract: The engine of a mobile power crane-excavator is utilized as a source of heat to soften grease so that it may be applied to the open gears on the machine, even at low ambient temperatures. Heated water from the vehicle engine is caused to flow in heat transfer relationship with cold grease through a multi-conductor hose to provide a pre-heat of the grease. The heated water is caused to heat a metallic nozzle through which the pre-heated grease flows, thus creating a final heating of the grease up to the desired temperature. Air supplied through the nozzle causes the grease to be sprayed onto the gear. The remote supply tank for the grease may also be pre-heated with hot water from the vehicle engine.

Abstract: To remove air from pouches filled with foodstuffs or other products prior to sealing, equipment has been used which opens the top of the pouch, inserts a nozzle, injects steam through the nozzle, draws the edges of the top of the pouch together and then seals the top edges. The present invention is an improvement in the nozzle construction which prevents droplets of water from condensing on the top edges of the pouch, a deficiency of the prior art which inhibits an air-tight seal. The nozzle has an inner tube with a flared terminus which is lowered into the pouch, the tube being surrounded by a jacket connected to a source of saturated steam at about 50-60 psi. An adjustable pressure reducing orifice interconnects the jacket and tube so that the steam pressure emitted from the terminus is reduced to near atmospheric pressure and the temperature is increased to about (270.degree.-290.degree. F.

Abstract: A heating system is provided, for heating liquid in a truck mounted hot line pavement striping system, including a paint storage tank and spray guns, the heating system including a conduit from the internal combustion engine of the truck leading to a series of smaller conduits passing through the thermal oil bath, as the sole heat source for heating the oil bath, and thereafter being exhausted to the atmosphere, the inner walls of the tubes having sufficient heat exchanging surface, and of sufficient number to conduct sufficient heat from the exhaust gases through the conduit wall to the oil bath to heat the thermal oil, the oil surrounding tubes within the bath, containing the paint to be sprayed "hot" from the paint guns, and a heat by-pass from the engine to by-pass the heat past the heating system.

Abstract: A nozzle for spraying molten sulphur to be burned. The nozzle has a generally cylindrical body with a threaded axial bore. A diffusion chamber, a diversion cone and at least two openings are located within the nozzle. At least two tangential passageways connect the openings with a swirl chamber and a nozzle tip is positioned adjacent to the swirl chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for production of ice nuclei by generation of homogenous nuclei in nozzle or orifice expansions. The homogeneous nuclei are formed in the rapid cooling of vapors by rapid expansion through a supersonic nozzle or an orifice. These nuclei then serve as seeding materials for formation of ice.A preferred method of carrying out the invention includes heating a volatile compound in a closed chamber to form a vapor, pressurizing the chamber with nitrogen gas and controllably releasing the resulting nitrogen gas-vapor combination through a nozzle or orifice in supersonic flow.

Abstract: The system comprises a burner-housing in which to ignite volatile fluids, together with means for admitting such fluids thereinto and means for discharging the combustion product therefrom. A coolant-carrying shell is enclosed within the burner-housing, the same having spray holes for discharging coolant onto the burner-housing inner surface, and for discharging coolant into a burner-housing defined combustion chamber. A distributor carried by the shell admits discrete fluids into the housing, and also has coolant passages formed therein. Additionally, the distributor has a fluid-heating arrangement disposed therewithin, as well as a fluid-ignition arrangement, the latter being selectively operative -- to insure ignition of the housing-admitted volatile fluids. The combustion products are either simply vented from the burner-housing, for use thus, or are conducted through a terminal rocket nozzle for generating thrust.

Abstract: A directed, high-velocity stream of compressible fluid is produced and put to use (as in a turbine) by adding heat to such fluid as it flows through and expands within an elongate nozzle prior to discharge therefrom but following passage through a throat of such nozzle. The fluid is supplied to the nozzle at pressure greater than the atmosphere into which the high-velocity stream is directed and discharged. Apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention comprises one or more elongate nozzles, each having a throat and constructed with means for adding heat to fluid flowing from such throat toward the nozzle outlet through an elongate discharge portion of the nozzle having flow passage of effective cross-sectional area that gradually increases from the nozzle throat to the nozzle outlet.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and heating and spraying apparatus utilized for regulating the temperature of highly viscous cold process coating material tht is sprayed by a single pump on a surface, such as a roof and the like. The heating apparatus includes a vat designed to hold a quantity of a heat transfer medium, such as oil. A burner provides a source of heat to the bottom, sides and ends of the tank or vat holding the heat transfer oil. Mounted within the vat is a serpentine configuration of serrated finned tubing. The serrated finned tubing provides the maximum heat transfer while maintaining a compact and portable size. The loops of the serrated finned coils are mounted unconstrained within the vat to permit any relative movement, such as that produced by thermal or pressure expansions. A thermostatically controlled fuel supply system automatically monitors the temperature of the oil transfer bath to regulate the temperature of the coating material.

Abstract: A steam supply apparatus. At least a first and second pipe are located in spaced apart, side by side relationship. A cover member extends longitudinally between the pipes and is secured to them. A bottom wall is spaced below the cover member and extends longitudinally of the pipes and is secured to them. The pipes, cover member and bottom wall form between them a steam chamber. End members close the steam chamber near opposite ends of the pipes. There are steam outlet means in the bottom wall that extend substantially the length of the chamber between the pipes. There are means for supplying steam to the pipes. Each pipe has a plurality of apertures arranged longitudinally of the pipe to maintain the interior of the steam pipes in communication with the steam chamber. The pipes are adapted to extend across a surface against which steam is to be directed through the outlet means and to support the steam chamber above the surface.